Macedonian Press Agency: Special Report II in Greek, 97-03-03

From: Macedonian Press Agency <mpa@philippos.mpa.gr>

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DEYTERO EKTAKTO DELTIO TOY MAKEDONIKOY PRAKTOREIOY EIDHSEWN

Qessalonikh 3 Martioy 1997

TITLOI EIDHSEWN

[01] TO XRONIKO TWN GEGONOTWN STHN ALBANIA (toy Nikoy Xatzh)

[02] ALBANIA: OLOTAXWS PROS TO ...1991? (toy Blash Blasidh)

OI EIDHSEIS ANALYTIKA

[01] TO XRONIKO TWN GEGONOTWN STHN ALBANIA (toy Nikoy Xatzh)

To pothri ths laikhs orghs “jexylise” to teleytaio trihmero sthn Albania, leitoyrgwntas san wrologiakh bomba -gia thn poreia twn ejelijewn- toso sto eswteriko ths geitonikhs xwras, oso kai sthn eyryterh Balkanikh.

To “skhniko” ths anataraxhs proetoimazotan tis bdomades poy prohghqhkan, kaqws o albanikos laos diappistwne mera me thn hmera to poso akriba plhrwse to oneiro toy eykoloy ploytismoy. Apenanti toy, ena kratos poy -mallon- anadeixthke se synergo -para diwkth- twn paraoikonomikwn trapezikwn sxhmatwn poy me thn “anoxh” toy anaptyxqhkan.

Oi aploi anqrwpoi toy kaqhmerinoy moxqoy qa qymoyntai sigoyra -gia xronia- paratrapezes opws, h Gkalitsa poy “karpwqhke” tis kataqeseis 20.000 Albanwn metanastwn, alla kai posa poy antistoixoyn sthn pwlhsh 2.000 spitiwn. Teleytaies ektimhseis anebazoyn to poso poy diakinhqhke sto kalosthmeno paraoikonomiko systhma metajy 1 ews 2 dis. dolariwn poso “astronomiko” gia ta albanika oikonomika dedomena.

H katastash egine asfiktikh kaqws oi Albanoi eidan thn ajia toy lek na peftei katakoryfa, afoy apo tis arxes toy xronoy paroysiase ptwsh kata 25%, enw h abastaxth kaqhmerinothta edwse sarka kai osta ston efialth ths epibiwshs me thn ektinajh ths anergias sto 80% gia tis perioxes poy -hdh- antimetwpizan sobara oikonomika problhmata.

O proedros Mperisa prospaqhse me mia 15merh periodeia na antistrecei thn katastash paradexomenos -se orismenes periptwseis- ta laqh poy eginan, prospaqwntas parallhla na janapoylhsei stoys Albanoys to “katakermatismeno” oneiro ths eyhmerias. Metajy allwn polewn episkefthke kai aythn ths Episkophs, opoy sto qeatro ths polhs dhlwse xarakthristika: “Mono to Dhmokratiko Komma mporei na prosferei thn kalyterh lysh sth katastash poy dhmioyrghqhke.” Htan omws hdh arga, kaqws h Albania eixe deqei gera sthn teleytaia qesh toy oikonomikoy armatos ths Eyrwphs. Sto panepisthmio ths Aylwnas 55 spoydastes eixan arxisei apergia peinas apaitwntas thn paraithsh ths kybernhshs Meksi.

TO XRONIKO THS EJEGERSHS

H laikh apaithsh gia thn analhch ths kybernhtikhs eyqynhs gia ta paraoikonomika sxhmata pairnei wra me thn wra, megeqos groqias. Synedriazei to dikasthrio twn Tiranwn gia na apofasisei gia th nomimothta h oxi ths apergias peinas twn spoydastwn.

Sabbato 1.3. H kybernhsh Meji paraiteitai ypokyptontas ston aimathro kyklo ths dimhnhs koinwnikhs anataraxhs. Wstoso, toso oi daidhlwtes, oso kai h antipoliteysh apaitoyn akomh perissotera apo ton Mperisa. Shmeiwnetai oti h paraithsh toy prwqypoyrgoy apotelese to prwto bhma ypoxwrhshs sthn kata ta alla akampth stash toy Albanoy proedroy.

