RFE/RL Newsline, Vol. 3, No. 214, 99-11-03

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RFE/RL NEWSLINE

Vol. 3, No. 214, 3 November 1999

CONTENTS

[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

[01] ARMENIAN PARLIAMENT ELECTS NEW SPEAKER

[02] KHACHATRIAN PLEDGES CONTINUITY, STABILITY

[03] OSCE NOTES VIOLATIONS DURING GEORGIAN ELECTION...

[04] ...AS DO INDEPENDENT MONITORS

[05] GEORGIA, RUSSIA OFFER CONTRADICTORY REPORTS OF CHECHEN BORDER

[06] SUSPECT IN ASSASSINATION BID EXTRADITED TO GEORGIA

[07] RUSSIA PLAYS DOWN POSSIBLE DAMAGE FROM ROCKET EXPLOSION OVER

[08] ...AS LOCAL RESIDENTS PROTEST

[09] REPEAT ELECTIONS CALLED IN THREE KAZAKH CONSTITUENCIES

[10] KAZAKHSTAN'S PRESIDENT DENIES HAVING FOREIGN PROPERTY, BANK

[11] TAJIK OPPOSITION PARTY URGES BOYCOTT OF PRESIDENTIAL POLL...

[12] ...AS EU EXPRESSES CONCERN

[13] TURKMENISTAN GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION DELAYED?

[14] RUSSIA WARNS AGAINST 'POLITICIZING' PIPELINE ROUTES

[B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

[15] MONTENEGRO INTRODUCES GERMAN MARK...

[16] ...WHILE U.S. EXPRESSES 'UNDERSTANDING'...

[17] ...AND MOST YUGOSLAV OFFICIALS KEEP QUIET

[18] STUDENTS DEMONSTRATE IN BELGRADE

[19] SERBIAN OPPOSITION PARTIES ASK EU TO LIFT SOME SANCTIONS

[20] YUGOSLAV AUTHORITIES RELEASE BRITISH CORRESPONDENT

[21] STABILITY PACT COORDINATOR CALLS FOR 'RESTRUCTURED'

[22] U.S. DIPLOMAT CALLS FOR AN END TO ANTI-SERB VIOLENCE IN

[23] DEL PONTE URGES ARRESTS OF MORE WAR CRIMES SUSPECTS...

[24] ...WHILE ADAMS ANNOUNCES REDUCTION IN SFOR TROOPS

[25] TUPURKOVSKI OFFERS TO STEP DOWN OVER ELECTION RESULT

[26] IMF GIVES ALBANIA POSITIVE ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT

[27] ALBANIAN POLICE CONDUCT BORDER AREA SWEEP

[28] ROMANIAN SUPREME COURT QUERIES LAW ON ACCESS TO SECURITATE

[29] MOLDOVAN PARLIAMENTARY CHAIRMAN CRITICIZES LUCINSCHI

[30] BULGARIAN PREMIER IN FRANCE

[C] END NOTE

[31] MONITORS EVALUATE UKRAINIAN ELECTIONS

[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

[01] ARMENIAN PARLIAMENT ELECTS NEW SPEAKER

session on 2 November, deputies elected People's Party member

Armen Khachatrian as parliamentary speaker, RFE/RL's Yerevan

bureau reported. Khachatrian formerly headed the

parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs. Gagik Aslanian,

who is also a member of the People's Party, and Tigran

Torosian of the Republican Party were elected deputy

speakers. All three candidacies were endorsed by a large

majority of deputies. Republican Party chairman Andranik

Markarian, who had been tipped for the speaker's post,

proposed all three candidacies, explaining that leaders of

all factions in the parliament had decided unanimously that

it is important to observe the status quo, whereby the

speaker and one of his deputies are members of the People's

Party and the second deputy speaker a member of the

Republican Party, according to Noyan Tapan. Those two parties

constitute the majority Miasnutiun parliament faction. LF

[02] KHACHATRIAN PLEDGES CONTINUITY, STABILITY

deputies prior to the vote on the three candidacies,

Khachatrian vowed that "all programs that were envisaged by

[the assassinated leaders] will be put into practice by all

of us," RFE/RL's Yerevan bureau reported. He called for a

multi-partisan effort to maintain political stability and

help the country recover from the aftermath of last week's

murders of the prime minister and parliament speaker.

