[01] Apanthsh Karamanlh gia to Batopedi

Kata ton ko Karamanlh, h kybernhsh ths Neas Dhmokratias parelabe ``oristikopoihmeno'' to idiokthsiako kaqestws ths limnhs Bisqwnidas, opote, ``desmeyomenoi'' apo tis ypoyrgikes apofaseis toy PASOK ``kai logw toy koinwnikoy problhmatos poy eixe dhmioyrghqei stoys katoikoys twn geitonikwn perioxwn kai ths ajiwshs toys na antimetwpisqei to problhma toys, alla kai logw ths elleichs twn apaitoymenwn porwn gia tyxon apallotriwseis, oi ypoyrgoi ths ND, o kaqenas sto plaisio twn armodiothtwn toy, yioqethsan thn kaqb ola nomimh diadikasia twn antallagwn''.

O prwhn Prwqypoyrgos, sto ypomnhma toy pros thn Proanakritikh Epitroph, ektima epishs pws ``oyden to epilhcimo proekyce'' apo tis dyo Ejetastikes Epitropes poy sygkrothqhkan gia thn ypoqesh, ``oyte kan skia ypocias peri poinikwn eyqynwn gia ta politika proswpa - kai ayto, para thn emfanh empaqeia kai prokatalhch poy epideixqhke apo diafores pleyres''. Kai, an kai dhlwnei pws den einai se qesh na ajiologhsei tis apotimhseis ths ajias twn akinhtwn, shmeiwnei pws ``tesseris ekqeseis ektimhsewn poy dienerghqhkan, dyo apo to Swma Orkwtwn Ektimhtwn kai dyo apo jenoys anejarthtoys oikoys, den entopisan otidhpote mempto, epilhcimo, oyte zhmia toy Dhmosioy. Kai einai epieikws periergo, oti h yparjh twn ekqesewn aytwn, aposiwphqhke sthn deyterh Ejetastikh Epitroph, opws epishs kai to gegonos, oti molis twra zhteitai h dienergeia epiprosqetwn ektimhsewn''.

Ejalloy, o kos Karamanlhs ypenqymizei pws h kybernhsh toy, systhse Ejetastikh Epitroph gia thn ypoqesh kai anakalese tis ``apofaseis peri kyriothtas twn en logw perioxwn'', wste na mhn yparxei yponoia blabhs toy dhmosioy symferontos - kai pws anelabe thn politikh eyqynh, opws einai ``xreos toy ekastote Prwqypoyrgoy'', gia otidhpote apasxolei ton dhmosio bio, ``estw kai an pisteyei oti oyte katb elaxiston yfistantai epilhcimes symperifores apo pleyras politikwn proswpwn''.

Apo pleyras twn boyleytwn toy PASOK poy metexoyn sthn Proanakritikh Epitroph ths Boylhs, to ypomnhma xarakthrizetai ``mnhmeio sygkalychs ths alhqeias''. O Kwstas Karamanlhs, kata toys boyleytes toy PASOK, ``den qelei na symballei sthn oysiastikh prospaqeia ths Epitrophs, alla epikaleitai ena swro anakribeies - allazei gia trith fora qesh: Mila gia eyqynes ypoyrgwn sto plaisio twn armodiothtwn toys kai leei pws den yparxei zhmia toy Dhmosioy, enw akoma kai me tis ektimhseis toy Swmatos Orkwtwn Ektimhtwn yparxei zhmia ycoys 110 ek. eyrw''.

Apo pleyras KKE, o Antwnhs Skyllakos parathrhse pws to ypomnhma Karamanlh, ``kineitai sta plaisia ths yperaspistikhs grammhs ths ND. Epibebaiwnetai h eyqynh ths Neas Dhmokratias kai toy PASOK''. Gia ton Q. Pleyrh (LAOS), ``h oysia htan na erqei edw o Kwstas Karamanlhs kai oxi na aposteilei ypomnhma. To PASOK epaije to paixnidi toy prwhn Prwqypoyrgoy''. Oso gia ton Q. Dritsa (SYRIZA), o kos Karamanlhs ``prospaqei me texnasmata na skepasei thn pragmatikothta, eidika ekei poy amfisbhtei thn yparjh zhmias toy Dhmosioy kai poy anaferetai stis armodiothtes twn ypoyrgwn toy''.

- O proedros ths Proanakritikhs Epitrophs, D. Tsirwnhs, erwthqeis sxetika me tis aitiaseis ths Neas Dhmokratias, gia thn mh dienergeia pragmatognwmosynhs poy na apodeiknyei thn zhmia toy Dhmosioy apo thn ypotimhsh ths ajias twn antallagentwn ektasewn, h thn yperektimhsh ths limnhs Bisqwnidas, ypenqymise pws h prwth Ejetastikh Epitroph gia thn ypoqesh, sygkrothqhke epi kybernhsews Neas Dhmokratias, xwris na paraggeilei tetoia pragmatognwmosynh. Apo thn allh, ``ena tetoio epixeirhma, qa eixe nohma, monaxa an h limnh Bisqwnida anhke sthn Monh Batopedioy kai emeis ereynoysame tis ajies twn oikopedwn poy antallaxqhkan me ayth. H limnh omws, anhkei sto Dhmosio kai oi ypoyrgoi toy koy Karamanlh, paraithqhkan apo kerdismenh dikh, gia na doqoyn sth synexeia sth Monh Batopedioy, ta kalytera oikopeda. Se kaqe periptwsh, emeis proxwrame sthn anaqesh neas pragmatognwmosynhs'' anefere o kos Tsirwnhs.

Synergates toy Kwsta Karamanlh sxoliazontas osa dierreysan apo kykloys toy PASOK gia thn epistolh toy prwhn prwqypoyrgoy sthn proanakritikh epitroph elegan:

``Na kanoyn kalytera tis prosqeseis kai tis afaireseis toys. Na mhn amfisbhtoyn pragmatika stoixeia poy einai adiaseista kai kaneis den mporei na ta amfisbhthsei''.

Apanthsh kybernhtikoy ekproswpoy

Gia "arnhsh ths pragmatikothtas" kai "ypotimhsh ths nohmosynhs twn politwn" kathgorhse ton K. Karamanlh kai th ND o kybernhtikos ekproswpos Giwrgos Petalwths, se dhlwsh toy sxetika me thn epistolh toy tews prwqypoyrgoy pros thn Proanakritikh Epitroph ths Boylhs gia to Batopedi.

