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RFE/RL Newsline, Vol. 3, No. 212, 99-11-01Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Newsline Directory - Previous Article - Next ArticleFrom: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty <http://www.rferl.org>RFE/RL NEWSLINEVol. 3, No. 212, 1 November 1999CONTENTS[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA
[B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE
[C] END NOTE
[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA[01] SLAIN ARMENIAN LEADERS BURIEDUp to 100,000 people,including former President Levon Ter-Petrossian, attended the 31 October funeral services in Yerevan of slain Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsian, parliamentary speaker Karen Demirchian, his two deputies, a government minister, and two parliamentary deputies gunned down in the legislature on 27 October. The eighth victim of the shootings was buried on 30 October. Also attending was a large Russian delegation, including Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, State Duma speaker Gennadii Seleznev, and former Defense Minister Pavel Grachev, as well as Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze, Belarusian Premier Syarhei Linh, Iranian Foreign Minister Kamal Kharrazi, Greek Defense Minister Akis Tsohatzopoulos, and Turkish state minister Ali Irtemcelik. Speaking at the funeral ceremony, President Robert Kocharian termed the killings "an irreparable loss" and called on Armenians to "close ranks and stand by the Republic of Armenia," RFE/RL's Yerevan bureau reported. LF [02] U.S., RUSSIA EXPRESS SUPPORTMeeting with PresidentKocharian in Yerevan on 29 October, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott offered his condolences over the shootings and assured Kocharian of his country's readiness to offer "every kind of support" in overcoming the crisis, Noyan Tapan and RFE/RL's Yerevan bureau reported. Talbott added that that he believes the democratic process in Armenia is irreversible. During talks with Kocharian the following day, Russian Premier Putin similarly expressed Moscow's support for the Armenian president. Putin also noted that the murdered men were all "true friends of Russia." LF [03] ARMENIAN MILITARY DENY TENSIONS WITH PRESIDENTLeaders ofSargsian's Republican Party of Armenia on 30 October denied that there are differences between the military and President Kocharian over the choice of a new prime minister and cabinet, RFE/RL's Yerevan bureau reported. Kocharian told journalists on 30 October after his talks with Putin that an entirely new government will probably be named. According to press reports, the military also oppose the appointment of Republican Party Chairman Andranik Markarian to succeed Demirchian as parliamentary speaker. The Republican Party on 30 October endorsed the Defense Ministry's call two days earlier for the sacking of the interior and national security ministers. Meanwhile the five gunmen have been charged with terrorism and pre-meditated murder, Noyan Tapan reported on 1 November. LF [04] PROCEDURAL VIOLATIONS MAR GEORGIAN PARLIAMENTARY POLL...Morethan 60 percent of the Georgian electorate cast their votes in the 31 October parliamentary elections. Both pro- government and opposition figures cited violations of election procedure, including restrictions on voting in some constituencies in Adjaria and the mountain region of Lentehki, the theft of a ballot box in Gori, an attempt by an opposition member of the Central Electoral Commission to hack into the commission's computer, and an attempt at ballot stuffing by a commission member who belongs to the ruling Union of Citizens of Georgia, Caucasus Press reported. LF [05] ...WHILE RULING PARTY HEADED FOR VICTORYWith 60 percent ofthe ballot papers counted, the Union of Citizens of Georgia, which has a majority in the outgoing parliament, had won more than 30 of the 75 seats allocated in single-mandate constituencies plus some 44 percent of the party-list vote. The Union for the Revival of Georgia polled 23 percent of the party list vote. Its leader, Adjar Supreme Council chairman Aslan Abashidze, claimed that the authorities had falsified the results, according to Reuters. The Labor Party and the bloc Industry Will Save Georgia are close to surmounting the 7 percent barrier for representation in the new parliament. LF [06] U.S. DIPLOMAT IN TBILISIU.S. Deputy Secretary of StateTalbott and Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze met in Tbilisi on 29 October to discuss regional conflicts, including Abkhazia and Nagorno-Karabakh, and preparations for the OCSE Istanbul summit later this month, ITAR-TASS and Caucasus Press reported. They also focused on the planned construction of the Baku-Ceyhan oil export pipeline and the Trans-Caspian gas pipeline. Talbott endorsed the Georgian leadership's economic policy and its crackdown on corruption. LF [07] POLISH PRESIDENT VISITS AZERBAIJAN...Visiting Baku on 27-28October, Aleksandr Kwasniewski