Macedonian Press Agency: Special Report in Greek, 98-04-23

From: Macedonian Press Agency <mpa@philippos.mpa.gr>

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EKTAKTO DELTIO EIDHSEWN TOY MAKEDONIKOY PRAKTOREIOY

Qessalonikh 23 Aprilioy 1998

TITLOI EIDHSEWN

[01] APEBIWSE O KWNSTANTINOS KARAMANLHS

[02] K. KARAMANLHS: KORYFAIA MORFH STHN POLITIKH ISTORIA THS ELLADAS TA TELEYTAIA 50 XRONIA

[03] M.XATZHGEWRGIOY: O K.KARAMANLHS HTAN O MEGALOS TWN MEGALWN

[04] STIS 8 TO PRWI QA ANAKOINWQOYN OI LEPTOMEREIES GIA THN KHDEIA KARAMANLH

[05] H BALKANIKH POLITIKH TOY KWNSTANTINOY KARAMANLH

[06] DHLWSH TOY PROEDROY THS N.D. GIA TON K. KARAMANLH

[07] OLH H ELLADA QRHNEI TO QANATO TOY KWN. KARAMANLH

OI EIDHSEIS ANALYTIKA

[01] APEBIWSE O KWNSTANTINOS KARAMANLHS

Sth 1.40 shmera, 23 Aprilioy 1998, se hlikia 92 etwn, apebiwse o Kwnstantinos Karamanlhs. Me th lakwnikh ayth dhlwsh o stenos synergaths toy tews proedroy ths Dhmokratias, k.Petros Molybiaths anakoinwse prin apo ligo kai epishma thn qliberh eidhsh toy qanatoy toy politikoy poy gia pente oloklhres dekaeties sfragise me thn entonh paroysia toy thn politikh zwh ths Elladas.

O Kwnstantinos Karamanlhs gia panw apo deka meres edwse mia anish maxh sto iatriko kentro "Ygeia", enw opws egine gnwsto apo toys qerapontes giatroys toy o qanatos toy ephlqe apo anakoph ths kardias toy.

[02] K. KARAMANLHS: KORYFAIA MORFH STHN POLITIKH ISTORIA THS ELLADAS TA TELEYTAIA 50 XRONIA

O Kwnstantinos Karamanlhs htan mia apo tis koryfaies politikes proswpikothtes ths Elladas, meta ton B'Pagkosmio Polemo.

Prwqypoyrgos apo ton Oktwbrio toy 1955 ews ton Noembrio toy 1963 kai apo ton Ioylio toy 1974 ews ton Maio toy 1980. Dietelese dyo fores proedros ths Ellhnikhs Dhmokratias. Thn prwth fora apo ton Maio toy 1980 ews ton Maio toy 1985, opote kai ton diadexqhke o Xrhstos Sartzetakhs kai thn deyterh apo ton Maio toy 1990 ews ton Maio toy 1995.

Gennhqhke sto xwrio Prwth toy nomoy Serrwn stis 23 Febroyarioy 1907. Arxika egine dikhgoros kai askhse to epaggelma toy stis Serres. Eishlqe sthn politikh to 1935, opote kai ejelegh boyleyths toy Laikoy Kommatos stis Serres. Epaneklexqhke boyleyths to 1936. Sth diarkeia ths diktatorias toy Metaja kai ths Katoxhs eixe aposyrqei apo thn politikh. Meta thn apeleyqerwsh eishlqe ek neoy ston stibo ths politikhs. Stis ekloges toy 1946 kai toy 1950 egine boyleyths Serrwn me to Laiko Komma. Otan dhmioyrghse o Papagos ton "Ellhniko Synagermo" apoxwrhse apo toys Laikoys kai pqos^khe ston "Ellhniko Synagermo" me th shmaia toy opoioy ejelegh boyleyths Serrwn to 1951 kai 1952.

Sto diasthma 1946-1952 xrhmatise polles fores ypoyrgos. Gia prwth fora eixe orkistei ypoyrgos Ergasias sthn kybernhsh K.Tsaldarh stis 24 Noembrioy 1946 mexri ta telh Febroyarioy 1947. To 1948 egine ypoyrgos Metaforwn sthn kybernhsh Qemistoklh Sofoylh kai sth synexeia ypoyrgos Koinwnikhs Pronoias mexri ton Ianoyario toy 1950. Sto diasthma Ianoyarioy-Noembrioy 1950 krathse to ypoyrgeio Eqnikhs Amynhs sthn kybernhsh toy Sofoklh Benizeloy. Sthn kybernhsh Alejandroy Papagoy htan ypoyrgos dhmosiwn ergwn.