"Einai dikaiwma toy k. Karamanlh na mh qelei na apanthsei epi ths oysias sth klhteysh ths Proanakritikhs Epitrophs ths Boylhs gia to skandalo toy Batopedioy, kai ergo ths Epitrophs h ajiologhsh ths epistolhs toy", anefere o k. Petalwths.

Ypogrammise de oti "to na yioqetei, omws, o prwhn prwqypoyrgos, akoma kai shmera, isxyrismoys gia anyparjia eyqynwn ypoyrgwn ths kybernhshs toy, alla kai na protassei tis pantelws anypostates qeseis ths ND, peri mh yparjhs zhmias toy Dhmosioy, apotelei arnhsh ths pragmatikothtas kai ypotimhsh ths nohmosynhs twn politwn".

More details on the subscriber's page of APE-MPE | Subscription request form

[02] Apofasizoyn gia tis kinhtopoihseis

Se dyo synanthseis poy pragmatopoihsan xqes, oi proedroi twn ennea Omospondiwn Idiokthtwn forthgwn kai bytioforwn Dhmosias Xrhshs, den kataferan na apofasisoyn epi ths protashs toy emporikoy kai epixeirhmatikoy kosmoy, gia anastolh twn kinhtopoihsewn prokeimenoy na trofodothqei h agora poy asfyktia.

Sth diarkeia ths synanthshs, symfwna me plhrofories, diatypwqhkan diaforetikes protaseis, me toys ``sklhropyrhnikoys'' na epimenoyn se synexish twn kinhtopoihsewn, me to aitiologiko den ``exoyme pleon na xasoyme tipota'' kai toys pio cyxraimoys na proteinoyn anastolh twn kinhtopoihsewn.

Kaneis omws den qelhse na parei thn eyqynh gia thn oristikh apofash kai etsi breqhke mia allh lysh, dhladh na sygklhqei Genikh Syneleysh kai na apofasisei h bash, oti ayth th fora me kalph, kai oxi dia bohs opws thn perasmenh Paraskeyh.

Apo thn pleyra toys oi ekproswpoi toy emporikoy kai epixeirhmatikoy kosmoy poy synanthqhkan me toys metaforeis, afhsan na ennohqei oti qa xrhsimopoihsoyn ola ta mesa poy diaqetoyn gia na yperaspistoyn tis epixeirhseis toys.

``Qa prosfygoyme dikastika kata twn metaforewn an synexistei ayth h katastash'', dhlwse o proedros ths Enwshs Epimelhthriwn Ellados k. Giwrgos Kassimaths. ``Yparxei nomos kai prepei na efarmostei'' shmeiwse apo thn pleyra toy o proedros toy EBEA Kwnstantinos Mixalos kai kalese ta syntetagmena organa ths politeias na efarmosoyn toys nomoys.

Sto metajy, sthn eisaggelea Prwtodikwn Kabalas odhghqhke shmera o 41xronos Ellhnas idiokthths forthgoy aytokinhtoy poy kathgoreitai oti xqes ta jhmerwmata mazi me alloys tessereis synadelfoys toy traymatisan elafra 55xrono allodapo odhgo forthgoy aytokinhtoy, sto opoio prokalesan ylikes zhmies, afoy to akinhtopoihsan me tria idiwtikhs xrhshs epibatika aytokinhta panw sthn Egnatia odo.

Ejalloy, h Eyrwpaikh Epitroph prosefyge epishmws sto Dikasthrio twn Eyrwpaikwn Koinothtwn zhtwntas toy na anagnwrisei oti h Ellada me thn epibolh periorismwn sthn ekdosh twn adeiwn kykloforias twn oxhmatwn dhmosias xrhsews kai twn idiwtikwn bytioforwn, parabiazei to arqro 49 ths Synqhkhs gia th Leitoyrgia ths Eyrwpaikhs Enwshs, to opoio afora thn eleyqeria egkatastashs twn epixeirhsewn.

Parembash Samara

Parembash sto qema poy exei prokycei me tis kinhtopoihseis aytokinhtistwn kai ton anefodiasmo ths agoras, ekane o proedros ths ND Antwnhs Samaras.

O k. Samaras ekane ekklhsh stoys idiokthtes twn forthgwn na anasteiloyn tis kinhtopoihseis toys, kai parallhla, ekane ekklhsh ston prwqypoyrgo na dwsei megalyterh metabatikh periodo wste na ektonwqei h krish, dhladh opws ejhghse, na kanei h kybernhsh estw kai me kaqysterhsh ayto poy proteine h ND apo thn arxh.

O k. Samaras epiteqhke kai sthn kybernhsh, legontas: "epishmainw th diafora anamesa sth dikh mas antipoliteytikh stash, thn ypeyqynh kai ekeinh toy PASOK prin apo ena xrono otan o shmerinos prwqypoyrgos katebaine ston Peiraia kai emfanizotan ws qyma twn dakrygonwn, poy shmera bebaia peftoyn me dikh toy entolh".

Katalhgontas, o k. Samaras anefere: "kanw ekklhsh na prytaneysei h logikh apo oles tis pleyres shmera oxi ayrio, giati to emporio exei fqasei sta oria toy kai den antexei allo ayth thn katastash".

Dhlwseis G.Petalwth

``H kybernhsh edeije oti diaqetei thn politikh boylhsh gia na proxwrhsei ayto to poly megalo qema. Einai pleon nomos toy kratoys kai fysika h agora kai leitoyrgei kai qa leitoyrghsei kalytera'', tonise o kybernhtikos ekproswpos Giwrgos Petalwths gia tis synexizomenes kinhtopoihseis twn metaforewn kai shmeiwse oti ``h kybernhsh krata mia isorropia gia to dhmosio symferon''.

Prosqese de oti o nomos gia thn peraiwsh perilambanei kai toys metaforeis kai oti kai oi alles elafrynseis doqhkan yper twn metaforewn me thn proypoqesh oti qa kanoyn th doyleia poy prepei.

Sxetika me anafora toy proedroy twn epimelhthriwn oti endexomenws na yparjoyn agwges enantion twn metaforewn, o k. Petalwths eipe oti kaqenas mporei na kanei agwges kai kataggelies, otan den ejyphreteitai apo ta forthga DX.