President Robert Kocharian told the session that the support

shown for the three candidates demonstrates that the

parliament is capable of discharging its basic functions in

accordance with the constitution, which in turn suggests that

"democracy is becoming stronger in our country," according to

Noyan Tapan. Kocharian said that within the next few days, he

will name a new premier and cabinet, which, he said, should

enjoy the support of the parliamentary majority. LF

[03] OSCE NOTES VIOLATIONS DURING GEORGIAN ELECTION...

preliminary assessment, the OSCE Election Observer Mission

termed the 31 October Georgian parliamentary poll "a step

toward Georgia's compliance with OSCE commitments," according

to Caucasus Press on 3 November, but it failed to endorse the

voting as free and fair. The statement said that voters were

generally able to express their will and that the elections

laws provided an adequate framework for genuine multi-party

elections. At the same time, it noted that local officials in

several districts violated the procedures envisaged for the

vote count. Conduct of the poll was termed good in Tbilisi

but less than satisfactory in Samtskhe-Djavakheti and Kvemo

Kartli (which have large Armenian and Azerbaijani minorities,

respectively) and unsatisfactory in Adjaria. The assessment

said that the "heated competition" between political parties

during the run-up to the poll confirms the existence of

political pluralism, but it added that the tone of the

campaign "went beyond acceptable limits." The statement also

noted instances of election-related violence and

intimidation. LF

[04] ...AS DO INDEPENDENT MONITORS

independent Fair Elections group, told AP on 2 November that

the 31 October elections "can be called multi-party but they

weren't democratic." Ivanidze said that observers were barred

from watching the ballot box at some polling stations and

that 15,000 ballot papers vanished from one Tbilisi polling

station hours before the vote began. Labor Party leader

Shalva Natelashvili told Caucasus Press on 2 November that

contrary to official preliminary returns, his party achieved

the 7 percent minimum required for representation in the new

parliament. Irakli Batiashvili, one of the leaders of the

Industry Will Save Georgia bloc, claimed that the bloc polled

20 percent of the total party-list vote. According to

official statistics, the two election subjects received 6.85

and 6.75 percent of the vote. LF

[05] GEORGIA, RUSSIA OFFER CONTRADICTORY REPORTS OF CHECHEN BORDER

The director of Georgia's Border Guards, Valerii

Chkheidze, met with his Russian counterpart, Konstantin

Totskii, in Moscow on 2 November to discuss the possibility

of jointly protecting the border between Georgia and

Chechnya. ITAR-TASS quoted Chkheidze as saying that he and

Totskii agreed on the deployment of Russian border guards

along that stretch of the Russian-Georgian border to prevent

the infiltration of mercenaries into Chechnya from Georgian

territory. But Interfax quoted Totskii as saying that

Chkheidze rejected the possibility of a joint force to

protect the border, which, he said, will be guarded solely by

Georgian detachments. Totskii added, however, that a Russian

contingent will travel to the border shortly to inspect

conditions there. He said that inclement weather is likely to

render that mountain sector of the border impassable within

the next few weeks. LF

[06] SUSPECT IN ASSASSINATION BID EXTRADITED TO GEORGIA

Chukhua, whom the Georgian authorities have identified as one

of the 12 men who participated in the failed bid to

assassinate Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze in

February 1998, was extradited to Georgia from North Ossetia

on 2 November. He was apprehended by Russian police on

suspicion of involvement in the bomb explosion in

Vladikavkaz's central market earlier this year (see "RFE/RL

Newsline," 27 September and 20 October 1999). Russian

investigators have established that Chukhua served as

commander of a detachment of the Georgian National Guard

under President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, according to Interfax. LF

[07] RUSSIA PLAYS DOWN POSSIBLE DAMAGE FROM ROCKET EXPLOSION OVER

Russian Deputy Premier Ilya Klebanov told

journalists on 2 November that Moscow will not pressure

Kazakhstan to lift the temporary ban imposed on the launch of

Proton rockets from the Baikonur cosmodrome following the

explosion of one such rocket shortly after blastoff on 27

October, Interfax reported (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 29 October

1999). But Klebanov added that it is unlikely that Moscow

will pay compensation for the disaster, as it occurred at a

high altitude over an unpopulated area and there is little

risk of contamination from toxic heptyl rocket fuel.