To 1955 xristhke apo ton tote basilea Paylo prwqypoyrgos se antikatastash toy etoimoqanatoy Papagoy. Mesa se tesseris mhnes idryse thn "Eqnikh Rizospastikh Enwsh", sthn opoia prosxwrhsan 190 boyleytes. Ws arxhgos ths ERE kerdise treis fores tis ekloges to 1956, to 1958, to 1961 kai paremeine prwqypoyrgos mexri ton Noembrio toy 1963. Stis ekloges ths 3hs Noembrioy 1963 h ERE meta kai tis enantion ths kataggelies gia thn ypoqesh dolofonias toy boyleyth ths Aristeras Grhgorh Lamprakh, htthqhke apo thn "Enwsh Kentroy" toy Gewrgioy Papandreoy. Tote o Karamanlhs paraithqhke apo thn hgesia ths ERE kai efyge sto Parisi, opoy idiwteyse mexri th Metapoliteysh.

Gyrise sthn Ellada ton Ioylio toy 1974 meta thn katarreysh ths diktatorias kai sxhmatise ws prwqypoyrgos thn kybernhsh eqnikhs enothtas. Stis ekloges toy Noembrioy toy 1974 to komma toy, h Nea Dhmokratia, anadeixqhke prwto komma me 54% kai stis epomenes toy 1978 me 41%. Apo ta prwta bhmata toy Karamanlh meta th Metapoliteysh htan h nomimopoihsh toy KKE kai h apodwsh ths ellhnikhs iqageneias se xiliades politikoys prosfyges poy epestrecan sthn patrida kai h proseggish me ta perissotera balkanika krath. Sto diasthma 1975-1978 o Karamanlhs episkefqhke proswpika ola ta krath toy tote anatolikoy synaspismoy, enw to 1979 episkefqhke ton Oktwbrio th Sobietikh Enwsh kai ton Noembrio thn Kina. Paromoia anoigmata ekane kai pros ton arabiko kosmo.

Omws ta shmantikotera epiteygmata twn kybernhsewn Karamanlh htan h eisodos ths Elladas sthn Eyrwpaikh Oikonomikh Koinothta poy epiteyxqh ton Maio toy 1979 kai h epanentajh sto NATO poy oloklhrwqhke ton Oktwbrio toy 1980.

[03] M.XATZHGEWRGIOY: O K.KARAMANLHS HTAN O MEGALOS TWN MEGALWN

Ws ton "megalo twn megalwn" mnhmoneyei ton Kwnstantino Karamanlh o stenos synergaths toy, Menelaos Xatzhgewrgioy, prwhn eyrwboyleyths kai proedros ths nomarxiakhs epitrophs ths Neas Dhmokratias sth Qessalonikh.

To "ektopisma" ths proswpikothtas toy prwhn proedroy ths Dhmokratias den analwnetai sthn politikh toy ontothta, alla apotypwnetai kai sth drash toy ws anqrwpoy."Htan megalos ws politikos kai ws anqrwpos kai ayto den to amfisbhtei kaneis. To paradexontai filoi kai antipaloi", anapolei -milwntas sto Makedoniko Praktoreio Eidhsewn- o k.Xatzhgewrgioy.

Symfwna me ton idio, dyo einai oi politikes morfes poy kyriarxoyn sth neoterh istoria ths Elladas: o Eleyqerios Benizelos, poy ekane th xwra megalh kai o Kwnstantinos Karamanlhs, pou dhmioyrghse thn Ellada ths Eyrwphs kai epanefere th dhmokratia.