``Anti ayth th stigmh na deijei stoixeiwdh ypeyqynothta, o k. Samaras erxetai na anatrecei ta aytonohta'', anefere o k. Petalwths sxoliazontas thn protash toy arxhgoy ths ND gia ayjhsh ths metabatikhs periodoy twn metaforewn ths trietia, ypenqymizontas oti h ND chfise ayto to nomo kai twra leei na allajei.

More details on the subscriber's page of APE-MPE | Subscription request form

[03] Omilia D. Droytsa ston OHE

Thn etoimothta ths Elladas gia oysiastikes diapragmateyseis me stoxo thn epilysh toy problhmatos ths onomasias ths PGDM epanelabe o k. Droytsas, kalwntas parallhla ton prwqypoyrgo ths geitonikhs xwras k. Gkroyefski na ginei ``meros ths proodoy''.

Gia to Kypriako zhthse thn aposyrsh twn toyrkikwn katoxikwn strateymatwn, ypogrammizontas oti prokeitai gia qema politikhs qelhshs kai apofasistikothtas. O k. Droytsas tonise thn anagkh gia synergasia metajy Elladas kai Toyrkias wste na sthrixtei kai na proxwrhsei apotelesmatika h diapragmateytikh diadikasia me skopo thn epiteyjh lyshs dizwnikhs, dikoinotikhs omospondias, sthrigmenhs stis apofaseis toy OHE kai stis eyrwpaikes arxes.

Oson afora tis ellhnotoyrkikes sxeseis tonise me emfash oti to Dieqnes Dikaio einai h monh bash gia dieyqethsh twn diaforwn me eirhnikes diadikasies, shmeiwnontas oti enas piqanos dromos einai h prosfygh sto Dieqnes Dikasthrio ths Xaghs.

O ypoyrgos Ejwterikwn ths xwras mas milwntas mesa sta plaisia twn ergasiwn ths 65hs Genikhs Syneleyshs toy dieqnoys organismoy anaferqhke kai sthn prospaqeia ths Elladas gia prowqhsh ths ``atzentas 2014'' poy afora tis xwres twn Dytikwn Balkaniwn.

More details on the subscriber's page of APE-MPE | Subscription request form

[04] Antistekontai oi kapnistes

H Ellada, an kai einai h prwth xwra pagkosmiws, sthn opoia qespisthke antikapnistikos nomos (to 1856), fainetai oti antisteketai sqenara sta nea dedomena kai oti oi Ellhnes den ennooyn na egkataleicoyn thn agaphmenh toys synhqeia, to kapnisma.

Htan 31 Ioylioy toy 1856, otan ekdoqhke to basiliko diatagma, to opoio ypegrafe tote ``en onomati toy basilews'' h basilissa Amalia. H apofash eixe lhfqei sto onoma ths asfaleias apo endexomena pyrkagiwn, se kleistoys xwroys. To diatagma egrafe:

``Qelontas na prolabwmen oson enesti ta ej endexomenwn pyrkaiwn dystyxhmata, epi th protasei toy Hmeteroy epi twn Eswterikwn Ypoyrgoy, apefasisamen kai diatattomen.

A'. Apagoreyetai h xrhsis toy kapnizein eite dia kapnosyriggwn (tsimpoykiwn), eite dia sigarwn, eis pantas en genei toys ypallhloys kai yphretas toy Kratoys entos twn dhmosiwn grafeiwn kai katasthmatwn.

B'. H apagoreysis ayth epekteinetai kai eis panta allon proserxomenon eis ta eirhmena katasthmata kai grafeia xarin ypoqesews h allhs tinos aitias.

G'. O Hmeteros epi twn Eswterikwn Ypoyrgos qelei dhmosieysei kai ektelesei to paron Diatagma''.

H sygkekrimenh ryqmish me thn parodo twn xronwn katesth anenergh ki hrqe to 2010, opote h kybernhsh qespise enan apo toys pio aysthroys antikapnistikoys nomoys ths Eyrwphs. Isws epeidh h xwra katexei kai thn prwtia se katanalwsh kapnoy kai proiontwn toy metajy twn xwrwn ths Eyrwpaikhs Enwshs. Sto metajy, exoyn prohghqei nomoi ana thn eyrwpaikh epikrateia -kai oxi monon- poy kanoyn oristikh ``ejwsh'' sto tsigaro.

Sthn Ellada, pantws, mpalkonia, taratses, hmiypaiqrioi, diadromoi, klimakostasia kai kleista grafeia exoyn metatrapei se ``atypa'' kapnisthria se dhmosies yphresies, alla kai se idiwtikes epixeirhseis, prokeimenoy na efarmostei ``ala ellhnika'' o nomos.

Se polla kafe, mpar kai se arketa estiatoria ta pragmata einai pio jekaqara. Kapnizoyme pantoy kai panta san na mhn allaje tipota.

Otan to APE-MPE rwta thn ypeyqynh kafe-mpar giati epitrepei to kapnisma sto katasthma kai giati den exei mazecei ta staxtodoxeia apo ta trapezia, ekeinh me xamogelo apanta: ``ma, o Septembrios einai mhnas systasewn, ara akomh epitrepetai to kapnisma''.

``Emeis exoyme brei allh lysh, den kapnizoyme sta grafeia, alla stoys diadromoys toy kthrioy. Etsi, opoios bgei apo to asanser, brisketai mesa se ena nefos kapnoy, alla otan mpei sta grafeia mas h atmosfaira einai kaqarh'', parembainei kyria apo to diplano trapezi.

Stis epixeirhseis, loipon, h efarmogh toy nomoy metatiqetai gia tis... dyskoles kairikes synqhkes. Stis dhmosies yphresies;

Prwth episkech toy APE-MPE se yphresia toy eyryteroy dhmosioy tomea. Ekei oi ergazomenoi den kapnizoyn mesa sta grafeia toys. Metetrecan se kapnisthrio ta mpalkonia twn grafeiwn toys, to idio ki enan hmiypairqio. ``Poy na trexoyme ston dromo; Einai xasimo xronoy'', lene oi ypallhloi, ta thlefwna xtypoyn kai h doyleia ``trexei''.