Kazakhstan's Prime Minister Qasymzhomart Toqaev had said last

week that Astana will probably demand a larger sum in

compensation than it had received after a similar explosion

in July. On 2 November, Toqaev told reporters that last

week's explosion had damaged bilateral relations, Reuters

reported. LF

[08] ...AS LOCAL RESIDENTS PROTEST

village in Qaraghandy Oblast staged a demonstration on 1

November to demand the closure of the Baikonur cosmodrome,

RFE/RL's Kazakh Service reported. The region was contaminated

with heptyl rocket fuel following the July Proton rocket

explosion. The protestors claim that toxic fuel was also

spilled after last week's explosion. LF

[09] REPEAT ELECTIONS CALLED IN THREE KAZAKH CONSTITUENCIES

member of Kazakhstan's Central Electoral Commission said on 2

November that the results of the 24 October runoff elections

in three constituencies have been annulled because of

unspecified violations by candidates or their supporters,

Reuters reported. She added that the chief electoral

officials in those districts have been dismissed. The

districts in question are in the city of Atyrau and in

Dzhambyl and South Kazakhstan Oblasts. Kazakhstan's election

law bans the original candidates from running in the repeat

elections, for which no date has been set. Meanwhile, Orleu

(Progress) Party leader Seydakhmet Quttyqadam has brought a

court case against Almaty City Mayor Viktor Khrapunov, whom

he accuses of fraud during the 10 and 24 October

parliamentary votes, RFE/RL's correspondent in the former

capital reported on 2 November. LF

[10] KAZAKHSTAN'S PRESIDENT DENIES HAVING FOREIGN PROPERTY, BANK

Nursultan Nazarbaev told the state-owned Khabar

news agency on 2 November that he neither owns property

abroad nor has any foreign bank accounts, Interfax reported.

The "New York Times" reported last month that Swiss

investigators had discovered an account they believed was

used by Nazarbaev (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 19 October 1999).

LF

[11] TAJIK OPPOSITION PARTY URGES BOYCOTT OF PRESIDENTIAL POLL...

November, the Islamic Renaissance Party, which is the senior

partner in that umbrella grouping, issued a statement the

next day calling for a boycott of the 6 November presidential

election, AP reported. Economics and Foreign Trade Minister

Davlat Usmon, who was registered as a presidential candidate

of the Islamic Renaissance Party, formally requested last

week that his registration be annulled as he had failed to

collect the required number of signatures in his support.

Usmon also demanded that the poll be postponed. ITAR-TASS on

2 November quoted Central Electoral Commission Chairman

Mirzoali Boltuev as saying that ballot papers with the names

of incumbent President Imomali Rakhmonov and Usmon have

already been sent to all electoral districts. LF

[12] ...AS EU EXPRESSES CONCERN

November by the German Embassy in Dushanbe, the EU expressed

concern that incumbent Imomali Rakhmonov is the sole

candidate for the 6 November presidential poll, AP reported.

The statement said that candidates should be able to propose

their candidacies "on a free and fair basis" and that "the

electorate must have a choice." LF

[13] TURKMENISTAN GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION DELAYED?

operator of the planned Trans-Caspian gas export pipeline

from Turkmenistan to Baku, and PSG's upstream partner, Shell,

told journalists in Ashgabat on 2 November after talks with

Turkmenistan's President Saparmurat Niyazov that construction

of the pipeline will not begin before the end of 2000 and

will take two years, Interfax reported. Meeting with Niyazov

the same day, Iran's Deputy Petroleum Minister Mehdi Hashemi

Bahramani said Iran is prepared to import 8-11 billion cubic

meters of gas annually from Turkmenistan. Iran currently

receives some 2 billion cubic meters of gas via the

Korpedzhe- Kurt Kui pipeline in payment for Iranian

infrastructure construction. LF

[14] RUSSIA WARNS AGAINST 'POLITICIZING' PIPELINE ROUTES

Ankara, Russia's Ambassador Aleksandr Lebedev told Interfax

on 2 November that politicizing "purely commercial deals" to

build pipelines to transport gas to Turkey is "ruinous,"

Interfax reported. The Blue Stream pipeline to export Russian

natural gas to Turkey is expected to be completed by early

2001. LF

[B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

[15] MONTENEGRO INTRODUCES GERMAN MARK...

government on 2 November introduced the German mark as its

second legal currency (see "RFE/R" Newsline," November 1999).