met with his Azerbaijani counterpart, Heidar Aliev, to discuss Poland's support for Azerbaijan's accession to the World Trade Organization and integration into European structures, including full membership in the Council of Europe, Turan reported. Possible Polish involvement in the GUUAM alignment (Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, and Moldova) was also discussed. Kwasniewski said Poland is ready to help prepare NATO's Caucasus strategy. The two presidents also discussed Polish participation in the construction of cement plants and sugar mills in Azerbaijan and the prospects for the export via Poland of Azerbaijani oil transported via the Baku-Supsa export pipeline. A memorandum on cooperation between Poland's state oil and gas company and the Azerbaijani state oil company SOCAR was signed at the meeting. LF [08] ...AND KAZAKHSTANOn 29 October, Kwasniewski held talks withhis Kazakh counterpart, Nursultan Nazarbaev, in Astana, RFE/RL's bureau in the Kazakh capital reported. Those talks focused on preparations for the OSCE Istanbul summit and the prospects for Polish participation in construction projects in Astana as well as in the export of Kazakhstan's oil via Ukraine to the Polish port of Gdansk, ITAR-TASS reported. Nazarbaev termed the $100 million annual trade turnover between the two countries "not bad." LF [09] OSCE PRAISES KAZAKHSTAN'S LANGUAGE POLICYMeeting in Astanaon 29 October with Kazakhstan's Prime Minister Qasymzhomart Toqaev, OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities Max van der Stoel positively assessed both Kazakhstan's language law and efforts by the country's leadership to promote the use of the Kazakh language, Interfax reported. Toqaev quoted President Nazarbaev as aiming to establish trilingualism, given the growing importance of English. LF [10] KAZAKHSTAN, RUSSIA TO COOPERATE IN INVESTIGATING ROCKETEXPLOSIONThe Russian and Kazakh government commissions formed to investigate the 27 October explosion of a Russian Proton rocket shortly after blast-off from Baikonur announced on 29 October that they will set up a joint headquarters and three working groups, Interfax reported. But Kazakhstan's Deputy Prime Minister Viktor Kiyanitsa said that an assessment of the financial damage caused will be made only after the commissions complete their work, according to ITAR- TASS. Kazakhstan's Prime Minister Toqaev had said the previous day that Kazakhstan will probably demand compensation exceeding the $260,000 paid by Moscow after a similar explosion in July. LF [11] TAJIK OPPOSITION AGAIN CALLS FOR POSTPONEMENT OF PRESIENTIALPOLLAt a news conference in Dushanbe on 29 October, three opposition would-be presidential candidates again called on the country's leadership and international organizations to agree to delay the 6 November presidential elections, RFE/RL's Tajik Service reported. Equality Party leader Saifiddin Turaev, Democratic Party (Tehran Platform) leader Sultan Kuvatov, and Islamic Renaissance Party candidate and Economics Minister Davlat Usmon proposed that incumbent President Imomali Rakhmonov's term in office be extended until June in order to give time to prepare for free and fair elections. All three candidates had earlier called for a postponement of the poll on the grounds that local officials prevented them from collecting the minimum 145,000 signatures required for registration (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 12 October 1999). The Central Electoral Commission nonetheless subsequently registered Usmon, who on 29 October formally requested that his registration be termed invalid. LF [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE[12] SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE AHEAD IN FIRST ROUND OFMACEDONIAN ELECTIONSEarly results from the 31 October Macedonian presidential elections show that Social Democratic candidate Tito Petkovski and Deputy Foreign Minister Boris Trajkovski will advance to the second round, Reuters reported on 1 November. With neither of the two leading candidates likely to win 50 percent of the vote, a second round of voting will probably be held on 14 November. Early returns showed Petkovski with 340,000 votes, Trajkovski with 214,000 votes, and a third candidate, Vasil Tupurkovski, with 158,000 votes. Voter turnout was reported to be relatively high. Trajkovski ran on the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization's (VMRO) ticket, while Tupurkovski was the Democratic Alternative's candidate. Both parties are members of the governing coalition. VG [13] VIOLENT INCIDENTS REPORTED DURING MACEDONIAN VOTINGAt leastthree incidents of violence were reported during Macedonia's 31 October presidential election. A representative of the Social Democrats said one of the party's activists was shot in the leg in the town of Kumanovo during a fight with a representative of the governing coalition. Other violent incidents were reported in the villages of Morane and Velesta. Meanwhile, various parties have