Teleytaies plhrofories anebazoyn se ennea ton ariqmo twn nekrwn sthn Aylwna, enw h koinwnikh entash "apeilei" kai ta Tirana.

Se dhlwseis toy o Mperisa, paroysiazei thn apopomph toy Meji kai twn ypoyrgwn toy ws proion symfwnias me thn antipoliteysh. "Se mia prospaqeia epilyshs twn problhmatwn poy exoyn dhmioyrghqei apofasisthke h paraithsh ths kybernhshs Meji," tonise o Albanos proedros.

Wstoso, to proedriko grafeio anakoinwnei oti o Meji qa parameinei yphresiakos prwqypoyrgos mexri to diorismo neas kybernhshs, afoy lhfqoyn ypoch oi qeseis ths antipoliteyshs -pros thn kateyqynsh pantote toy Dhmokratikoy Kommatos. Ajizei na shmeiwqei oti to anaferomeno komma elegxei sxedon to synolo twn edrwn toy koinoboylioy meta ths epeisodiakes ekloges toy 1996. Apo thn allh meria, den yparxei jekaqarh entypwsh gia tis diaqeseis ths antipoliteyshs -eidikotera toy Sosialistikoy Kommatos poy apotelei to apomeinari toy stalinikoy kaqestwtos -poy kybernhse epi 45 xronia- na dextei kai nea kybernhsh toy Dhmokratikoy Kommatos.

O Namik Ntokle, apo toys hgetes twn kommoynistwn yposthrizei to diorismo kybernhshs texnokratwn ws monodromo sthn ejodo apo thn politikh kai oikonomikh krish.

O xoros ths "Makarena" kyriarxei stis ekdhlwseis twn spoydastwn ths Aylwnas meta th gnwstopoihsh ths paraithshs Meji. Parallhla, h diekdikhsh twn oikonomikwn apozhmiwsewn synodeyetai apo pyrobolismoys, kaqws exoyn lehlathqei apoqhkes oplismoy toy stratoy kai ths astynomias, epikratei plhrhs anarxia. Oi spoydastes toy Argyrokastroy poy pragmatopoioyn kai aytoi apergia peinas, de fainetai na arkoyntai sthn paraithsh Meji. "Qa synexisoyme thn apergia peinas, mexri na ekplhrwqoyn oles oi apaithseis mas. H paraithsh einai kinhsh antiperispasmoy," dhlwnoyn.

Sta Tirana diejagetai petropolemos metajy twn astynomikwn dynamewn kai 5.000 politwn poy prospaqoyn na mpoyn sto xwro toy panepisthmioy. Peripoy 10 atoma traymatizontai otan anasygkrotoyntai oi astynomikes dynameis.

Sthn Aylwna proetoimazontai gia tis khdeies triwn qymatwn twn epeisodiwn, metajy twn nekrwn kai enas 17xronos poy skotwqhke thn prohgoymkenh nyxta. Kyriakh 2.3. H katastash ektakths anagkhs pyrodotei dynamikoteres antidraseis, enw toylaxiston 4 atoma skotwnontai. Metajy twn aytwn kai ena 8xrono koritsaki sthn Aylwna. Symfwna me anakoinwsh toy ypoyrgeioy twn Eswterikwn, o ariqmos twn traymatismenwn paramenei aprosdioristos, enw ginetai logos gia "tromokratika xeria."

Omades maskoforwn poy exoyn oplistei ma aytomata kalesnikof pragmatopoioyn epiqeseis kata twn astynomikwn tmhmatwn. Stis perioxes twn sygkroysewn epikratoyn synqhkes emfylioy polemoy.

