[01] "Apaiteitai nea forologikh syneidhsh"

Opws anefere o k. Papandreoy, mexri twra h prospaqeia ayth proxwra me epityxia, wstoso, opws parathrhse, h epityxia ayth qa sfragistei apo tis megales allages, poy prepei na prowqhqoyn se kaqe tomea kai prepei na beltiwnoyn thn kaqhmerinh zwh toy polith, thn prooptikh kai to mellon toy.

O G. A. Papandreoy anaferqhke sto qema ths peraiwshs forologikwn ypoqesewn, tonizontas oti ola ayta ta xronia to forologiko systhma leitoyrgoyse me ejofqalmh plhmmeleia kai anoxh sth forodiafygh.

Ayth th stigmh, prosqese, yparxoyn 2,5 ekat.anelegktes xrhseis, fainomeno gia to opoio apedwse thn eyqynh sxedon apokleistika sthn Politeia.

Aytos einai o logos, tonise, gia ton opoio prepei na ginei mia nea arxh, na diamorfwqei mia nea forologikh syneidhsh kai na yparjei mia nea forologikh antilhch.

Ayth h allagh, opws eipe, ginetai gia na allajoyme thn dysbastaxth klhronomia enos amartwloy parelqontos, meros toy opoioy einai oi anelegktes ypoqeseis.

Anaferomenos sth dyskolia ekkaqarishs olwn aytwn twn ypoqesewn, o k. Papandreoy tonise oti kanenas forologikos mhxanismos, oyte o pio artios den qa mporoyse na ekkaqarisei apotelesmatika kai me diafanh tropo toses polles ypoqeseis se mikro xroniko diasthma.

O prwqypoyrgos epanelabe th systash toy pros ta melh ths kybernhshs na mhn taytizontai me to ypoyrgeio toys kai toys zhthse na diamorfwsoyn ena sygkekrimeno xronodiagramma twn megalwn proteraiothtwn poy tiqentai apo kaqe ypoyrgeio.

Prepei, opws tonise, h kybernhsh na doylecei me desmeytika xronodiagrammata kai zhthse, epishs, kaqe ypoyrgeio na mhn fernei apospasmatika kapoio qema sto Ypoyrgiko Symboylio, alla na paroysiazei th synolikh politikh toy, h opoia kai qa anadeiknyetai dhmosia.

Idiaiterh emfash edwse o prwqypoyrgos sthn epikoinwniakh diaxeirish twn kybernhtikwn drasewn, tonizontas oti o stoxos einai h megistopoihsh toy apotelesmatos twn kybernhtikwn prwtoboyliwn.

Gi'ayto, opws tonise, prepei o programmatismos kai to apotelesma na anadeiknyontai mesa apo mia kentrikh dieyqynsh poy qa anadeiknyei ola ta qetika stoixeia, ta opoia prowqei to kaqe ypoyrgeio.

Anaferqhke kai sta nomosxedia toy ypoyrgeioy Dikaiosynhs poy afora sth ryqmish dioikhtikwn kai poinikwn ypoqesewn poy ekkremoyn sta dikasthria, tonizontas oti oi kaqysterhseis poy parathroyntai sthn ekdikash aytwn twn ypoqesewn dhmioyrgoyn thn aisqhsh ths atimwrhsias otan o ellhnikos laos zhta dikaia thn eynomia.

Kai h kaqysterhsh ayth exei parenergeies toso sthn oikonomia oso kai sthn koinwnikh leitoyrgia ths xwras, eipe.

O prwqypoyrgos anaferqhke stis xqesines anakoinwseis poy eginan stoys Delfoys kai aforoyn stis allages sthn Tritobaqmia Ekpaideysh opoy, opws tonise, "kaname mia ekkinhsh" kai prosqese oti exoyme kaqe dynatothta na oikodomhsoyme ena systhma, poy mas ajizei kai antapokrinetai stis anagkes ths epoxhs.