accused one another of violating electoral rules that forbid campaigning on election day. VG [14] TWO OPPOSITION PARTIES WITHDRAW FROM ANTI-MILOSEVIC STREETPROTESTSOpposition leaders Mile Isakov and Nenad Canak on 29 October announced their intention to withdraw from daily street protests against Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, Reuters reported. Isakov said the daily protests are wasting energy without providing a "plan." Canak added that the opposition should search for other ways of opposing Milosevic. "The point is not to hold rallies but to participate in the toppling of Milosevic's regime," he said. VG [15] SOME 10,000 ATTEND ANTI-MILOSEVIC DEMONSTRATION IN CACAKAbout 10,000 people protested against Milosevic in the townof Cacak on 29 October. Cacak is considered to be an opposition stronghold and the turnout was regarded as relatively high amid dwindling attendance at opposition rallies in other cities. Some key opposition leaders, including Zoran Djindjic, addressed the rally. VG [16] YUGOSLAV OPPOSITION REPRESENTATIVES FLY TO U.S.A group ofYugoslav opposition leaders flew to Washington, D.C., in a bid to convince Bill Clinton's administration to ease economic sanctions against the country. Slobodan Vuksanovic, the deputy head of the opposition Democratic Party, said the U.S. should "establish a distinction between Milosevic's regime and the citizens," AP reported. VG [17] NATO COMMANDER CONDEMNS ATTACK ON SERBIAN CONVOYNATO'scommander in Kosova, General Klaus Reinhardt, said on 30 October he is "furious" at a recent attack by some 1,500 ethnic Albanians on a convoy of 155 Serbs (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 29 October 1999). Reinhardt said he believes the attack was spontaneous and noted that measures are being taken to increase the security of ethnic Serbs in Kosova. VG [18] ETHNIC CROATS EVACUATED FROM KOSOVAAlmost 300 ethnic Croatshave been evacuated from Kosova to Zagreb, AP reported on 31 October. The ethnic Croats say they had suffered harassment in Kosova. VG [19] MONTENEGRO TO START USING GERMAN MARKMontenegrin DeputyPrime Minister Novak Kilibarda on 1 November confirmed reports that Montenegro would introduce the German mark as its second currency on 2 November. "Vjesti" had reported that Montenegrins would start receiving their salaries and pensions on that day. The change is viewed as a first step toward the introduction of a separate Montenegrin currency (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 29 October 1999). The decision must still be formally approved by the Montenegrin parliament. Yugoslav officials on 29 October had dismissed Montenegro's stated aim to introduce its own currency. VG [20] BOSNIAN CROAT WAR CRIMES SUSPECT REFUSING TREATMENTMladenNaletilic is rejecting any further treatment at a Zagreb hospital following recent heart surgery, AP reported. Doctors at the hospital say Naletilic's heart surgery was a success but added that another operation is urgently needed. Naletilic has been indicted on 17 counts of war crimes during the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Doctors have assigned him to a psychological team, hoping that it will persuade him to undergo more surgery. The war crimes tribunal in The Hague on 28 October accused the Croatian government of stalling in handing over Naletilic as well as documents to be used as evidence in the case. The international community view the Naletilic case as a litmus test of Croatia's willingness to cooperate with the tribunal. VG [21] INVESTIGATION CONTINUES INTO CAR BOMB ATTACK ON BOSNIAN SERBJOURNALISTBosnian Serb journalist and publisher Zeljko Kopanja has had both his legs amputated after being seriously injured in a car bomb explosion on 22 October (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 22 October 1999), AP reported on 29 October. Experts from the UN international police force in Bosnia- Herzegovina have reportedly recommended that the wrecked car be investigated by Scotland Yard. Kopanja's newspaper "Nezavisne Novine" recently ran a series of articles on war criminals. Several newspapers and magazines from the Serbian as well as Muslim and Croatian parts of the country have run front-page headlines demanding an investigation into the assassination attempt. VG [22] GERMAN CHANCELLOR PRAISES LEADERSHIP OF JOINT PRESIDENCY INBOSNIA-HERZEGOVINAGerhard Schroeder on 29 October said he is pleased to find "common views" among the visiting members of the joint presidency of Bosnia-Herzegovina, dpa reported. He said the three leaders, Ante Jelavic, Alija Izetbegovic, and Zivko Radisic, expressed a strong desire for their country to be admitted to the Council of Europe. The German leader noted that Bosnia will have to undertake reforms before being admitted to the organization. VG [23] NUMBER OF U.S. TROOPS IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA TO BE REDUCEDNATO officials announced on 30 October that the number ofU.S. troops taking part in the NATO-led peacekeeping force