Sthn Aylwna ws monadikh lysh antimetwpishs twn sygkroysewn proballetai h katastash ektakths anagkhs. O Mperisa -gia prwth fora- kanei logo gia paranomh drash twn kommoynistwn, alla jenwn mystikwn yphresiwn poy epidiwkoyn thn ptwsh toy apo thn ejoysia: "Oplismenoi kommynistes antartes me thn oikonomikh yposthrijh twn jenwn mystikwn yphresiwn, analambanoyn stratiwtikh drash kata ths kybernhshs me stoxo na ths epiblhqoyn dynamika kai na edraiwsoyn to diko toys nomo se oloklhrh th xwra. Syntoma qa aisqanqoyn to siderenio xeri, alla kai th sklhrh timwria twn nomwn toy kratoys." dhlwnei xarakthristika.

Teiqetai xronikos periorismos pros tis omades twn politwn gia na paradwsoyn ta opla toys, enw to koinoboylio chfizei th lhch 5 metrwn gia twn termatismo twn anataraxwn, metajy aytwn thn epibolh logokrisias sta mesa enhmerwshs kai thn xronikh epektash ths stratiwtikhs qhteias.

DIPLWMATIKO SKHNIKO

Se ejwteriko epipedo apo thn prwth stigmh to kaqestws Mperisa epediwje na "paijei" me ta periferiaka ereismata ths alabanikhs ejwterikhs politikhs, poy ylopoioyntai me endexomenh "kinhtopoihsh" twn albanikwn plhqysmwn sthn perioxh toy Kossyfopedioy kai ths PGDM - mesw ths anazwpyrwshs toy albanikoy allytrwtismoy. Sto eswteriko -o prwhn kaqhghths ths iatrikhs sxolhs twn Tiranwn kai proswpikos giatros toy Ember Xotza- polles fores kathgorhqhke gia diktatorikh diakybernhsh me aformh thn symperifora toy, enanti stelexwn ths antipoliteyshs (fylakish Fatos Nano).

Ston apohxo ths prosfaths koinwniko-oikonomikhs krishs sth Boylgaria kai th Serbia h Dysh kai eidikotera oi HPA eixan strammenh thn prosoxh ths sthn Albania, enw to State Department, diatypwse tis anhsyxies toy (thn perasmenh Trith) diathrwntas safh apostash apo ta tektenomena sta Tirana, xwris omws na arei thn - kata genikh omologia- sthrijh toy pros ton Mperisa.

Dyplwmatikoi analytes ektimoyn oti apo ta prwta shmadia kyoforias ths shmerinhs katastashs anarxias sta Tirana, h Oyasingkton ryqmise th stash ths me kyrio melhma thn apofygh qermwn epeisodiwn sto Kossyfopedio, alla kai stis perioxes ths PGDM, opoy zoyn albanikoi plhqysmoi.

Teleytaies plhrofories xarakthrizoyn to Kossyfopedio san "kazani poy sigobrazei," enw brisketai se epikindynh entash apo tom perasmeno Ianoyario, ej' aformhs epixeirhshs ths serbikhs astynomias gia thn ejarqrwsh twn parakratikwn albanikwn organwsewn. H epixeirhsh dihrkhse treis bdomades, prokalwntas thn antidrash toy sklhropyrhnikwn stoixeiwn, poy kalesan se ejegersh ton albaniko plhqysmo, me stoxo thn anejarthsia apo th Serbia.

To kaqestws ths dieyrymenhs aytonomias poy apo to 1974 eixe paraxwrhqei sthn anaferomenh perioxh arxise (apo to 1987) na perikoptetai apo ton Milosebits. Me dedomenh th shmerinh politikh pragmatikothta sto Beligradi, ekmhdenizetai kaqe elpida paraxwrhshs estw kai mias periorismenhs -me gewgrafika krithria- dioikhtikhs aytonomias, kaqws mia tetoia kinhsh qa "jypnoyse" paromoies diekdikhseis apo toys Oyggroys ths Boibontinas kai toys Moysoylmanoys toy Santzak, dhmioyrgwntas klima ektetamenhs apostaqeropoihshs.

