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Anadolu Agency: News in English, 01-12-03Anadolu Agency: News in English Directory - Previous Article - Next ArticleFrom: The Anadolu Agency Home Page at <http://www.anadoluajansi.com.tr/>Anadolu AgencyANADOLU AGENCY NEWS 03 DECEMBER 2001 Monday CONTENTS
[01] TURKEY-PRESS SCANThese are some of the major headlines and their brief stories in Turkey's press on December 3, 2001. The Anadolu Agency does not verify these stories and does not vouch for their accuracy.HURRIYET (LIBERAL)LETTER WHICH HELPS EUROPEAN ARMYTurkey approved the European army by a surprize decision. The letter which the British Prime Minister Tony Blair wrote to Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit and which started as ''Dear Bulent'', convinced Ankara. In his letter, Blair assured Ecevit of two strategic issues regarding the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) which caused a crisis among the United States, European Union (EU) and Ankara. Here are the assurances: ''Europe's promise not to intervene. If you involve in a war with Greece in Cyprus or Aegean, we will not take part beside Athens as whole Europe. Secondly, the European army will include Turkey in the preparation stage if it is to launch an operation in the regions concerning Turkey.'' Upon these assurances, Ankara consented to the European Army after the security summit which was held in Ankara on Sunday. The statement that ''Turkey is supporting the ESDP process'' was made following the meeting. TANKER OF FEAR MILLIYET (LIBERAL)A TOTAL OF 23 THOUSAND BANK EMPLOYEES UNEMPLOYED DUE TO CRISISThe banking crisis made 23 thousand bank personnel unemployed and closed 11 banks and 503 bank branches. The closure of Iktisat Bankasi which employs more than 1,200 people and re-arragnements regarding the Savings Deposits Insurance Fund (SIF) controlled banks which employ almost 14 thousand people will increase the number of unemployed bank personnel. The figures of Banks Association of Turkey indicated that 147,201 people are working in banking sector as of the end of September while 23,200 bankers became unemployed due to the banking crisis in the first nine months of this year. A total of 107,401 people were working in banking sector at the end of the previous year. SEVEN-MONTH BOND AUCTION FROM TREASURY SABAH (LIBERAL)POLITICIANS ARE FEAREDDeputy Prime Minister Mesut Yilmaz said that he was not so hopeful about the restructuring of the state. Yilmaz, the leader of Motherland Party (ANAP) which brings this issue as the prior issue of its agenda and which organizes many meeting to this end, explained the reason of his hopelessness as follows: ''Because, the demand to change things is not strong enough in the political quadre.'' Asked why the political structure was resisting, Yilmaz said, ''restructuring has a political cost. Restructuring requires some brave steps. The political quadres which will take these steps will lose the elections. They cannot take that risk.'' THREE EARTHQUAKES IN VAN: EIGHT INJURED CUMHURIYET (LEFT)EUROPEAN ARMY O.K.Ankara, which enters a week mainly focusing on foreign policy, passed the Sunday actively. Due to the assurances given on Cyprus and Aegean issues, support to European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) was issued at the security summit. The ESDP, which has been an issue of conflict between Turkey and the European Union (EU) since 1999, was solved after Turkey stepped back from the condition regarded with full participation to decision mechanisms. According to this, the military force that will be set up by the EU would not intervene in the clashes that may erupt between the NATO allies. Turkey will actively participate in the decision process in case the EU operations concern its own security interests. JUSTICE MINISTER TURK: F TYPES ARE IN U.N. STANDARDS Turk said most of the prisons in Turkey reached the EU and the U.N. standarts and defended that this was also voiced by the Europeans. RADIKAL (LEFT)WEATHER WILL BE COLD AND RAINYCold and rainy weather will also continue this week. Officials of the Directorate of Meteorology said Marmara and Northern Aegean will be party cloudy and Eastern Anatolia will be snowy. Other regions of the country will be rainy. The weather will be snowy in Eastern Anatolia, Central Anatolia, Western Black Sea and internal parts of the Black Sea. Western sections of Marmara will be party cloudy and other parts will be rainy. EFFORTS FOR LITTLE MOTHERS Non-governmental organizations, after learning that young girls at the age of 10-13 were forced to marry, started to launch initiatives. Aydin Governor Emir Durmaz said every necessary measures would be taken to prevent marriages at early ages. Durmaz said seminars would take place to illuminate the people about the dangers of marriages at early ages. TURKIYE (RIGHT)''OUR EXPECTATIONS ARE MET''Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit said that positive results were