Deyteros staqmos toy APE-MPE, ena ypoyrgeio. Ekei, oi perissoteroi katebainoyn ston dromo gia tsigaro. Epeidh, omws, edw einai Ellada, yparxoyn kai oi eyrhmatikoi... Anti na katebainoyn eji orofoys apofasisan na anebainoyn enan kai na briskontai sthn taratsa toy kthrioy. Ki an pali o hlios xtypaei alyphta, yparxei kai to klimakostasio, poy odhgei sthn taratsa. Yparxei kai trith kathgoria. Aytoi einai oi kalyteroi... Kleidwnoyn to grafeio toys, xtypas thn porta, jekleidwnei kai mpaineis mesa se synnefo kapnoy, poy kobetai me to maxairi...

``Ma, xanoyme xrono apo th doyleia mas. Gia na kanoyme ena tsigaro prin, den stamatoysame th doyleia. Twra xanoyme ena eikosalepto. Einai dynaton;'', sxoliazoyn koitazontas se, wsan na eisai o probokatoras ths paragwgikothtas toy dhmosioy...

Katopin olwn toytwn, to APE-MPE apofasizei na mpei ston pleon eyaisqhto xwro. Sta nosokomeia. Episkeptetai, loipon, ena megalo dhmosio nosokomeio, prokeimenoy na diapistwsei pws efarmozetai ekei o nomos. Ela omws, poy den efarmozetai... Dioti, ektos apo toys synodoys, poy etsi ki alliws kapnizan ejw, to proswpiko, iatriko kai noshleytiko, kapnizoyn oloi kanonika entos twn kthriwn.

Grafeia iatrwn, staseis adelfwn, dwmatia imatismoy, mpalkonakia, einai ena aperanto kapnisthrio. H apanthsh apo giatroys kai noshleytes mia ``den mporoyme na afhsoyme toys asqeneis kai na bgainoyme ejw gia tsigaro, an symbei kati ti qa poyme "phga gia kapnisma";''.

H noshleytria dhlwnei: ``Doyleyw sth nyxterinh bardia monh moy, exw na frontisw 30 asqeneis. An qelw na kapnisw ena tsigaro, poy qa paw. Ante, na katebw tesseris orofoys gia na bgw ejw. Ki an xtyphsei ena koydoyni, an kapoios asqenhs qelei kati, poios qa trejei konta toy;''.

Oi meres pernoyn. Ligotero apo ebdomada ypoleipetai gia na metatrapei o ``mhnas prosarmoghs kai systasewn'' se mhna prostimwn ki ola deixnoyn pws oi Ellhnes den einai apofasismenoi na kocoyn tis synhqeies toys.

H thlefwnikh grammh enhmerwshs kai yposthrijhs gia to kapnisma ``1142'' dexqhke to Sabbato 25/9/2010, 3.544 klhseis kai thn Kyriakh, 26/9/2010, 3.532. O synolikos ariqmos klhsewn apo thn 1/9/2010, prwth hmera efarmoghs twn newn metrwn kata toy kapnismatos, efqase tis 102.243 klhseis, ek twn opoiwn oi 1.188 aforoysan kataggelies.

H apagoreysh toy kapnismatos sta krath ths EE

Oles oi xwres ths Eyrwpaikhs Enwshs, alles perissotero, alles ligotero exoyn yioqethsei nomoys kata toy kapnismatos.

Aystria: To kapnisma apagoreyetai se ola ta grafeia, mpar, ntisko, estiatoria k.lp me orismenes ejaireseis, dhladh an OLOI oi ergazomenoi symfwnhsoyn na synexistei to kapnisma.

Apo ton Ianoyario toy 2009 tiqetai se isxy enas neos nomos, poy problepei oti oi idiokthtes estiatoriwn, mpar, ntisko kai pamp, megalyterwn apo 80 t.m., ypoxreoyntai na dhmioyrghsoyn xwroys kapnistwn kai mh kapnistwn.

Belgio: Apo 45 kymata pernoyn oi nomoi kata toy kapnismatos. H prwth apopeira jekina to 2005, otan didetai entolh stis etaireies na efarmosoyn metra kata ths blaberhs synhqeias. Enan xrono meta, ton Ianoyario toy 2006, to kapnisma apagoreyetai stoys xwroys ergasias. Ton Ianoyario toy 2007 to kapnisma apagoreyetai se estiatoria kai mpar, me ejairesh ayta poy ejyphretoyn ``elafra geymata'' (p.x. krya geymata, pitsa, santoyits) kai exoyn ligotero apo to 30% toy tziroy toys apo thn pwlhsh twn trofimwn. Apo thn efarmogh toy nomoy ejairoyntai kai ta mikra mpar.

Ton Septembrio toy 2008 to kapnisma den epitrepetai pleon sta sxoleia kai ton Ianoyarioy toy 2010 teqhke se isxy genikh apagoreysh toy kapnismatos, symperilambanomenwn olwn twn typwn mpar. Wstoso, to metro den threitai kai katalhgei na isxyei monon se katasthmata, poy serbiroyn faghto.

Boylgaria: Apagoreyetai se oloys toys kleistoys dhmosioys xwroys, ektos apo mpar kai estiatoria.

Gallia: Periploka paramenoyn ta pragmata sxetika me to kapnisma sth Gallia. Thn 1h Febroyarioy 2007 apagoreyetai to kapnisma se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys (staqmoi, moyseia, klp) kai apo thn 1h Ianoyarioy 2008, h apagoreysh epekteinetai kai sta mpar, ta kafe, ta estiatoria, toys xwroys diaskedashs.

Symfwna me tis nees ryqmiseis, stoys xwroys estiashs kai diaskedashs epitrepontai oi xwroi kapnismatos, alla ypokeintai se poly aysthroys oroys: mporoyn na katalambanoyn to poly 20% toy synolikoy embadon toy katasthmatos kai to megeqos toys den prepei na einai perissotero apo 35 t.m., prepei na exoyn jexwristh egkatastash ejaerismoy, poy na antikaqista ton plhrh ogko toy aera deka fores ana wra, kai o kaqarismos toy dwmatioy na ginetai apo to proswpiko mia wra meta thn teleytaia xrhsh toy xwroy.

Germania: H Germania einai xwra, poy katexei apo ta ychlotera pososta kapnistwn sthn Eyrwph. Apo to 2007 apagoreyetai to kapnisma se xwroys diaskedashs kai estiashs, enw problepontai xwroi gia kapnistes. Apo ton nomo ejairoyntai oi mikroi xwroi. Wstoso, ta metra ejakoloyqoyn na amfisbhtoyntai kai na mhn efarmozontai.