Fainetai, omws, oti to timhma ths ploysiotaths politikhs drashs toy htan h apwleia ths xaras apokthshs enos paidioy. H pikria toy k.Karamanlh sxetika me to gegonos oti den apekthse pote paidia diafainetai me ton pio "eyglwtto" tropo sto parakatw - sxedon agnwsto- peristatiko poy dihgeitai o k.Xatzhgewrgioy:

"Prin apo arketa kalokairia briskomastan sto spiti toy strathgoy Agamemnona Gkratsioy, sth Xalkidikh, mazi me thn korh moy, Melina kai thn jadelfh ths, Elenh, poy htan tote kai oi dyo, 12-13 etwn. Otan hlqe sto spiti o Kwnstantinos Karamanlhs, toy paroysiasa ta dyo koritsia. ''Na sas gnwrisw tis eggones toy Kwsta Lada kai toy Antwnh Bezyrogloy'', toy eipa. Tis koitaje, tis agkaliase kai gyrise kai moy eipe: "Eides, aytoi ta kataferan na kanoyn paidia". H oikogeneia toy eleice para poly. Sterhqhke polla pragmata, gia na ta dwsei ola sthn Ellada. H fwtografia toy Kwsta Karamanlh agkalia me th Melina kai thn Elenh brisketai mexri kai shmera sto spiti moy kai den qa fygei pote apo ekei".

[04] STIS 8 TO PRWI QA ANAKOINWQOYN OI LEPTOMEREIES GIA THN KHDEIA KARAMANLH

Stis 8 to prwi qa anakoinwqei epishma apo thn oikogeneia toy Kwnstantinoy Karamanlh pote, poy kai pws qa ginei h khdeia toy.

Symfwna me plhrofories, o Kwnstantinos Karamanlhs afhse grapth parakataqhkh, me thn opoia zhta na mhn yparjei laiko proskynhma, h nekrwsimh akoloyqia na callei se mikro oikogeneiako kyklo me thn paroysia politikwn filwn kai na tafei ejw apo to idryma Karamanlh sth Filoqeh.

[05] H BALKANIKH POLITIKH TOY KWNSTANTINOY KARAMANLH

Shmantikh, htan h symbolh toy Kwnstantinoy Karamanlh sthn anaptyjh ths synergasias ths xwras mas me tis ypoloipes balkanikes xwres kai sthn edraiwsh toy prwtagwnistikoy roloy ths Elladas sth xersonhso toy Aimoy. Ajiopoiwntas me maestria kai tolmh to gegonos oti h Ellada apotelei to monadiko melos ths Eyrwpaikhs 'Enwshs kai toy NATO sthn perioxh.

Akomh apo thn prwth oktaxronh diakybernhsh toy topoy (1955- 1963), alla kyriws sto diasthma 1974-1980 poy eklexqhke ek neoy prwqypoyrgos, kaqws epishs kai tis periodoys 1980-1985 kai 1990- 1995, kata tis opoies dietelese Proedros ths Dhmokratias, o Kwn. Karamanlhs, ergasqhke me zhlo kai tolmh gia na ferei pio konta thn Ellada pros tis xwres ths perioxhs, epanalambanontas syxna, ayto poy eixe pei sto Boykoyresti, to Maio toy 1975, oti "ta Balkania den prepei pia na qewroyntai pyritidapoqhkh ths Eyrwphs, alla ws mia perioxh eirhnhs kai synergasias".

Epi prwqypoyrgias Karamanlh, to 1976, ejomalynqhkan oi sxeseis ths Elladas me thn Albania, gia thn beltiwshsh twn opoiwn eixan ginei oi prwtes enqarryntikes kinhseis me thn apokatastash prwta twn emporikwn kai sth synexeia kai twn diplwmatikwn epafwn metajy ths Aqhnas kai twn Tiranwn. Oi kinhseis aytes, poy jekinhsan me prwtoboylia ths Elladas, egkainiasan ena neo kefalaio stgm istoria ths diabalkanikhs synergasias. Tis prospaqeies toy Kwn. Karamanlh, tis synexise ta epomena xronia o Andreas Papandreoy, me th dhlwsh toy, to Febroyario toy 1984, toy aparabiastoy twn ellhnoalbanikwn synorwn. Gia na akoloyqhsei apo ton idio, tria xronia argotera, stis 28 Aygoystoy 1987, ths arshs ths empolemhs katastashs poy epi miso aiwna epikratoyse metajy twn dyo xwrwn, dhlhthriazontas tis metajy toys sxeseis.

Meta thn apokatastash ths Dhmokratias sthn Ellada, yphrje, me prwtoboylia toy K. Karamanlh, mia qeamatikh anaptyjh twn sxesewn ths Elladas me th Boylgaria. Anaptyjh sthn opoia eixe syneisferei kai o tote kommoynisths proedros ths geitonikhs xwras Tontor Zibkof. Me synepeia o ajonas synergasias Aqhnwn-Sofias, na apotelei, kata thn teleytaia periodo toy ideologikoy diaxwrismoy ths Eyrwphs, th basikh synistamenh twn isorropiwn sth balkanikh xersonhso. Einai xarakthristiko oti se ola ta keimena twn dimerwn epafwn, poy ypografontan thn meta to 1974 periodo, htan xarakthristikh h frash oti "oi sxeseis Elladas-Boylgarias einai ypodeigma gia tis sxeseis geitonikwn xwrwn me diaforetiko koinwniko-oikonomiko systhma".