taken from the meetings with the European Union (EU) regarding European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP). Prime Minister Ecevit said that they had not changed their stance regarding Turkey's security. Ecevit noted, ''this issue has been discussed with the EU since 1999. Our rightful expectations have been met to a great extent in the end of these meetings.'' IMF DELEGATION IS COMING ZAMAN (CONSERVATIVE)TURKEY SHEDS GREEN LIGHT FOR EUROPEAN ARMYTurkey changed its attitute in European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) issue, and lifted its veto which it imposed on the formation of ''European Army''. A critical step was taken in security summit held in Prime Ministry on Sunday prior to the visit of the U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell and meeting of TRNC President Rauf Denktas and the Greek Cypriot leader Glafcos Clerides, and a decision was taken to support the ESDP. THREE QUAKES IN VAN MAKE PEOPLE AFRAID An earthquake measuring 3.6 on the Richter scale and two other quakes shook Pasinler township of eastern Erzurum province and eastern Van province respectively on Saturday and Sunday. Ataturk University Seismology Centre recorded the quake in Pasinler at 17.44 local time in Pasinler on Saturday. No casualties were reported. Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory and Seismology Centre recorded two tremors measuring 4,5 and 3,2 on the Richter scale in eastern Van province at 06.11 and 04.46 local time on Sunday. No casualties were reported, yet some people who were in panic jumped from balconies and wounded themselves. -EUROPEAN ARMY NOT TO BE A SIDE TO A CONFLICT WHERE ONE A letter, sent by the Dutch Foreign Minister Jozias van Aartsen last week during the talks at a crucial period, was influential for the sides to reach compromise. The ESDP talks, which the representatives of the three countries had started in 1999, ended with the efforts held on November 26, in the fourth round of talks held in Ankara. Although progress was recorded at the meeting, Turkey announced that it needed time for a compromise. At a time when the 5th round of talks became a focus of attention, following immense telephone talks, a letter from Aartsen reached to Ankara pointing out that he would make every contribution to solve the conflict on ESDP. Thanks to the letter and the telephone conversations, a solution was reached before NATO Foreign Ministers meeting that will take place on December 6-7 in Brussels. Compromise on security guarantee, which Turkey sensitively focused on, was provided after Europe gave assurances that European army would not be a side to the clashes in which one of the NATO countries involved. Diplomatic sources said southern Cyprus Greek Cypriot side targeted to be a member of the EU in 2003, stressing that it was planning to say to the European army, which is planned to be established in 2003, that its territories were under occupation, so that it should intervene. The same sources said with the agreement that was reach, such a plan of the Greek Cypriot side was turned out to be nothing. Participation was another problem between the sides. According to the agreement, Turkey would apply to the EU to take place in the process in cases which its national security and interests are in question. According to the compromise, the EU would not make an invitation to Turkey for any operation. Turkey will be included in the preparation mechanism only in case it applies. Diplomatic sources told A.A correspondent that Turkey could not fully get what it wanted regarded with participation, yet noted that, ''this compromise was accepted as its positive sides are more than the negative sides.'' The compromise reached by Turkey, Britain and the U.S. was accepted after being discussed at the leaders' summit on Sunday evening. Foreign Minister Ismail Cem called the U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell and the British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw to brief about the results of the summit. -A.A PRESIDENT GENERAL DIRECTOR GULER PROPOSES COOPERATION AMONG REGIONAL OANA 22nd Executive Board and 16th Technical Experts Group Meeting started in Bangkok, Thailand. Thailander Minister Attached to the Office of Prime Minister Thammarak Isarangkun addressed the opening session of the meeting. Guler, as the Term President of the Association of Balkan News Agencies (ABNA) and Alliance of Mediterranean News Agencies (AMAN), proposed that cooperation should be made among the three regional organizations. Proposal of Guler, was welcomed while the members took a principle decision to organize a joint meeting among these three organizations in Istanbul in October 2002. The establishment of world-wide news agencies network, improvement of cooperation among the members, especially the exchange of news, and security of news items in the internet are being debated at the meeting. People who are attending the OANA meeting will also