Ton Febroyario toy 2009, malista, to periodiko ``Der Spiegel'' anefere oti oi elegxoi apo tis arxes gia thn thrhsh ths apagoreyshs sta mpar einai poly adynamoi kai se polles perioxes h apagoreysh den threitai.

Dania: Apo tis 15 Aygoystoy 2007 apagoreyetai to kapnisma sta jenodoxeia, estiatoria, mpar, klamp, dhmosia mesa metaforas, kaqws kai se oloys toys idiwtikoys kai dhmosioys xwroys ergasias. Ejairoyntai ta mpar me embadon mikrotero twn 40 t.m. kai ta grafeia, poy xrhsimopoioyntai apo enan ergazomeno. Wstoso, o nomos exei prokalesei megalh diamaxh kai apo ton Noembrio toy 2007 den efarmozetai.

Esqonia: Apo tis 4 Ioynioy toy 2005 to kapnisma apagoreyetai se kleistoys dhmosioys xwroys kai se xwroys ergasias. Stis 5 Ioynioy toy 2007 h apagoreysh epekteinetai se mpar, estiatoria, kafeteries kai nyxterina kentra, enw epitrepetai h dhmioyrgia xwrwn kapnistwn.

Hnwmeno Basileio: Apo to 2007 to kapnisma apagoreyetai plhrws se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys, toys xwroys ergasias kai diaskedashs. H nomoqesia problepei aysthra prostima gia toys parabates.

Irlandia: Einai h prwth xwra ston kosmo, poy qespise plhrh apagoreysh toy kapnismatos se xwroys ergasias, stis 29 Martioy 2004. Prin thn olikh apagoreysh, to kapnisma eixe hdh teqei ektos nomoy se dhmosia ktiria, nosokomeia, sxoleia, koyzines estiatoriwn, aeroskafh kai trena.

Italia: Htan h tetarth xwra ston kosmo, poy apagoreyse to kapnisma. Apo tis 10 Ianoyarioy 2005 apagoreyetai to kapnisma se oloys toys dhmosioys eswterikoys xwroys, opws mpar, kafe, estiatoria kai ntiskotek. Wstoso, epitrepetai h dhmioyrgia eidikwn xwrwn kapnismatos, me aysthres proypoqeseis.

Ispania: Apo thn 1h Ianoyarioy 2006 h ispanikh nomoqesia apagoreyei to kapnisma se grafeia, katasthmata, sxoleia, nosokomeia, politistika kentra kai mesa mazikhs metaforas, symperilambanomenwn twn staqmwn kai twn aerodromiwn. O nomos orizei, epishs, oti ta estiatoria kai ta mpar anw twn 100 t.m. mporoyn na orizoyn enan xwro kapnistwn. Oi epixeirhmaties twn egkatastasewn, poy einai mikroteres twn 100 t.m. mporoyn na epilejoyn an qa einai kapnistwn, h mh kapnistwn. Wstoso, o nomos sthn prajh exei katastei anenergos kai sta perissotera mpar epitrepetai to kapnisma.

Gia ton logo ayto, h ispanikh kybernhsh exei anakoinwsei enan neo aysthrotero nomo, o opoios qa apagoreyei to kapnisma se oloys toys eswterikoys dhmosioys xwroys, opws mpar, klamp kai estiatoria apo thn 1h Ianoyarioy 2011.

Katw Xwres: Apo to 2008 yparxei plhrhs apagoreysh kapnismatos, enw stoys xwroys diaskedashs epitrepetai h dhmioyrgia xwrwn kapnizontwn. To kapnisma kannabhs (marixoyana kai xasis) epitrepetai se katasthmata kafe, ypo thn proypoqesh oti den anameignyontai me kapno.

Kypros: Apo 1h Ianoyarioy 2010 sthn Kypro apagoreyetai to kapnisma se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys (mpar, estiatoria, nyxterina kentra kai toys xwroys ergasias).

Letonia: Apo thn 1 Maioy toy 2010 to kapnisma apagoreyetai plhrws se estiatoria kai mpar. Apagoreyetai, epishs, se parka kai se apostash deka metrwn gyrw apo ktiria, poy stegazoyn dhmosies yphresies, sxoleia kai staseis meswn mazikhs metaforas.

Liqoyania: Apo thn 1h Ianoyarioy 2007 o antikapnistikos nomos epiballetai se estiatoria, mpar, klamp (ektos apo ta eidika gia kapnisma poyroy) kai nyxterina kentra. Epipleon, to kapnisma apagoreyetai stis dhmosies sygkoinwnies ektos apo toys syrmoys megalwn apostasewn, opoy problepontai xwroi kapnistwn.

Loyjemboyrgo: To kapnisma apagoreyetai se oloys toys kleistoys dhmosioys xwroys, ta nosokomeia, ta emporika kentra, sxoleia kai ta estiatoria. Ejairoyntai ta kafe kai mpar poy serbiroyn monon snak. Epipleon, apagoreyetai to kapnisma se kafe, poy serbiroyn faghto apo tis 12 ews tis 2 to meshmeri kai apo tis 7 ews tis 9 to apogeyma.

Malta: Ton Aprilio toy 2004 to kapnisma apagoreyqhke se oloys toys kleistoys dhmosioys xwroys, symperilambanomenwn twn dhmosiwn metaforwn, klamp kai estiatoria an kai epitrepontai xwroi kapnismatos.

Oyggaria: To kapnisma exei apagoreytei edw kai polla xronia stis dhmosies sygkoinwnies, nosokomeia, aerodromia kai sta dhmosia ktiria, symperilambanomenoy toy Koinoboylioy. Apo to 2010 h apagoreysh toy kapnismatos efarmozetai se paidikes xares kai ypogeies diabaseis. To 2009, yphrje protash gia thn apagoreysh toy kapnismatos se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys symperilambanomenwn twn estiatoriwn, mpar k.lp., alla h efarmogh ths exei anastalei, logw ths pieshs apo tis diafores koinwnikes omades.

Polwnia: To kapnisma apagoreyetai se sxoleia, nosokomeia h alles iatrikes egkatastaseis kai ta mesa mazikhs metaforas (symperilambanomenwn twn oxhmatwn, opws to treno h to lewforeio kai staseis lewforeiwn, staqmoys trenwn k.lp.)