Anefere epishs oti oi ektaktes kai dramatikes synqhkes poy yparxoyn olo ayto to diasthma sth xwra, den epetrecan polles fores na diejaxqei h ektenhs diaboyleysh poy qa hqele o idios prin lhfqei opoiadhpote apofash. Tonise pantws oti ayth h diaboyleysh qa einai syxnoterh oso qa beltiwnontai oi synqhkes.

Sxoliase epishs tis dhlwseis toy arxhgoy ths ND Antwnh Samara peri mhdenismoy toy elleimmatos, xarakthrizontas ton idio kai ta stelexh ths ND, maqhteyomenoys magoys, oi opoioi, omws, me tis prajeis toys eyqynontai gia ta shmerina elleimmata. Emeis, tonise, synexizoyme me sobarothta kai milame me prajeis poy allazoyn thn Ellada. Kai prosqese oti sto dilhmma twn newn na fygoyn h na meinoyn sth xwra, h kybernhsh apanta oti prepei na meinoyn gia na allajoyn th xwra.

O prwqypoyrgos anaferqhke en syntomia sthn episkech toy stis Hnwmenes Politeies kai stis synanthseis poy eixe ekei, tonizontas oti yphrje poly qetikh antapokrish se o,ti afora sthn prospaqeia poy kanei h xwra gia na bgei apo thn oikonomikh krish kai na prowqhsei megales allages.

Anaferomenos eidikotera sto zhthma ths onomasias ths PGDM, o k. Papandreoy epeshmane thn apoysia toy prwqypoyrgoy ths geitonos apo th Genikh syneleysh toy OHE kai anefere oti h ellhnikh pleyra perimene oti o k. Gkroyefski qa htan parwn. Kai ayto, opws eipe, qa htan mia eykairia na prowqhqei to qema ths onomasias. Den lew,tonise,oti qa lyname to qema alla qa mporoysame na to prowqhsoyme kai prosqese oti h Ellada einai panta etoimh kai exei th boylhsh na prowqhsei to qema gia thn ejeyresh mias amoibaia apodekths lyshs.

Peraiwsh me perissoteres doseis

Mikroterh prokatabolh kai perissoteres doseis qa problepei to nomosxedio gia thn peraiwsh twn ekkremwn forologikwn ypoqesewn poy anamenetai na katateqei ayrio sth Boylh se sxesh me to arxiko sxedio poy eixe doqei sth dhmosiothta thn perasmenh ebdomada. H apofash ayth parqhke apo to Ypoyrgiko Symboylio poy synedriase gia to qema ths peraiwshs.

Analytikotera, symfwna me to ypoyrgeio Oikonomikwn, h prokatabolh gia thn peraiwsh qa anelqei sto 20% toy synolikoy posoy, enanti 25% poy problepontan sto arxiko sxedio.

Oi doseis apo 12 qa ayjhqoyn stis 24, enw opws dieykrinizetai den anamenetai na allajoyn ta elaxista posa gia to kleisimo twn ypoqesewn.

Parallhla qa ejairoyntai apo thn peraiwsh osoi exoyn kanei aytoperaiwsh ews to 2007 me ejairesh to deigma elegxoy enw gia ta eth 2008 kai 2009 stis periptwseis aytoperaiwshs qa problepetai peraiwsh me thn katabolh toy 50% apo ta elaxista problepomena posa.

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[02] Akarph h synanthsh

Sth diarkeia ths synanthshs oi ekproswpoi toy Emporikoy kai epixeirhmatikoy kosmoy epanelaban thn ekklhsh na anastaloyn oi kinhtopoihseis gia mia ebdomada wste na parei "anasa" h agora poy hdh asfyktia apo thn elleich proiontwn kai timh diakinhshs twn agaqwn.

Oi ekproswpoi twn metaforewn dhlwsan oti qa synelqoyn kai pali apoce oi ennea proedroi twn omospondiwn apo olh thn Ellada prokeimenoy na paroyn apofash.