participate in the ceremonies to celebrate the 74th birthday of Thailander King Phumiphon Adunyadet. OANA Executive Board also approved the full membership of Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA) and Kazakh Information Agency (KazAAG). Thus, the number of OANA member agencies increased to 35. -U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE POWELL EXPECTED TO GIVE MESSAGES ON AFGHANISTAN, Afghanistan will mainly be discussed during Powell's contacts in Ankara. The U.S. Secretary of State will primarily discuss establishment of coalition in Afghanistan. Peace forces and humanitarian aid to Afghanistan are also expected to be discussed during his contacts. Colin Powell, during the visit, is also expected to give the message about Iraq, which was on a ''dangerous course'' regarded with developing mass destruction weapons, that this country should not be ''encouraged''. Within this framework, the U.S. is also expected to express its opposition about the opening of a second border gate between Iraq and Turkey. The U.S. Secretary of State, who gave a private statement to the A.A last week, had pointed out that the U.S. did not declare a war against Iraq, yet noted that its eyes were on Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein. Meanwhile, it was reported that the U.S. ''noted with pleasure'' the development pertaining to the return of the Iraqi Ambassador Faruk al- Hicazi to his country after his term in office expires in Turkey. Powell, who will visit Ankara at the date when the TRNC President Rauf Denktas and the Greek Cypriot side leader Glafcos Clerides will meet, is expected to reiterate the U.S. attitute on Cyprus issue. As the Greek Cypriot side's EU process progresses rapidly, the U.S. officials make suggestions to sit at negotiation table, saying that the EU was not their club, and that they did not have a right to block membership of Cyprus. European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) is expected to be major topic of discussion during Powell's contacts in Ankara. -IMF DELEGATION EXPECTED TO BE IN ANKARA ON MONDAY AFTERNOON The delegation will visit Ankara in separate groups independent from each other. The delegation led by Kahkonen is expected to be received by State Minister Kemal Dervis. The IMF delegation which will be crowded this time will be divided in groups and start their works at the Treasury, Privatization Administration Board, State Planning Organization, Finance Ministry, Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BRSA) and Central Bank. The IMF delegation will particularly focus on the structural programmes within the new economic programme which will be supported by nearly 10 billion dollars. Structural measures which will increase the effectivity of the public sector, which will revive economy and which will draw foreign capital will be discussed in the meetings. Realizations pertaining to the last quarter of the year 2001 will also be discussed during the talks. Measures which were taken to support real sector and effect of those on new Stand-by agreement, will also be discussed at the meetings. -COEPA TURKISH GROUP CHAIRMAN GURKAN SAYS CYPRUS QUESTION The document covering a proposal on ''Cyprus: Peace Project of Civilizations'' was sent to the members of the Political Commission of COEPA which took Cyprus into its agenda. Gurkan released a statement in which he said that the state grounded on confederation basis by the Turkish and Greek Cypriot sides foresaw the existence of different civilizations together. Noting that the two main disputes between Turkey and Greece were Cyprus and Aegean issues, Gurkan said that it was inevitable for Greece to contribute to solution. ''Cyprus can reach a solution as a peace project for 21st century. In a period when conflict of civilizations was high on the agenda especially after the September 11, a conjuncture where some circles try to bring forth a Muslim-Christian conflict, has updated a solution based on confederation, which is a formula enabling sustainable self-administration of different cultures.'' The document said, ''if ending hostility in this corner of the East Mediterranean is really wanted, people should refrain from any new mistake which will obstruct such a peaceful solution. If you want everybody to believe that being unprejudiced against Muslims is a European norm, the meaningless boycott imposed to Turkish Cypriots should be ended. This will prevent activities of the Greek Cypriot administration, which shelters terrorism based on ethnic hatred and which provides financial support to fundamentalist terrorism, from being considered as legitimate.'' COEPA Political Commission will debate the Cyprus Report prepared by Hungarian parliamentarian Andreas Barsony in Paris on December 12. The report will be debated at COEPA Winter Session in January. -TRNC PRESIDENT DENKTAS: ''I HOPE THIS CONTACT WHICH WE STARTED WITH GOOD WILL CONTINUE WITH GOOD WILL AND LEAD US AND OUR PEOPLE