Oi prwtes oysiastikes synomilies metajy twn ypoyrgeiwn Ejwterikwn Elladas kai Boylgarias, arxisan sthn Aqhna kai th Sofia ton Ianoyario toy 1975 kai to Febroyario toy idioy etoys, o Boylgaros prwqypoyrgos proskalese ton Karamanlh na pragmatopoihsei epishmh episkech sth xwra toy.

Oi synanthseis me ton Zibkof toy Karamanlh arxika kai sth synexeia toy A.Papandreoy kai h Diakhryjh Filias poy ypegracan oi dyo xwres stis 11 Septembrioy 1986, apotelesan oysiastika th bash gia thn ejelijh twn dimerwn toys sxesewn.

Me thn analhch ths prwqypoyrgias sthn Ellada apo ton Kwn. Karamanlh, stis 24 Ioylioy 1974, oi sxeseis ths Elladas me th Roymania, qa anaptyxqoyn oso pote allote sto parelqon. Einai endeiktiko to gegonos oti to balkaniko anoigma ths Elladas, jekinhse apo thn episkech sto Boykoyresti, to Maio toy 1975, toy tote 'Ellhna prwqypoyrgoy. H ypografh ths Panhgyrikhs Dhlwshs dwdeka arxwn, stis 27 Maioy 1975, poy emele na kaqorisei to mellon twn ellhnoroymanikwn sxesewn, qa mporoyse na xrhsimeysei kai ws to genikotero plaisio ths polymeroys synergasias metajy twn balkanikwn xwrwn. H Symfwnia Oikonomikhs, Biomhxanikhs kai texnikhs Synergasias metajy Elladas kai Roymanias, poy ypegrafh stis 29 Martioy 1976, qa apotelesei staqmo ston kaqorismo toy genikoy plaisioy poy qa diepei efejhs to symbatiko kaqestws anamesa stis dyo xwres. O epizhtoymenos eyrwpaikos prosanatolismos ths Roymanias qa prosdwsei meta to 1994 nea wqhsh kai dynamikh stis ellhnoroymanikes sxeseis.

'Opws shmeiwnoyn oi biografoi toy Karamanlh, h epishmh episkech toy, ton Ioynio toy 1975 sth Gioygkoslabia, htan perissotero ypoqesh mias filikhs roytinas para anoigma kapoias neas portas stis xwres ths legomenes sosialistikes xwres. Sth diarkeia ekeinhs ths episkechs sto Beligradi, ajiopoiwntas tis poly kales sxeseis poy diathroyse me ton gioygkoslabo hgeth Giosip Mpros Tito akomh apo thn epoxh twn prwtwn toy kybernhsewn, o Karamanlhs paroysiase to sxedio toy gia mia diabalkanikh diaskech. Kaqws, opws ektimoyse, h oikonomikh kai texnikh synergasia metajy tym xwrwn ths perioxhs mas, einai efikth, akomh kai otan oi politikes sxeseis einai ojymmenes.

H diaskech, telika synhlqe sthn Aqhna, ton Ianoyario toy 1976 me th symmetoxh ths Ellados, Gioygkoslabias, Boylgarias kai Roymania, kaqws kai antiproswpeias apo thn Toyrkia, enw h Albania, sto plaisio ths politikhs apomonwtismoy poy tote akoloyqoyse h kommoynistikh ths hgesia, arnhqhke eygenika th symmetoxh, epidokimase omws thn idea ths dimeroys synergasias. Sto dromo ths synergasias metajy twn balkanikwn xwrwn, den xwroysan pleon odofragmata. Mia deyterh diabalkanikh diaskech empeirognwmonwn gia qemata metaforwn kai thlepikoinwniwn, pragmatopoihqhke ton Ioynio toy 1979, otan oi kybernhseis ths Boylgarias, Gioygkoslabias, Roymanias kai Toyrkias, apodexqhkan sxetikh prosklhsh ths Elladas.