Sto shmeio ayto fainetai na apoktoyn bash oi dhlwseis (sto MPE) toy k. Alaintin Ntemiri, ekproswpoy toy Kommatos Dhmokratikhs Eyhmerias twn Albanwn sthn PGDM me tis opoies dinei "gioykoslabikh diastash" gia thn epikrathsh twn synqhkwn anarxias sthn Albania, tonizontas oti, stoxos twn Serbwn einai h metatopish toy kentroy baroys sth Balkanikh apo to Kossyfopedio kai to Beligradi sthn Albania, etsi wste "h Gioykoslabia na stamathsei na apotelei to mayro probato twn Balkaniwn."

To trito shmeio toy problhmatos -poy epishs- prokalei entono problhmatismo, estiazetai sthn antimetwpish endexomenoy kymatos prosfygwn poy qa dextoyn oi geitonikes ths Albanias, xwres.

O DIEQNHS OIKONOMIKOS PARAGONTAS

H shmerinh oikonomikh katastash ypoxrewnei thn Albania na qesei thn oikonomia ths ypo thn khdemonia toy dieqnoys oikonomikoy kefalaioy. Sto plaisio ayto, oi ypoyrgoi ejwterikwn ths Eyrwphs apanthsan qetika sthn ekklhsh gia oikonomikh bohqeia apo to ejwteriko, me thn apeleyqerwsh pistwsewn gia thn anaptyjh twn mikromesaiwn epixeirhsewn , alla kai toy problhmatikoy agrotikoy tomea. Ypo th basikh proypoqesh na yparjei oysiastikh synergasia metajy ths albanikhs kybernhshs kai twn dieqnwn oikonomikwn organismwn.

Opws ektimoyn oikonomikoi kykloi, h apofash stenoterhs oikonomikhs synergasias toy Mperisa me th Dysh einai monodromos, giati sthn antiqeth periptwsh qa prepei -gia thn apozhmiwsh twn mikrokataqetwn- na katafygei eite sthn ektypwsh plhqwristikoy xrhmatos, eite sth "xrhsh" proypologismenwn kefalaiwn apo ton kratiko proypologismo.

Etsi kata genikh omologia h parembash toy dieqnoys oikonomikoy paragonta -afoy jeperastei to sok ths anarxias- krinetai apofasistikhs shmasias.

[02] ALBANIA: OLOTAXWS PROS TO ...1991? ( toy Blash Blasidh)

Ektos elegxoy einai pleon h katastash sthn Albania, kaqws se polles poleis ths notioy Albanias epikratei anarxia para thn khryjh ths xwras se katastash ektaktoy anagkhs kai thn epibolh stratiwtikoy nomoy. To thlesigrafo toy epaneklegentos proedroy Sali Mperisa, oti "qa pyroboleitai epi topoy opoios oploforei" afhnei pagera adiaforoys toso toys pliatsikologoys, oso kai toys diadhlwtes poy zhtoyn thn paraithsh Mperisa.

H shmerinh Albania moiazei oloena kai perissotero me thn Albania toy 1990-1991. Tote h dysareskeia toy albanikoy laoy gia thn aqlia oikonomikh katastash kai o apohxos apo thn katarreysh twn kommoynistikwn kaqestwtwn sta anatolika krath eixan prokalesei to kalokairi toy 1990 tis prwtes antikommoynistikes diadhlwseis sta Tirana, enw arxisan na akoygontai kai oi prwtes antipoliteytikes fwnes.

To Albaniko Komma Ergasias (Kommoynistiko) eixe xarakthrisei toys diadhlwtes tromokrates, alla distase na xrhsimopoihsei stratiwtikh bia enantion toys. Sta telh Dekembrioy 1990 h laikh antidrash ekfrasthke, opws kai twra me ejairetika biaies kai aimathres diadhlwseis. Gia mia ebdomada to Dyrraxio kai to Elbasan briskontan sta xeria twn ejegermenwn kaqws ta swmata asfaleias den mporoysan -alla kai den endiaferontan- na katasteiloyn tis taraxes. Oi kybernhtikes arxes edeijan na aifnidiazontai kai ta metra poy phran xarakthristhkan epieikws ws allhlosygkroyomena.