Apo thn pleyra ths kybernhshs pantws jekaqaristhke oti den tiqetai qema synanthshs twn metaforewn kai twn emporwn me ton prwqypoyrgo kai h qesh poy diatypwnetai apo epishma xeilh einai oti to nomosxedio chfisthke, einai pleon nomos toys kratoys kai osoi ton parabiazoyn qa ypostoyn tis problepomenes poinikes kai dioikhtikes kyrwseis.

Ejalloy, h Eyrwpaikh Epitroph prosefyge shmera epishmws sto Dikasthrio twn Eyrwpaikwn Koinothtwn zhtwntas toy na anagnwrisei oti h Ellada me thn epibolh periorismwn sthn ekdosh twn adeiwn kykloforias twn oxhmatwn dhmosias xrhsews kai twn idiwtikwn bytioforwn, parabiazei to arqro 49 ths Synqhkhs gia th Leitoyrgia ths Eyrwpaikhs Enwshs, to opoio afora thn eleyqeria egkatastashs twn epixeirhsewn.

Sto metajy, den eleican kai shmera ta epeisodia, kaqws omada metaforewn empodise to prwi 20 kai pleon forthga na epibibastoyn se ploia, metaferontas emporeymata sta nhsia. Thn idia wra entash epikrathse kai sto mploko ths Metamorfwshs, otan orismenoi idiokthtes qelhsan na paroyn ta oxhmata toys gia na doylecoyn kai alloi synadelfoi toys, toys parempodisan me apotelesma na xreiastei h parembash ths astynomias.

Sto Aytofwro odhgeitai o 65xronos metaforeas o opoios dagkwse sto xeri Tajiarxo ths ellhnikhs astynomias, to meshmeri kata th diarkeia epeisodiwn sto Kentro Lymatwn, sth Metamorfwsh.

Ta epeisodia shmeiwqhkan otan omada idiokthtwn forthgwn apekleisan thn eisodo toy Kentroy Lymatwn kai empodizan ta bytiofora na adeiasoyn ta lymata.

Sto shmeio metebhsan astynomikes dynameis me epikefalhs to dieyqynth astynomias boreioanatolikhs Attikhs, Tajiarxo Fwth Zoympoylh kai apwqhsan toys metaforeis me apotelesma na ginei symplokh.

Kata th diarkeia toy epeisodioy enas apo toys metaforeis dagkwse sto xeri ton tajiarxo sthn prospaqeia toy na jefygei alla den ta katafere gi'ayto kai qa odhghqei sth dikaiosynh mazi me to gio toy o opoios epixeirhse na ton apeleyqerwsei.

O tajiarxos metebh sto nosokomeio opoy toy parasxeqhkan oi prwtes bohqeies kai farmakeytikh agwgh.

Parembash Samara

Parembash sto qema poy exei prokycei me tis kinhtopoihseis aytokinhtistwn kai ton anefodiasmo ths agoras, ekane shmera o proedros ths ND Antwnhs Samaras.

O k. Samaras ekane ekklhsh stoys idiokthtes twn forthgwn na anasteiloyn tis kinhtopoihseis toys, kai parallhla, ekane ekklhsh ston prwqypoyrgo na dwsei megalyterh metabatikh periodo wste na ektonwqei h krish, dhladh opws ejhghse, na kanei h kybernhsh estw kai me kaqysterhsh ayto poy proteine h ND apo thn arxh.

O k. Samaras epiteqhke kai sthn kybernhsh, legontas: "epishmainw th diafora anamesa sth dikh mas antipoliteytikh stash, thn ypeyqynh kai ekeinh toy PASOK prin apo ena xrono otan o shmerinos prwqypoyrgos katebaine ston Peiraia kai emfanizotan ws qyma twn dakrygonwn, poy shmera bebaia peftoyn me dikh toy entolh".

Katalhgontas, o k. Samaras anefere: "kanw ekklhsh na prytaneysei h logikh apo oles tis pleyres shmera oxi ayrio, giati to emporio exei fqasei sta oria toy kai den antexei allo ayth thn katastash".