TO A POSITIVE Speaking to the delegation of Cyprus Turk Handicapped Peoples Federation, Denktas said Dervis Yuceturk, the chairman of the federation, lost his eyes at a young age with a booby trap during the war which was started to make Cyprus a Greek island. Denktas said Yuceturk experienced the meaninglessness of the war. Denktas said he and his people worked hard to create a Cyprus where the old days would not be experienced again, noting that, ''in order to create a Cyprus where those days would not be experienced again, the ideas and policies which caused those days should be removed.'' Denktas said it should have been understood that the policy to make Turkish Cypriots a minority in Cyprus would not work. Denktas said the status of the Turkish Cypriots is the same with the Greek Cypriots on Cyprus, noting that, ''we are partners and we are equal. We are face to face with an obligation to set up a new partnership. I hope that the Greek Cypriot side has understood that this is necessary and it is impossible to make Turkish Cypriots a minority in a Greek Cypriot republic.'' Denktas said the only way to make Cyprus a peace island between Turkey, Greece and in the region, is to bear those ideas together. ''You can not lead to anywhere with the approach of 'I am going toward this way. You either come with me or not'. I hope this contact which we started with good will, will continue with good will and lead our people to a nice result.'' When journalists asked about his meeting with the U.N. Secretary General's Cyprus Special Envoy Alvaro De Soto, Denktas said he has not received any invitation from De Soto so far. -CIRCULAR ON SAVINGS MEASURES ISSUED (1) A circular was issued on savings measures bearing the signature of Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit. According to this, contracts of those who got the right of retirement, and who are above the age of 50, will be terminated after being evaluated by a commission, and after being paid all kind of legal rights. Workers Unions will also be invited to those commission. Annual production programs will be carried out in a way that will not require overtime work. The fee paid for vocational organizations and associations will not be more than 75 percent of performances in 2001, while the promotion expenditures will not exceed 40 percent of total performances in 2001. (to be continued) -CARREFOURSA TO OPEN IN ANKARA ON TUESDAY The shopping center which is located on the 12th kilometer of Istanbul Highway is the tenth store of CarrefourSA and it is built on 71,941 square meters. It has a parking lot of 699 cars, 341 personnel and 48 shops. It will be open seven days a week from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. -DENKTAS AND CLERIDES TO HAVE THEIR FIRST FACE TO FACE MEETING AFTER FOUR LEFKOSA - Rauf Denktas, the President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) and the Greek Cypriot leader Glafcos Clerides will come together for a face to face meeting in Lefkosa for the first time after an interval of four years. The meeting which will be held upon the initiatives of TRNC President Denktas in the residence of U.N. Secretary General's deputy special representative to Cyprus Zbigniew Wlosowicz at Lefkosa Airport, will start at 10.00 local time. U.N. Secretary General's Special Representative to Cyprus Alvaro De Soto will also participate in the meeting upon the request of Greek Cypriot leader Glafcos Clerides. De Soto, who is in the island won't intervene in the meeting, but he will only take notes and convey this information to U.N. Secretary General. The meeting will be unconditional without any agenda. The sides can bring all issues to agenda. President Denktas wrote his first letter to Clerides on Nov. 9 to meet with Clerides face to face and called Clerides to meet without any condition. Clerides who was in New York for the U.N. General Assembly meetings responded to Denktas saying that ''if Denktas announces that he is ready to meet without any precondition within the scope of U.N., he was also ready to meet with Denktas.'' Denktas who said that Clerides responded on condition to his invitation to meet without any condition, sent a second letter to Clerides and reiterated his invitation. Clerides this time said that a U.N. official had to be present in the meeting in order to take notes. Denktas accepted this demand and wrote a third letter and asked Clerides to fix a date for the meeting between Dec. 1-10. Clerides wrote a third letter to Denktas and said that he was ready to meet on Dec. 4 and a U.N. official would be present in the meeting. On his return from New York, Clerides said that his meeting with Denktas would not mean that a new period would start. Meanwhile, the Greek Cypriot national council convened and determined the tactic to be pursued by Clerides in his meeting with Denktas. -ONAL: ''TURKEY HAS NO OTHER ALTERNATIVE THAN BENEFITING MORE FROM ''The government has shown its determination in all its