Telos, prepei na anaferoyme oti oi aristes sxeseis, poy eixe kallierghsei o Karamanlhs me thn tote Sobietikh 'Enwsh, bohqhsan wste ektote h sobietikh hgesia na tassetai staqera yper ths dikaihs epilyshs toy Kypriakoy problhmatos kai kata ths dixotomhshs. Einai xarakthristiko oti akomh kai sth synanthsh koryfhs twn hgetwn HPA-ESSD, poy eixe pragmatopoihqei sto Bladibostok, stis 25 Noembrioy 1974, oi proedroi Fornt kai Mpreznief, eixan taxqei, sto teliko anakoinwqen, yper mias "staqerhs yposthrijhs gia thn anejarthsia, kyriarxia kai edafikh akeraiothta ths Kyproy". Mia staqerh qesh poy diakhryxqhke arketes fores sta epomena xronia apo th sobietikh hgesia kai idiaitera kata thn epishmh episkech toy Karamanlh sth Mosxa, ton Oktwbrio toy 1979.

[06] DHLWSH TOY PROEDROY THS N.D. GIA TON K. KARAMANLH

Amesws meta to qanato toy Kwnstantinoy Karamanlh o proedros ths Neas Dhmokratias Kwstas Karamanlhs dieneime thn akoloyqh grapth dhlwsh:"O megalos empneysmenos hgeths poy allaje th moira ths Elladas perase sthn istoria. Parakataqhkh toy h terastia eqnikh toy prosfora kai diaxroniko ypodeigma h politikh toy symperifora ths alhqeias, ths eyqynhs, toy metroy kai toy apotelesmatos. To orama kai oi arxes toy idryth mas panta qa mas empneoyn kai qa mas odhgoyn. Xreos mas na metoysiwsoyme thn baqeia odynh se dynamh dhmioyrgias kai anagennhshs gia thn Ellada, thn Ellada poy toso agaphse kai poy toso yphrethse o Kwnstantinos Karamanlhs".

[07] OLH H ELLADA QRHNEI TO QANATO TOY KWN. KARAMANLH

'Olh h Ellada kai o apantaxoy ths ghs apodhmos Ellhnismos, qrhnei thn apwleia toy Kwnstantinoy Karamanlh, enos apo toys megalyteroys politikoys hgetes ths xwras poy shmadeyse me thn paroysia toy ton 20o aiwna. Dyo fores Proedros ths Dhmokratias, pente fores prwqypoyrgos, deka fores ypoyrgos kai dwdeka fores boyleyths. Mia polysxidhs proswpikothta poy shmatodothse to legomeno synthrhtiko xwro. 'Htan o anqrwpos poy kaqierwse to prwto Syntagma ths xwras meta thn ptwsh ths diktatorias kai odhghse thn Ellada stoys kolpoys ths Eyrwpaikhs 'Enwshs.

Molis egine gnwstos o qanatos toy, ekproswpoi ths kybernhshs jai oloy toy politikoy kosmoy, kaqws epishs kai aploi polites, me ton pono kai thn odynh zwgrafismena sta proswpa toys, arxisan na syrreoyn sto nosokomeio "Ygeia", opoy noshleyotan to teleytaio diasthma.

'Enas apo toys prwtoys poy breqhke sto nosokomeio, htan o ypoyrgos Eswterikwn, Dhmosias Dioikhshs kai Apokentrwshs k. Alekos Papadopoylos, enw o Eyrwboyleyths kai stenos synergaths toy apoqanontos tews proedroy, k. Takhs Lamprias, otan rwthqhke apo toys dhmosiografoys eipe oti tetoies wres, ta logia peritteyoyn.

O boyleyths Iwanninwn k. Antwnhs Foysas, proserxomenos sto "Ygeia", ekane logo gia to xamo toy megaloy hgeth, opws eipe, enw o boyleyths kai dhmosiografos Giwrgos Karatzaferhs eipe oti "h Ellada einai apo shmera orfanh".

Syntrimmenoi oi allote synergates toy den qelhsan na kanoyn kamia dhlwsh. O monos poy milhse htan o boyleyths ths N.D. Giannhs Barbitsiwths, o opoios tonise oti o Kwnstantinos Karamanlhs "yphrje megalos hgeths, megalos daskalos, to ergo toy h dhmioyrgia toy eyxomai na kaqodhgei ta bhmata toy ellhnikoy laoy".

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