Montenegrin President Milo Djukanovic and other officials

from the republic said Montenegro was forced to take the step

to protect itself from bad monetary policy and instability in

neighboring Serbia. Montenegrin Prime Minister Filip

Vujanovic said the move has "absolutely nothing to do" with

"destructive" measures such as "secession," Radio Montenegro

reported on 2 November. Meanwhile, Djukanovic said the move

will "increase the time span" during which Montenegro can

wait for changes in Serbia before taking further steps toward

independence. VG

[16] ...WHILE U.S. EXPRESSES 'UNDERSTANDING'...

Department on 2 November expressed understanding for

Montenegro's currency decision. A State Department official

said the U.S. "recognizes the serious economic concerns" that

led Montenegro to such a decision. The official added that

the move "underscores the need for democratic change in

Yugoslavia." VG

[17] ...AND MOST YUGOSLAV OFFICIALS KEEP QUIET

Slobodan Milosevic made no official mention of developments

in Montenegro on 2 November after a meeting with Serbian

President Mirko Marjanovic, according to a Radio Belgrade

report cited by the BBC. Instead, Milosevic congratulated

Marjanovic on his efforts to reconstruct the country after

the NATO bombing. The same day, however, the Yugoslav United

Left party, which was formed by Milosevic's wife, denounced

Montenegro's currency decision as the work of "separatists,"

Tanjug reported. Meanwhile, opposition Serbian Renewal

Movement spokesman Ivan Kovacevic welcomed the Montenegrin

decision and said Serbia should also introduce the German

mark. Kovacevic said Montenegro's efforts to redefine its

relationship with Serbia do not represent a threat to the

existence of the Yugoslav federal republic. VG

[18] STUDENTS DEMONSTRATE IN BELGRADE

Serbian students marched through the streets of Belgrade on 2

November to demand early elections. The rally, which was

organized by 16 student organizations, was one of the first

student-led rallies since the winter of 1996-1997.

Demonstrators marched past the headquarters of the governing

Socialist Party chanting calls for Yugoslav President

Milosevic to be sent to the international war crimes tribunal

in The Hague. VG

[19] SERBIAN OPPOSITION PARTIES ASK EU TO LIFT SOME SANCTIONS

Budapest, a group of Serbian opposition politicians called on

the EU to lift some of its economic sanctions against

Yugoslavia, MTI reported. Slobodan Vuksanovic, deputy

chairman of the Democratic Party, said the group repeated its

request that the EU "differentiate between the Milosevic

regime and the Serbian citizens, as the latter do not deserve

to be punished." VG

[20] YUGOSLAV AUTHORITIES RELEASE BRITISH CORRESPONDENT

correspondent for "The Times" newspaper was released from

prison on 2 November because of health problems, the Serbian

Justice Ministry told Beta. Dessa Trevisan had been sentenced

to 10 days in jail the previous day for travelling in

Yugoslavia without a valid entry stamp in her passport (see

"RFE/RL Newsline," 2 November 1999). Trevisan described

conditions in the Belgrade prison as "inhumane" but added

that she was not mistreated during the night she spent in

jail, AP reported on 2 November. She said the judge told her

British passports are "not appreciated" in Yugoslavia. VG

[21] STABILITY PACT COORDINATOR CALLS FOR 'RESTRUCTURED'

The international community's coordinator for the

Balkan Stability pact, Bodo Hombach, said on 2 November that

while sanctions against Yugoslavia have been "effective,"

they need to be restructured to minimize the impact on

average Serbs. VG

[22] U.S. DIPLOMAT CALLS FOR AN END TO ANTI-SERB VIOLENCE IN

William Walker has condemned recent attacks on ethnic

Serbs in Kosova, AP reported on 2 November. Walker is well

known and well respected among ethnic Albanians in Kosova for

having condemned Serbian violence against Albanians in the

province before the NATO bombing campaign began in March.