Apo tis 15 Noembrioy 2010, qa apagoreyetai to kapnisma se oloys toys dhmosioys eswterikoys xwroys, opws mpar, kafeteries, ntisko kai estiatoria, ektos ki an yparxoyn kleistoi xwroi kapnismatos.

Portogalia: Apagoreyetai to kapnisma se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys, enw dinetai h dynatothta dhmioyrgias kleistwn xwrwn gia kapnistes kapnistwn, efoson aytoi einai ejoplismenoi me ta katallhla systhmata ejaerismoy.

Parallhla, o nomoqeths problepei aysthra prostima gia toys parabates (1.000 eyrw gia toys kapnistes kai ews 2.500 eyrw gia tis epixeirhseis).

Roymania: To kapnisma apagoreyetai se oloys toys eswterikoys dhmosioys xwroys. Mpar, estiatoria, klamp ypoxreoyntai na diaqetoyn jexwristoys xwroys gia kapnistes kai mh.

Slobakia: Apo to 1990 oi ergodotes ofeiloyn na apagoreyoyn to kapnisma se xwroys stoys opoioys ergazontai mh kapnistes. To kapnisma apagoreyetai se sxoleia, dhmosies yphresies ygeias kai koinwnikhs pronoias. Xwroi gia mh kapnistes einai ypoxrewtikoi mono, opoy serbiretai faghto.

Slobenia: Apo to 2007 apagoreyetai to kapnisma. Apo to nomo ejairoyntai oi anoixtoi koinoxrhstoi xwroi, dwmatia jenodoxeiwn, poy exoyn xarakthristei ws kapnistwn, eidikoi xwroi se kentra frontidas hlikiwmenwn kai fylakes, kaqws kai se eidikes aiqoyses se mpar, alla kai alla merh ergasias. Oi xwroi kapnismatos qa prepei na plhroyn aysthres texnikes prodiagrafes kai na mhn jepernoyn to 20% ths synolikhs egkatastashs.

Soyhdia: To kapnisma exei apagoreytei se estiatoria, kafeteries, mpar kai nyxterina kentra diaskedashs ton Ioynio toy 2005. Epitrepetai, wstoso, h dhmioyrgia jexwristwn xwrwn kapnizontwn, me thn proypoqesh oti den serbiretai faghto h poto kai den katalambanei perissotero apo 25% ths synolikhs epifaneias toy katasthmatos. Apo ton Ianoyario toy 2008 apagoreyetai to kapnisma kai stoys eswterikoys xwroys twn fylakwn.

Dhmokratia ths Tsexias: Epi toy parontos, yparxei enas nomos se isxy poy apagoreyei to kapnisma se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys, opws idrymata, nosokomeia, staseis lewforeiwn kai allwn meswn metaforas, alla o nomos den isxyei se estiatoria, mpar kai klamp. Ton Ioynio toy 2009 to koinoboylio egkrinei nomosxedio poy ryqmizei to kapnisma se dhmosioys xwroys. Wstoso, h monh allagh poy ginetai einai oti ypoxrewnei ta mpar kai ta estiatoria, opoy epitrepetai to kapnisma, na exoyn anarthmenh sxetikh pinakida.

Finlandia: Yparxei genikh apagoreysh apo thn 1h Ioynioy 2007. To kapnisma sta mpar kai ta trena ejakoloyqei na epitrepetai se kleistoys qalamoys, opoy, omws, apagoreyetai to serbirisma faghtoy kai potoy.

Meletes gia meiwsh kapnismatos

H ajiologhsh 35 meletwn sxetika me thn apotelesmatikothta twn politikwn gia thn apagoreysh toy kapnismatos katelhje sto symperasma oti, mesw genikwn nomoqetikwn diatajewn gia kaqaro aera stoys dhmosioys xwroys, o ariqmos twn kapnistwn sto synolo toy plhqysmoy mporei na meiwqei peripoy kata 10%. Epishs, apo thn ajiologhsh 26 meletwn se xwroys ergasias proekyce oti ekei, opoy apagoreyetai plhrws to kapnisma o ariqmos twn kapnistwn meiwqhke kata 3,8% kai o ariqmos twn tsigarwn, poy katanalwnan kaqhmerina ta atoma, poy ejakoloyqoysan na einai kapnistes, meiwqhke kata 3,1%.

H sxesh metajy ths genikhs apagoreyshs toy kapnismatos kai ths meiwshs toy energhtikoy kapnismatos exei epibebaiwqei apo stoixeia twn xwrwn, poy efarmozoyn to metro ayto, kai stis opoies h meiwsh twn pwlhsewn kapnoy (p.x. kata 8% sthn Italia kai 14% sth Norbhgia) synodeythke apo shmantikh ayjhsh twn prospaqeiwn gia thn apejarthsh apo to kapnisma, se mikro xroniko diasthma meta th qespish twn newn ryqmisewn. Sthn Irlandia 80% twn prwhn kapnistwn aneferan oti h nea nomoqesia apotelese to kinhtro gia na stamathsoyn to kapnisma, enw 88% dhlwsan oti o nomos toys bohqhse na mhn janarxisoyn. Paroti yphrxan anhsyxies oti qa symbei to antiqeto, h apagoreysh toy kapnismatos se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys fainetai oti eixe ws apotelesma na meiwqei to kapnisma sta spitia, eidika paroysia mikrwn paidiwn. Sthn Irlandia to pososto twn noikokyriwn mh kapnistwn ayjhqhke kata 8% apo tote, poy arxise na isxyei h apagoreysh.

Sthn antipera oxqh, episthmonikes meletes katedeijan oti h apagoreysh kapnismatos bohqhse toys Kalifornezoys kapnistes na egkataleicoyn th blaberh toys synhqeia. An kai to 1988, 23% twn katoikwn ths Kalifornias kapnizan, to 2006 to pososto ayto meiwqhke sto 13,1%.

Paromoia htan ta apotelesmata kai sthn Eyrwph. Sth Skotia oi pwlhseis tsigarwn meiwqhkan kata 8% to prwto etos ths apagoreyshs. H Irlandia eide mia ptwsh kata 5% toy ariqmoy twn kapnistwn apo thn kaqierwsh ths apagoreyshs to 2004, an kai 25 stoys 100 ejakoloyqoyn na kapnizoyn.