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[03] "Shmantikes allages"

"Ypotimoyn ta problhmata"

O proedros ths Eyrwpaikhs Kentrikhs Trapezas, Zan-Klont Trise, yposthrije shmera oti oi eyrwpaikes xwres "ypotimoysan monimws" thn ektash twn dhmosionomikwn problhmatwn toys kai den ekanan arketa pragmata gia na ta antimetwpisoyn.

"Yparxei mia monimh ypotimhsh toy ti einai aparaithto se ayton ton tomea, kyriws entos ths eyrwzwnhs", synexise o Trise, kanontas logo gia mia "parajenh ypotimhsh" apo tis eyrwpaikes xwres toy eyroys twn problhmatwn toys kai ths odoy poy prepei na akoloyqhsoyn gia na diorqwsoyn ta dhmosia oikonomika toys. Twra omws, meta thn krish poy perase h eyrwzwnh thn perasmenh anoijh, "oloi gnwrizoyme oti einai shmantiko" na energhsoyn sebomenoi ta eyrwpaika krithra oson afora to xreos kai to dhmosio elleima, prosqese.

O Zan Klont Trise taxqhke ejalloy yper ths enisxyshs toso toy prolhptikoy oso kai toy apotreptikoy skeloys toy Symfwnoy Staqerothtas. Eidikotera anefere oti oi kyrwseis kata twn xwrwn poy den lambanoyn ta anagkaia metra gia th meiwsh toso toy xreoys oso kai toy elleimmatos qa prepei na exoyn aytomato xarakthra kai oti oi kyrwseis aytes qa mporoyn na akyrwnontai mono sthn periptwsh poy symfwnhsei se ayto h pleiochfia twn xwrwn ths EE.

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[04] Me texnologia ths arxaiothtas

H dynatothta xrhshs istorikwn systhmatwn ydromasteyshs, dhladh tropoy sygkentrwshs neroy, gia thn ydrodothsh perioxwn ths Boreias Elladas, einai sto stoxastro meleths poy ekponeitai apo to Aristoteleio Panepisthmio, se synergasia me to panepisthmio toy Potsdam Germanias kai th symmetoxh toy kaqhghth toy panepisthmioy toy Salzburg H. Weingartner. Episthmonikos ypeyqynos toy programmatos einai o kaqhghths sto Tmhma Gewlogias toy APQ, Mixalhs Babelidhs, o opoios, milwntas sto APE-MPE, tonise oti oi mexri twra ereynes, edeijan oti h xrhsh twn kanat poy melethqhkan "einai dynath, xwris megales texnikes tropopoihseis".

Symfwna me istorikes phges, o anqrwpos sthn prospaqeia toy na ejoikonomhsei to aparaithto nero gia thn epibiwsh toy, idiaitera se xwres me megalh jhrasia, xrhsimopoihse kata kairoys diafores meqodoys ydreyshs kai ardeyshs. Polles apo tis meqodoys aytes xaqhkan me thn parodo toy xronoy h antikatastaqhkan me thn anaptyjh ths texnologias. Ena apo ta systhmata ydromasteyshs poy xrhsimopoihqhkan sto xwro ths Mesogeioy edw kai 2.500 xronia apoteloyn ta kanat.

Me ton oro Qanat (arabikos oros) h Kariz (iranikos oros), ennooyme, opws anaferei sthn meleth toy o k. Babelidhs, ena systhma ypogeiwn agwgwn (stown), me thn bohqeia twn opoiwn ginetai ydromasteysh toy ypogeioy ydroforoy orizonta. Me th meqodo ayth, to nero akoloyqei th fysikh klish toy edafoys kai ejerxetai sthn epifaneia. H lejh Qanat proerxetai apo thn arxaioshmitikh lejh gano ki ayth apo thn arxaioellhnikh kanna, kai th latinikh canna. Sth lejh gano anagontai akomh oi lejeis Kannal, Kendel h Kandel, channel k.lp.