implementations, the 2002 budget is the continuation of this determination,'' Onal said when he spoke during the 2002 Budget Talks at Parliament General Council. He also said that Turkey's market economy should be elevated to a higher standard in a freer investment and commercial climate. Stating that there was no reason to fall into despair regarding Turkey's economy, Onal underlined that the 2002 budget will be implemented strictly. The finance minister indicated that 57 quadrillion TL of the 109.4 quadrillion TL domestic borrowing stock was caused by the banking sector. Speaking about the tax issue, Onal said Turkey will exceed the targetted tax income and he expected tax revenues to reach 57.9 quadrillion TL. He declared that as of end of November, the number of people who were given a tax identity number exceeded 22 million. ''Our goal is not to increase the tax load on people's shoulders, but to prevent unregistered economy,'' he clarified. Onal also said that his ministry was planning to start the second stage of tax department full automation project. -CIRCULAR ON SAVINGS MEASURES ANNOUNCED (2) Ecevit issued a circular on the government's savings measures on Monday. The prime minister stated that the savings measures aimed to decrease the costs of state expenditures in order to bring prosperity to the Turkish economy and offer a higher standard of life to citizens. During the preparation of annual production programs, the state institutions will try to avoid overtime and try to employ methods such as shift system to bring down the costs. State institutions could have their employees work overtime if they have permission from the Treasury Undersecretariat by listing the number of employees who will work overtime, overtime work hours, and the cost. As another saving measure, these institutions will stop getting newspapers, magazines, and periodicals except for internationally recognized publications and they will have access to these publications through the internet. Public Economic Enterprises will employ maximum savings during their purchases of all items except for General Investment and Financing Program decrees. Ecevit said the Finance Ministry and Treasury Undersecretariat will follow up and inspect the implementation of these measures. ''I request all the related parties to show maximum attention to the implementation of the above mentioned measures for the quick recovery of the current economic situation,'' Ecevit concluded. -CENTRAL BANK GOVERNOR SERDENGECTI: ''THERE CAN BE NO Serdengecti explained the Monetary Program on Monday at a conference organized jointly by the Central Bank, Adana Industry Chamber, Adana Trade Chamber (ATO) and Adana Trade Exchange (ATB). He indicated that Central Bank was naturally remote from politics due to its position and he stressed that Central Bank could neither support nor object to any politics, therefore no political meaning should be sought in his speech. ''The Central Bank of course sold foreign currency in order to save the program,'' he went on. ''The bank has been selling foreign currency in organized markets for 14 years, sometimes at a low, sometimes at a high rate. I'm not saying that this means loss. Central Bank loses and banks make profit from the sales of foreign currency. I'm openly telling you that not all the banks are profiting at the same amount. Of course, some make more profit than others.'' ''I'd like to point to one more issue,'' he said. ''I have to tell this because Central Bank is not very well understood in Turkey. Today, we're still selling foreing currency and some banks make profit while others lose money. There can be no Central Bank which doesn't sell foreign currency in any currency regime. We should have comprehended this in 14 years.'' Serdengecti indicated that there has been fewer fluctuations in foreign currency since Turkey adopted floating exchange rate currency. ''We aren't the only country which is employing the floating exchange currency. There are tax and accounting problems in floating exchange currency market. It has never been easy to adapt to floating exchange regime in any country. The real sector paid the cost of having no progress in the banking system in the last decade,'' he concluded. Serdengecti said possible crises in the future should be prevented by taking lessons from past experiences. -DENKTAS-CLERIDES MEETING TO BE HELD ON DEC. 4 The two leaders had met face to face in Glion village near Montreux city of Switzerland for the last time. However, no result was taken from neither the tete-a-tete meeting in Glior nor the following face to face meeting held in the island. The sources in Ankara and Lefkosa said that if the two leaders fix a date for another meeting tomorrow, the meeting will be accepted as succesful. Sources noted that the meeting is unconditional and U.N. Secretary General's Kofi Annan's special representative to Cyprus Alvaro De Soto would be present in the meeting in order to take notes. Denktas