Eidikotera, ta stoixeia gia tis synepeies payshs toy kapnismatos, poy erxontai apo diafores gwnies ths ghraias hpeiroy, einai: Sth Gallia, toys prwtoys pente mhnes meta thn apagoreysh, katagrafhke meiwsh ths tajhs toy 15% sta emfragmata kai ta egkefalika epeisodia se prwhn kapnistes hlikiwn katw twn 65 xronwn, se sygkrish me thn antistoixh periodo toy prohgoymenoy etoys.

Sthn Agglia toys prwtoys mhnes meta thn apagoreysh toy kapnismatos (Ioylios 2007 - Aprilios 2008) diekocan to kapnisma 400.000 anqrwpoi kai katanalwqhkan 1,9 dis. ligotera tsigara (se sygkrish me thn antistoixh periodo ena xrono nwritera). Oi episthmones ypologizoyn pws 40.000 zwes prokeitai na swqoyn, sth xwra, mesa sthn epomenh dekaetia, logw ths apagoreyshs. Shmeiwnetai oti mono ton Ioylio toy 2007, prwto mhna ths apagoreyshs, oi pwlhseis tsigarwn sthn Agglia meiwqhkan kata 11%, se sxesh me ton Ioylio toy 2006.

Sth Skotia oi kardiakes prosboles shmeiwsan meiwsh ths tajhs toy 17% toys prwtoys deka mhnes ths apagoreyshs, h opoia efarmosthke ton Martio toy 2006. Thn periodo Ioylioy 2007 - Aprilioy 2008 poylhqhkan 220.000 ligotera tsigara, se sygkrish me to antistoixo diasthma ths prohgoymenhs xronias.

Sthn Irlandia o ariqmos twn kardiakwn prosbolwn meiwqhke kata 11% meta thn apagoreysh toy kapnismatos, poy epeblhqh to Martio toy 2004.

Telos, sthn Italia enan xrono meta thn efarmogh ths apagoreyshs, ton Ianoyario toy 2005, oi kapnistes eixan meiwqei kata 500.000. Parallhla, ta ojea stefaniaia epeisodia meiwqhkan kata 11,2% stis hlikies 35-64 kai kata 7,9% stis hlikies 65-74. Thn periodo metajy Ianoyarioy kai Noembrioy 2005 oi pwlhseis tsigarwn shmeiwsan ptwsh ths tajhs toy 5,7% se sxesh me to idio diasthma toy prohgoymenoy etoys

More details on the subscriber's page of APE-MPE | Subscription request form

[05] Erxetai h "ejypnh" karta

Meta thn synanthsh poy eixe me toys trapezites, o ypoyrgos Oikonomikwn G. Papakwnstantinoy eipe oti: "to ypoyrgeio kai genika h kybernhsh qeloyn na prowqhsoyn mia seira apo hlektronikes yphresies. Ena paradeigma exei na kanei me th xrhsh mias kartas, h opoia qa dinei th dynatothta ston polith na katagrafontai hlektronika oi synallages toy kai etsi na mhn xreiazetai na syllegei apodeijeis. Se ayto anoijame mia syzhthsh me thn Enwsh Ellhnikwn Trapezwn gia thn ylopoihsh enos systhmatos, poy qa dinei kata kapoio tropo ``pontoys'' se kaqe polith toys epomenoys mhnes, wste na mporesoyme to 2011 na pame se mia metabash ``hlektronikwn apodeijewn'' kai hlektronikwn yphresiwn".

"Qa xrhsimopoihqei h ypodomh twn legomenwn POS poy yparxoyn sta magazia, dhladh ta mhxanhmata me ta opoia pernane oi pistwtikes kai xrewstikes kartes kai qa eggrafontai etsi ston ``logariasmo'' toy polith oi ``pontoi'' apo tis apodeijeis poy exei. Kai etsi den qa xreiazetai na syllegei o idios apodeijeis", tonise o k. Papakwnstantinoy kai prosqese oti "me ton tropo ayto, emeis qa mporoyme na exoyme mia eikona toy tziroy se diaforetika magazia kai ayto na diastayrwnetai me ta stoixeia, ta opoia sth synexeia mas dinoyn oi epixeirhmaties. Taytoxrona, einai enas tropos na ejoikeiwqei o poliths me th logikh ths xrewstikhs kartas - poy einai diaforetikh apo thn pistwtikh karta - kati idiaitera xrhsimo, giati etsi pername olo kai perissotero sth mh xrhsh metrhtwn, poy einai aparaithto gia to ellhniko oikonomiko systhma".

Parallhla, symfwna me ton ypoyrgo Oikonomikwn, ena deytero paradeigma exei na kanei me th xrhsh tameiakwn mhxanwn, oi opoies qa einai syndedemenes me to trapeziko systhma, alla kai me th Genikh Grammateia Plhroforiakwn Systhmatwn, gia thn plhroforhsh se pragmatiko xrono twn synallagwn, wste to ypoyrgeio Oikonomikwn na exei eikona toy FPA, kati poy epishs xreiazetai kai einai mia kateyqynsh sthn opoia qeloyme na pame.

Pio aysthres oi poines gia forodiafygh

Pio aysthres ginontai oi poines gia forodiafygh symfwna me to nomosxedio gia thn peraiwsh poy katateqhke shmera sth Boylh. Metajy allwn, se ayto problepetai oti h mh ekdosh perissoterwn apo deka apodeijewn, ajias anw twn 500 eyrw qa odhgei se poinh loyketoy gia 48 wres ta katasthmata. Parallhla, me to nomosxedio meiwnontai drastika ta oria ths forodiafyghs panw apo ta opoia qa epiballetai h poinh fylakishs h kaqeirjhs enw prosdiorizetai ws armodio dikasthrio gia ta adikhmata ths forodiafyghs , plhmmelhmata h kakoyrghmata kata periptwsh to trimeles plhmmeleiodikeio h trimeles efeteio kakoyrghmatwn toy topoy ths edras toy forologoymenoy h ths epixeirhshs.