in Bosnia-Herzegovina will be reduced by 30 percent by next April. Major General James Campbell, commander of Multinational Division North, said the cut is part of an overall NATO plan to reduce the number of troops in the country, resulting from an improvement in local security conditions. VG [24] CROATIAN LAWMAKERS PASS ELECTION LAWThe lower house of theCroatian legislature on 29 October passed a controversial new election law, Reuters reported. The law, which was proposed by the governing Croatian Democratic Community (HDZ), guarantees representation to the diaspora in December's parliamentary elections (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 27 October 1999). Croats living abroad tend to be pro-HDZ. The EU has criticized the law, saying it "calls into question the government's commitment to free and fair elections." VG [25] NEW ALBANIAN CABINET SWORN INKey figures from the previousgovernment have retained their posts in the cabinet of newly appointed Prime Minister Ilir Meta, which was sworn into office on 29 October. The defense, interior, foreign affairs, and finance ministers of the previous cabinet have all retained their posts. The newcomers include Deputy Prime Minister Makbule Ceco, Kastriot Islami as minister of economic cooperation, Bashkim Fino as minister of local government, and State Minister Prec Zogaj, AP reported. Meta said his government will focus on restoring public order, fighting illegal drug trafficking, and economic development (see also "End Note"). VG [26] EU COMMISSIONER PROPOSES MONITORING OF ROMANIA'S ECONOMICPERFORMANCEGuenter Verheugen, EU commissioner in charge of enlargement, has sent a letter to Prime Minister Radu Vasile proposing that the IMF, the World Bank and the EU draft a medium-term strategy for economic development and set up a body to monitor the plan's implementation, Romanian media reported on 31 October. Vasile has not responded to the proposal, but Deputy Premier Vasile Stoica rejected it, saying that the monitoring of Romania's economic performance would make sense only after the IMF approves the disbursement of the second tranche of the $547 million stand-by loan approved in August. IMF official Thomas Dowson was quoted by Romanian Radio as refusing to confirm reports that the fund is ready to agree that Romania borrow $100 million on the international financial market to cover its budget deficit. Earlier, it had insisted that the country borrow $470 million for that purpose. MS [27] ANOTHER ANTONESCU STATUE TO BE ERECTED IN ROMANIAThe Clujlocal council has approved Mayor Gheorghe Funar's proposal that a statue to Romania's wartime leader and convicted war criminal, Marshal Ion Antonescu be erected, "Romania libera" reported on 1 November. On 11 previous occasions, the council has rejected such a proposal. Its change of mind comes after Funar presented a "political compromise" whereby statues of National Liberal Party leader Ion C. Bratianu, National Peasant Party leader Iuliu Maniu, and King Ferdinand will also be erected. The compromise proposal was backed by representatives of two parties on the local council and opposed only by the Hungarian Democratic Federation of Romania and the Alliance for Romania. On 30 October, Greater Romania Party leader Corneliu Vadim Tudor laid a wreath at Antonescu's statue in Slobozia. MS [28] GAZPROM CUTS ENERGY SUPPLIES TO MOLDOVAAs of 1 November,Gazprom will cut its energy supplies to Moldova by 40 percent, Infotag reported on 29 October. The same day, Gazprom Deputy Chairmen Aleksander Pushkin and Vasilii Fadeev handed over to Moldovan government representatives a letter from Gazprom Chairman Rem Vyakhirev saying that Moldova has failed to pay on time for current gas deliveries and reduce its outstanding debt. Fadeev said that negotiations are under way on restructuring the Moldovan debt, which Moldovan officials say now totals $489 million. Of that sum, $310 million is owed by Tiraspol. An additional $277 million is due in fines for overdue payments. Flux reported that energy supplies from Romania and Ukraine will be diverted to Chisinau to avoid plunging the capital into darkness but that this will cause serious problems in the countryside. MS [29] BULGARIAN GOVERNMENT APPROVES DRAFT BUDGETThe government on28 October approved a draft 2000 budget providing for 4 percent GDP growth, a deficit equal to 2.3 percent of GDP, and an annual inflation rate of 2.8 percent, BTA reported. Finance Minister Muravei Radev said that 15,000 people employed in the government administration will be laid off in 2000 to reduce budget expenditures. Wages in the public sector are to increase by 5 percent, while the minimum wage will increase by 8 percent and pensions by 13 percent. MS [30] BULGARIAN TURKISH PARTY BOYCOTTS MAYORAL INAUGURATIONTheMovement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS) on 29 October boycotted the opening session of the newly elected local council in Kurdzhali, BTA and AP reported. The DPS claims 3,000 ballots were incorrectly