who urged Clerides to meet face to face, can also bring a new proposal in the meeting. While Denktas continued to send letters to Clerides, he also sent a letter to Annan on Nov. 12 and proposed the foundation of a new partnership on the island on the basis of two equal states. Denktas is expected to bring onto agenda the basic approaches in this letter, which was criticized by the Greek Cypriot side for ''blocking the talks on Cyprus.'' Sources recalled that the basic reason why the proximity talks came to a halt in Nov. 2000 after continuing for five rounds under the supervision of U.N., was the fact that the U.N. pursued a rigid attitude regarding the ''framework'' put forward on Cyprus issue and the TRNC's finding this ''framework'' as unacceptable. Sources noted that Denktas-Clerides meeting carries great importance in this respect, adding that Denktas will first of all weigh the ''will'' of Clerides to reach a solution on the island. If Clerides has that will, the talks can continue by reciprocal good will and within the scope of new proposals. The same sources added that both the relations between South Cyprus and the EU and the statements of certain circles about Cyprus could negatively affect the attitude of Clerides. -COLIN POWELL TO VISIT ANKARA ON TUESDAY Powell will meet with President Ahmet Necdet Sezer, Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit and Foreign Minister Ismail Cem during his visit. Powell, who will pay his first official visit to Turkey, will discuss a large number of critical issues that concern Turkey-U.S. relations. Powell will arrive in Turkey right after the talks between Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) President Rauf Denktas and Greek Cypriot leader Glafcos Clerides and he will raise the Cyprus issue during his contacts with Turkish officials. Ankara will ask the Bush administration to offer the necessary support for the solution of the Cyprus conflict. Regarding the ongoing operation in Afghanistan, the possible spreading of the war to Iraq and various scenerios will be debated. Ankara, which supports Iraq's territorial integrity, will listen to Powell's views on developments or possibilities. Sources which said that the United States has no clear picture for Iraq, indicated that Ankara might make a new assessment after listening to Powell. Smart sanctions against Iraq, border trade, and the second border gate on Turkish-Iraqi border are among topics to be discussed between Powell and Turkish government officials. Turkey will warn the U.S. that the smart sanctions should be implemented ''in a really smart frame''. It was stated that there was a significant difference between the smart sanctions explained to Ankara by the United States and those which were presented to the UN Security Council and that this caused concerns in Ankara. Enduring Freedom operation and latest activities regarding the foundation of a new government in Afghanistan are topics that will be covered during Powell's meetings with Cem. Turkey will bring up the list of terrorist organizations during the visit of U.S. secretary of state. The Turkish side will ask for the support of the United States to closely monitor the activities of the terrorist organizations in Europe which are regarded as terrorist organizations both by Turkey and the United States. Turkish officials will express Turkey's willingness to contribute to the formation of the Peace Force and to the restructuring of Afghanistan and stress Turkey's concern about humanitarian aid to the Afghan people. During Cem-Powell meeting, the operation's military dimensions, where the operation might lead to, and the results of the Bonn summit will be assessed and Powell will be briefed about Turkey's observations. Turkish authorities will underline that the Turkish Armed Forces could help to preserve the peace environment after the maintenance of peace in Afghanistan. They will also stress once again that everything in Afghanistan should be done by the Afghans and the international force could only help the Afghans. Economic relations between the two countries will also constitute another topic during Powell-Cem meeting. It was stated that the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) issue will not be raised during Powell's contacts. Following the security summit at the Prime Ministry, Ecevit had said ''After our meetings with the EU regarding the ESDP, most of our rightful expectations have been met.'' -IMF TURKEY DESK CHIEF KAHKONEN ARRIVES IN ANKARA Kahkonen didn't issue a statement at the airport. Kahkonen, who was welcomed by IMF's Representative to Turkey Odd Per Brekk, is accompanied by three IMF experts. Kahkonen will go to the Treasury immediately and participate in the meeting in which State Minister Kemal Dervis and Treasury Undersecretary Faik Oztrak would participate. The meetings about the new economic programme would continue till Ramadan Holiday.
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