Oi nees poines ths eforias einai oi akoloyqes:

" fylakish efoson to pros apodosh poso toy kyrioy foroy, teloys h eisforas h to poso toy F.P.A. poy symchfisqhke h den apodoqhke h apodoqhke anakribws, anerxetai se ethsia bash ews to poso twn triwn xiliadwn (3.000) eyrw,

" fylakish toylaxiston enos etoys, efoson to pros apodosh poso toy kyrioy foroy, teloys h eisforas h to poso toy F.P.A. poy symchfisqhke h den apodoqhke h apodoqhke anakribws, anerxetai se ethsia bash apo to poso twn triwn xiliadwn (3.000) eyrw mexri to poso twn ebdomhnta pente xiliadwn (75.000) eyrw kai

" kaqeirjh mexri deka eth, efoson to ws anw poso yperbainei se ethsia bash ta ebdomhnta pente xiliades (75.000) eyrw.

" poinh fylakishs toylaxiston tessarwn mhnwn gia osoys den ekdidoyn h ekdidoyn anakribws ta problepomena stoixeia kata thn pwlhsh h diakinhsh agaqwn h thn paroxh yphresiwn h den kataxwroyn sta prosqeta biblia , tis synallages gia tis opoies den exoyn ekdoqei ta oikeia stoixeia esodwn.

Sto nomosxedio problepetai metajy allwn oti an apo to elegxo entopizetai mia epixeirhsh na mhn exei ekdwsei perissotera apo 10 parastatika h ajia twn opoiwn yperbainei ta 500 eyrw, tote h mhnythria anafora ypoballetai amesws me thn oloklhrwsh toy elegxoy kai zhteitai apo ton armodio eisaggelea h kata proteraiothta ekdikash ths ypoqeshs me bash ta porismata toy forologikoy elegxoy.

Epishs sthn periptwsh ayth h leitoyrgia toy katasthmatos, grafeioy, ergostasioy, ergasthrioy, apoqhkhs kai genika kaqe epaggelmatikhs egkatastashs toy ypoxreoy epaggelmatia, anastelletai amesa gia 48 wres, me prajh twn organwn poy dienergoyn ton elegxo kai h epaggelmatikh egkatastash sfragizetai me th syndromh ths astynomikhs arxhs, efoson zhthqei apo ta elegktika organa.

To nomosxedio gia thn peraiwsh

Elaxista posa foroy apo 300 ews 1.000 eyrw ana xrhsh - xamhlotera apo to arxiko sxedio - qa katabaloyn epixeirhseis kai epaggelmaties gia to kleisimo twn anelegktwn ypoqesewn toys. Ayto problepei metajy allwn to nomosxedio gia thn peraiwsh twn ekkremwn ypoqesewn sto opoio problepetai akomh eynoikh ryqmish gia thn katabolh twn lhjiproqesmwn ofeilwn twn forologoymenwn, ryqmiseis gia thn aposbesh ths ajias twn adeiwn kykloforias twn forthgwn dhmosias xrhshs kaqws kai aysthroteres poines gia forodiafygh.

To nomosxedio se oti afora thn peraiwsh twn ekkremwn forologikwn ypoqesewn problepei oxi mono xamhlotera elaxista posa ana xrhsh alla kai meiwsh ths prokatabolhs toy foroy sto 20% opws kai ayjhsh twn dosewn katabolhs se 24 apo 12 poy proeblepe to sxedio poy eixe katateqei se diaboyleysh. Parallhla dinei th dynatothta se osoys taktopoihsoyn to synolo twn ypoqesewn toys na katastrecoyn ta biblia toys apo th xrhsh toy 2005 kai prohgoymena.

Se oti afora tis lhjiproqesmes ofeiles problepei th dynatothta apoplhrwmhs toys se ews kai 45 mhniaies doseis me apallagh sthn periptwsh ayth toy 50% twn prosayjhsewn. Oi prosayjhseis mhdenizontai an to poso ths ofeilhs katablhqei efapaj.

Adiko xarakthrizei h ND to metro ths peraiwshs kai dhlwnei oti qa to chfisei mono sthn periptwsh, poy h kybernhsh den epibalei nea eispraktika metra.

H peraiwsh kineitai pros th swsth kateyqynsh. Xreiazetai omws na yparjei taytoxronws mia dikaiwsh kai ekeinwn poy yphrjan olh aythn thn periodo forologikws enhmeroi, dhlwse o G. Karatzaferhs.

H prowqoymenh peraiwsh synista omologia apotyxias sygkrothshs ajiopistoy foroelegktikoy mhxanismoy, epibrabeysh twn megaloforofygadwn, empaigmo kai nea epibarynsh gia osoys einai forologika synepeis, tonizei o SYN.

"H peraiwsh poy prowqoyme emeis kai qa chfisoyme den exei kamia sxesh me to parelqon, den epiteinei th forologikh sarqrothta" ypogramise shmera o kybernhtikos ekproswpos kai shmeiwse oti me tis ryqmiseis poy perilambanontai den qa yparxei h antikeimenikh dynatothta gia na yparjei jana peraiwsh.

Anaforika me th ``dysareskeia'' poy ejefrasan boyleytes toy PASOK gia thn peraiwsh, o k. Petalwths tonise oti h kybernhsh toys qewrei kai toys antimetwpizei ws aytonomes politikes proswpikothtes kai prosqese oti aytes oi syzhthseis einai to ``ojygono'' ths politikhs zwhs.

Shmeiwse de oti den tiqetai qema kommatikhs peiqarxias gia thn chfoforia epi toy nomosxedioy kai shmeiwse oti ``oi boyleytes ekfrasthkan opws eprepe sthn epitroph Oikonomikwn Ypoqesewn ki emeis ayth thn ekfrash th sebomaste kai thn parotrynoyme kiolas''.

Symfwno reystothtas

Symfwnia pente shmeiwn yphrje metajy ths kybernhshs kai toy proedreioy ths Ellhnikhs Enwshs Trapezwn (EET), me stoxo th dioxeteysh prosqeths reystothtas sthn agora kai thn enisxysh ths anaptyjhs, alla kai th beltiwsh toy mhxanismoy twn forologikwn elegxwn. H symfwnia epeteyxqh kata th synanthsh, sto ypoyrgeio Oikonomikwn, twn ypoyrgwn Oikonomikwn Giwrgoy Papakwnstantinoy kai Perifereiakhs Anaptyjhs kai Antagwnistikothtas Mixalh Xrysoxoidh me to proedreio ths EET.

More details on the subscriber's page of APE-MPE | Subscription request form

Athens News Agency: News in ASCII Greek Directory - Previous Article - Next Article