Walker, who is on a visit to Kosova, said attacks on Serbs in

the region play "into the hands of Milosevic." However, he

also said the overall situation in Kosova has improved since

he was last in the province. "When I was here before it was

night, and now I think it's day," he commented. VG

[23] DEL PONTE URGES ARRESTS OF MORE WAR CRIMES SUSPECTS...

del Ponte, the chief prosecutor for the Hague-based war

crimes tribunal, on 2 November urged SFOR troops in Bosnia-

Herzegovina to engage in a "more active effort" to arrest war

crimes suspects, Reuters reported. She added that the

tribunal will issue more indictments next year. Since 1996,

SFOR has arrested 14 war crimes suspects and killed two

others while trying to arrest them. Some suspects, including

former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic, are still at

large. Del Ponte, who is on a visit to Bosnia-Herzegovina,

said that SFOR Commander Ronald Adams assured her that SFOR

will continue to support the tribunal's efforts. VG

[24] ...WHILE ADAMS ANNOUNCES REDUCTION IN SFOR TROOPS

November announced that SFOR troop strength will be reduced

by one-third by April 2000 because of the improving security

situation in Bosnia. There are currently about 30,000 troops

from some 40 countries supervising the peace in Bosnia-

Herzegovina. VG

[25] TUPURKOVSKI OFFERS TO STEP DOWN OVER ELECTION RESULT

offered to step down as party leader after finishing third in

the Macedonian presidential elections (see "RFE/RL Newsline,"

2 November 1999), Reuters reported. He described his offer as

a "normal gesture" for a politician who fails to achieve a

stated goal. Tupurkovski added that his party is re-examining

future relations within the governing coalition, of which the

alliance is a member. The relatively poor showing of Deputy

Foreign Minister Boris Trajkovski in the vote is causing

strains within the governing VMRO-DPMNE, according to a

source close to the government cited by Reuters. VG

[26] IMF GIVES ALBANIA POSITIVE ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT

IMF delegation on 2 November announced that economic growth

in Albania is expected to reach 8 percent this year, while

inflation will be around zero by the end of the year, dpa

reported. The delegation said the budget deficit is under

control and the government has made "notable progress" on its

privatization program. The news agency also reported that the

positive economic results are largely a result of the

increased foreign assistance and hard currency flowing into

the country as a result of the Kosova crisis. Albanian

Finance Minister Anastas Angjeli said the government has

agreed with the IMF that economic growth and inflation will

total 8 percent and 3 percent, respectively, next year. VG

[27] ALBANIAN POLICE CONDUCT BORDER AREA SWEEP

arrested 21 people in a 2 November sweep through the

northeastern part of the country near the border with Kosova,

dpa reported. The detained persons are suspected of smuggling

as well as involvement in a series of robberies of ethnic

Albanians from Kosova. The sweep comes as Albania prepares to

sign an agreement with Germany on the repatriation of some

200,000 Kosova Albanians. The Kosovars are to pass through

Albania on their way home. VG

[28] ROMANIAN SUPREME COURT QUERIES LAW ON ACCESS TO SECURITATE

The Supreme Court on 2 November appealed to the

Constitutional Court to consider the constitutionality of the

recently passed law on access to the files of the former

secret police, Mediafax reported. The law does not allow

access to the files of employees of the post-communist secret

services, with the exception of the directors of those

services and their deputies. The Supreme Court says that this

restriction infringes on Article 31 of the constitution,

which provides for the freedom of information. The

Constitutional Court will consider the appeal on 28 November.