declared invalid by the electoral commission. It has appealed to the local court to order a recount. The DPS lost its majority on the local council and also lost the town's mayoralty to a candidate representing the ruling Union of Democratic Forces. On 29 October, Prime Minister Ivan Kostov denied in the parliament that he called the DPS "a curse for Bulgaria." MS [C] END NOTE[31] ALBANIA'S PRIME MINISTER CALLS IT QUITSby Fabian SchmidtPrime Minister Pandeli Majko announced his resignation on 26 October. His successor, Ilir Meta, is likely to continue his reformist policies but will be in a more vulnerable position, facing interference by influential Socialist Party leader and former Prime Minister Fatos Nano. In resigning, Majko drew the consequences of his defeat in the vote for Socialist Party leader at a congress in early October. His rival, Nano, beat him by a small margin in that ballot. Majko's resignation nonetheless came as a surprise, since he initially had pledged to continue as premier, despite his defeat in the party leadership vote. He had argued that he still enjoys considerable support from within the party and especially among Socialist legislators. But during the days that followed, Nano increased pressure on Majko, whom he had harshly attacked in the past for his conciliatory political approach. Nano, along with Democratic leader Sali Berisha, carries the most responsibility for the polarization of political life between the Socialists and Democrats. Not surprisingly, he is considerably less willing than Majko to cooperate with the Democrats and has repeatedly criticized Majko for maintaining contacts with opposition politicians. Majko's approach, however, appealed to many voters who are sick of the polarization that has dominated Albanian politics throughout most of the 1990s. After the congress, Nano challenged the election of 36 members of the 116-strong Steering Committee, most of them Majko supporters, because they received less than 50 percent of the vote. Under party statutes, all members of the Steering Committee must be elected with more than 50 percent of the vote. Nonetheless, many Albanian political observers and journalists regarded Nano's initiative as an attempt to remove Majko's supporters from the committee and to strengthen his position vis-a-vis the government. Some observers pointed out that Nano did not call run-off votes at party congresses in 1992 and 1996, when he was firmly in charge and the candidates were all loyal to him Subsequently, Majko and another 66 members of the Steering Committee boycotted the ballot on 22 October in Tirana, arguing that Nano was aiming to change the balance of power in the committee. In the end, 73 percent of the deputies to the congress took part in the run-off vote, indicating that Nano remains able to mobilize large parts of the party's rank-and-file. The "Albanian Daily News" noted that "the session showed the undisputed authority of Nano in the party." By the same token, the session showed that the position of the 31-year-old former prime minister remains precarious among his fellow Socialists. Nano failed, however, to get his loyalists elected at the expense of Majko's. The delegates approved the controversial election of the 36 in a vote that appears to have been a compromise between Majko's backers and Nano's supporters. Delegates seemed to have realized that the two rival wings need each other. While Nano's supporters within the party are more numerous than Majko's, the latter's appeal to the public is stronger than that of the combative Nano. Majko, nonetheless, realized that his ability to make policy beyond the reach of the powerful Nano had been considerably limited as a result of the congress and therefore opted to resign. Majko's resignation, however, does not mean that the conservative wing of the Socialist Party has taken over the government. "Koha Ditore" on 27 October noted that new Premier Meta is clearly from Majko's reformist wing within the party. Meta was deputy prime minister under Majko and is also the head of the Socialist Youth Forum, known as the Eurosocialists. But he will have a more difficult task ahead of him than did Majko before the party congress. Nano is now clearly the most powerful party leader and is likely to repeatedly challenge the government on general policy questions. The resignation of Majko marks the third major government reshuffle since the Socialists came to power in 1997. The opposition is likely to revive its calls for new elections, but the Socialists are unlikely to agree to an early vote, fearing this would severely hamper the government's reform plans shortly after the Kosova war and possibly reduce their two-thirds majority in the parliament. Meta will now have to prove that he can continue the work of the government without becoming involved in politically motivated disruptions. 01-11-99 Reprinted with permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
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