Systhmata Kanat (Qanat) mporei na synanthsei kapoios, shmera, sxedon se oles tis xwres toy Persikoy Kolpoy, sto Afganistan, to Pakistan, th Syria, th Libyh mexri thn Ellada kai thn Ispania, th dytikh Kina, kaqws epishs sth boreia kai th notia Amerikh. Kata toys istorikoys xronoys, ta systhmata ayta htan poly shmantika sthn topikh ydreysh kai anaptyxqhkan kyriws se perioxes me jhro klima, opoy den yparxoyn potamoi gia na kalyptoyn tis anagkes se posimo nero olo to xrono. Akomh, stis perioxes aytes, to pososto ejatmishs, logw twn ychlwn qermokrasiwn, einai toso ychlo, poy den einai dynath h ydreysh kai ardeysh gia megales apostaseis mesw epifaneiakwn (kanaliwn) systhmatwn.

Thn palaioterh egkatastash ypogeias ydromasteyshs (ydrodothshs) ston elladiko xwro apo ton 6o p.X. aiwna, h opoia perigrafetai apo ton Hrodoto, apotelei to orygma toy Eypalinoy, sth Samo. H texnikh ydromasteyshs twn Kanat anaptyxqhke arxika apo toys Perses, oi opoioi xrhsimopoihsan th meqodo ayth se megalh klimaka kai diadoqhke argotera sth boreio Afrikh kai thn Arabikh Xersonhso.

Ston ellhniko xwro, h ydromasteysh kai genika h metafora neroy kata thn arxaiothta, ginotan stis perissoteres ellhnikes poleis, me ypogeies egkatastaseis, paromoies m' aytes twn kanat. Spoydaia kataskeyh analoghs texnotropias qewreitai, gia ton ellhniko xwro, to Adrianeio ydragwgeio, poy xrhsimopoihqhke epi 2.000 xronia gia thn ydreysh ths Aqhnas.

Sto boreioelladiko xwro, h meqodos ardeyshs - ydreyshs twn kanat efarmosthke sthn eparxia Fyllidos kata thn Oqwmanikh periodo opote kai egine, gia prwth fora, mazikh ekmetalleysh toy ypogeioy ydroforoy orizonta stoys notioys propodes toy oroys Menoikioy kai stoys boreioys propodes toy oroys Paggaioy, trofodotwntas me nero, apo to xrono kataskeyhs toys mexri shmera, oloys sxedon toys oikismoys ths eparxias.

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[05] Chfiopoihsh xeirografwn

Ta xeirografa, ta opoia diatiqentai dwrean sthn istoselida www.bl.uk/manuscripts anhkoyn se mia, symfwna me th biblioqhkh, apo tis pio shmantikes sylloges poy yparxoyn ektos Ellados gia th meleth twn perissoterwn apo 2.000 etwn toy ellhnikoy politismoy.

H biblioqhkh exei ena synolo anw twn 1.000 ellhnikwn xeirografwn, anw twn 3.000 ellhnikwn papyrwn kai mia ploysia syllogh ths prwimhs ellhnikhs typografias.

Ta xeirografa ayta periexoyn plhrofories gia logioys poy ergasthkan panw sth logotexnia, thn istoria, thn episthmh, th qrhskeia, th filosofia kai thn texnh ths Anatolikhs Mesogeioy kata thn Klasikh kai th Byzantinh Periodo.

"Ayto einai akribws o,ti prosdokoyme oloi apo th nea texnologia, alla toso spania pairnoyme", dhlwse h Meri Mpernt, kaqhghtria Klasikwn Spoydwn sto Panepisthmio toy Kempritz sxetika me thn prwtoboylia ayth, h opoia xrhmatodothqhke apo to Idryma Stayros Niarxos.

"Anoigei mia polytimh phgh plhroforiwn se oloys - apo toys eidikoys ews aytoys poy exoyn mia periergeia - opoydhpote ston kosmo, dwrean", proseqese.

Prokeitai gia thn pio prosfath prwtoboylia ths biblioqhkhs gia na apokthsei prosbash to eyrytero koino se arxaia kai spania eggrafa.

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