Stis arxes Febroyarioy 1991 700 foithtes kai kaqhghtes toy panepisthmioy twn Tiranwn jekinhsan apergia peinas me politika aithmata. Tis epomenes hmeres 100.000 diadhlwtes bghkan sta Tirana kai gkremisan ton adrianta toy Ember Xotza.

H palia froyra toy kommoynistikoy kommatos syspeirwmenh gyrw apo ton prwqypoyrgo Antil Tsartsani kathgorhse toys diadhlwtes kai thn antipoliteysh oti prospaqoyn na apostaqeropoihsoyn th xwra kai prostaje ta swmata asfaleias na antimetwpisoyn me ta opla toys diadhlwtes. Oi diatages den eisakoysthkan. Parallhla, plhqh laoy poliorkoysan tis jenes presbeies zhtwntas na promhqeyqoyn biza eisodoy se dytika krath. H Ellada kai h Italia dexqhkan kymata laqrometanastwn.

Oi ekloges poy diejhxqhsan stis 31 Martioy toy 1991 anedeijan nikhtes toys kommoynistes, alla den edwsan lysh sto problhma. H omalopoihsh hrqe me ton sxhmatismo oikoymenikhs kybernhshs kai thn mnhmeiwdh episkech toy Amerikanoy Ypoyrgoy Ejwterikwn Tzeims Mpehker sta Tirana ton Ioynio. H sthrijh poy proseferan kyriws oi Amerikanoi kai kata deytero logo oi Dytikoeyrwpaioi ston Sali Mperisa apokatesthse thn omalothta sto eswteriko kai synebale sth grhgorh entajh ths Albanias sth dieqnh koinothta.

Oi ejelijeis shmera deixnoyn mai ekplhktikh omoiothta me ta gegonota toy 1991. Oi kybernwntes shmera, an kai htan aytoi poy prwtostatoysan sthn prospaqeia apomakrynshs toy kommoynistikoy kommatos apo thn ejoysia, akoloyqoyn thn idia poreia me ekeinh toy Ramiz Alia. Opws kai tote, etsi kai twra h kybernhsh anelabe oles tis eyqynes, enw o Mperisa agwnizetai gia th diaswsh toy.

Omws o Mperisa katonomazetai apo ta qymata twn pyramidwn ws o kyrios ypeyqynos toy skandaloy kai brisketai se dyskolh qesh. Pqospahe_ na elegjei thn katastash katafeygontas se ektakta metra. Hdh exei dwsei entolh sta armata na bgoyn stoys dromoys.

Ta tanks omws den prokeitai na lysoyn to problhma, afoy h kybernhsh fainetai na exei xasei ton elegxo ths katastashs kai thn prwtoboylia twn kinhsewn kai paramenei sthn ejoysia monon kai monon dioti den yparxei enallaktikh politikh lysh. To Sosialistiko Komma (prwhn kommoynistiko) paramenei baqytata diairemeno, enw ta dejia kai kentrwa kommata den apoteloyn ajiopisth lysh, afoy den prolaban na oloklhrwsoyn thn enwsh twn dynamewn toys ton perasmeno Ianoyario kai th dhmioyrgia enos eniaioy politikoy sxhmatismoy.

An to adiejodo parameinei tote yparxoyn sobares piqanothtes h lysh na proelqei apo thn energopoihsh toy jenoy paragonta. Hdh h Ellada kai h Italia zhthsan apo thn Eyrwpaikh Enwsh thn ejetash toy albanikoy qematos kai h ollandikh proedria prosanatolizetai sth syzhthsh se epipedo politikwn dieyqyntwn twn ypoyrgeiwn Ejwterikwn ths Koinothtas.

Agnwsta epishs paramenoyn ta sxedia twn HPA. H Oyasigkton eixe ependysei polla ston Mperisa wste na petyxoyn mia -estw kai eyqraysth- staqerothta sthn kentrikh Balkanikh. An omws h astaqeia synexistei, tote qa yparjei entonh kinhtikothta sthn Albania prokeimenoy na mhn katarreysei olo to systhma isorropiwn ston ajona Tirana-Skopia-Pristina-Beligradi.

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