MS

[29] MOLDOVAN PARLIAMENTARY CHAIRMAN CRITICIZES LUCINSCHI

Diacov on 2 November said the government will ask the

parliament to vote confidence in it on 4 November. He also

accused President Petru Lucinschi of having organized an

anti-parliamentary campaign, RFE/RL's Chisinau bureau

reported. Last week, the legislature rejected the

government's draft law envisaging budget cuts as well as

bills on the privatization of five of the country's leading

wineries and the Chisinau cigarette factory. Diacov, who

heads the formerly pro-presidential For a Democratic and

Prosperous Moldova Bloc, said that if these laws are rejected

again, the cabinet will resign because that would mean an end

to financing from the IMF and the World Bank. In such a case,

he added, responsibility will rest with Lucinschi and those

parties and independent deputies who support him. MS

[30] BULGARIAN PREMIER IN FRANCE

with his French counterpart, Lionel Jospin, and President

Jacques Chirac in Paris on 2 November that he is "leaving

France very happy," BTA reported. Kostov told journalists

that Jospin assured him that the EU will start accession

talks with "all applicants of the second wave" at the same

time. He said that France's "categorical position" is that

all those countries, including Bulgaria and Romania, will be

invited to join the EU. Kostov discussed with Chirac EU

conditions for starting negotiations with Bulgaria. He said

that they both agreed that "progress in economic reforms will

be no problem." Kostov said that France "will not be the

country to press" for closing down the Kozloduy nuclear

plant, and he noted that Jospin expressed readiness to offer

Bulgaria "expert assistance" on the matter. MS

[C] END NOTE

[31] MONITORS EVALUATE UKRAINIAN ELECTIONS

Monitoring organizations unanimously agree that voting

in Ukraine's 31 October presidential election was conducted

in a peaceful and orderly fashion. The Committee of Ukrainian

Voters (CVU), the International Republican Institute, and a

joint statement by the Council of Europe and the OSCE all

said that their monitors had seen minor infringements of the

election law but these were insufficient to affect the

outcome. They agreed that most violations seemed to be the

result of ignorance or incompetence rather than deliberate

fraud.

The CVU did not gain official accreditation for its

monitors because the Ukrainian government was giving such

credentials only to foreign or international groups. The OSCE

has called this discrepancy a "backward step" in the election

law. But the CVU managed to send to polling stations some

16,000 people accredited as journalists.

Igor Popov, head of the CVU, said that those observers

found a large number of violations of the election law...but

our general conclusion is that these violations have not

significantly influenced the results of the election. We want

to emphasize that the candidates who will go on to the second

round were those really supported by Ukrainian voters."

Popov noted that the gap between the first and second

places, taken by incumbent Leonid Kuchma and challenger Petro

Symonenko, and the third place is so large that the 300,000

to 400,000 votes considered questionable by the CVU could not

invalidate the results.

The CVU's Yevhen Radchenko divided violations into three

types: electioneering on voting day, misconduct in the voting

and counting processes, and, worst of all, interference by

government officials.

"The third group of violation, to our mind, is the most

serious and dangerous that we detected," he commented. "These

are violations committed by officials who are not legally

participating in the election process. These officials often

directly or indirectly intervened in the election process."

In polling stations across the country, many election

committees consisted of employees from one government

institution, while committee heads were most often Kuchma

appointees. For example, in one polling station in Irpin, a

small town just outside Kyiv, more than half of the committee

members worked at the forestry institute at which voting took

place, and the head of the institute was present all day

during polling as an official observer for Kuchma. Speaking

to RFE/RL, the institute head said he had told all his staff

to cast their ballots for Kuchma. But he rejected the idea

that his presence during voting in any way influenced the

vote.

All the monitoring groups expressed deep concern at the

conduct of the election campaign, which, they said, was

characterized by media manipulation, illegal government

participation, and even violence. The OSCE's report was

especially damning on government interference prior to

voting. It said that political intervention on behalf of

incumbent President Kuchma had been undertaken by security

forces, the post office, and housing authorities.

Simon Osborne, head of the OSCE mission in Ukraine, told

journalists in Kyiv on 1 November that the election observers

mission received "numerous verified reports that public

officials in state institutions were campaigning in favor of

the incumbent president."

For example, Osborne said, "observers noted that heads

of state administrations in eight oblasts at various levels

openly urged voters to vote for the president." Furthermore,

the election mission "received numerous allegations that

postal workers were distributing campaign materials for

President Kuchma and that [housing authority] employees were

canvassing support for the incumbent president in at least

four oblasts. In the latter case, the involvement in the

election campaign could easily be perceived as intimidation,"

according to the OSCE official.

The OSCE also heavily criticized the lack of independent

coverage in state-run media. The organization said this

reporting overwhelmingly favored Kuchma.

The author is an RFE/RL corespondent based in Kyiv.

03-11-99

Reprinted with permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
URL: http://www.rferl.org

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