[01] Sthn K.E. toy PASOK oi listes ypochfiwn

Tis telikes apofaseis gia thn katartish twn chfodeltiwn toy PASOK anamenetai na labei, h Kentrikh Epitroph toy kommatos poy synedriazei ayth thn wra, ypo thn proedria toy prwqypoyrgoy, sto jenodoxeio Karabel. Xqes to brady, to Ektelestiko Grafeio ejetase tis protaseis ths Epitrophs Chfodeltiwn, gia 50 nomoys ths xwras, kaqws ta chfodeltia Aqhnwn, Qessalonikhs, opws kai to Epikrateias, qa tyxoyn eidikoy xeirismoy apo ton idion ton k. Shmith. Egkriqhkan oi ypochfiothtes 167 newn proswpwn ,gegonos poy anebazei sto 47% thn ananewsh twn chfodeltiwn toy PASOK, enw h symmetoxh twn gynaikwn ayjanetai apo 11 se 15 tois ekato.

Wstoso, sta chfodeltia toy kybernwntos kommatos qa yparjoyn 52 kena gia ta opoia qa zhthqei apo thn KE na ta kalycei to Ektelestiko Grafeio.

Symfwna me plhrofories yparxei to endexomeno sth shmerinh synedriash na mhn anakoinwqei kamia ypochfiothta stis perifereies ths Samoy, ths Zakynqoy, ths Kefalonias, ths Kabalas, toy Kilkis, ths Pierias, twn Iwanninwn kai ths Messhnias.

Xqes ejalloy antapokrinomenoi sthn epistolh Shmith, 17 boyleytes dhlwsan oti den qa einai ypochfioi stis epomenes ekloges.

[02] Hmera twn enoplwn dynamewn

Giortazetai shmera se oloklhrh th xwra h hmera twn enoplwn dynamewn. Sto plaisio toy eortasmoy, qa ginei ekdhlwsh stis 6 to apogeyma sto Megaro ths Palaias Boylhs, sthn opoia exei prosklhqei o proedros ths Dhmokratias, enw argotera qa parateqei dejiwsh se kentriko jenodoxeio. Sthn hmerhsia toy diatagh, o ypoyrgos Eqnikhs Amynas, Giannos Papantwnioy aponemei eyshma ston ellhniko strato, tonizontas thn terastia prosfora "oswn qysiasthkan ston agwna gia thn prostasia ths akeraiothtas ths Elladas". Parallhla, pragmatopoieitai kai ekqesh fwtografias gia thn koinwnikh prosfora toy stratoy.

''Isxyres dynameis poy eggywntai thn asfaleia''

O k. Papantwnioy anaferetai epishs sth dynatothta twn Enoplwn Dynamewn na antimetwpisoyn tis ejwterikes apeiles, na diasfalisoyn thn eirhnh kai th staqerothta kai na prosferoyn koinwniko ergo.

Taytoxrona, h hmerhsia diatagh tonizei thn aristh ekpaideysh twn Ellhnwn stratiwtwn, to ychlo toys fronhma kai thn pisth sthn eleyqeria kai th dhmokratia. Symfwna me ton ypoyrgo, oi enoples dynameis. Telos, ginetai ektenh anafora sto koinwniko ergo poy epiteleitai, idiaitera se periodoys fysikwn qeomhniwn kai katastrofwn.

O Ellhnikos laos periballei tis Enoples Dynameis "me aperioristh empistosynh", epishmainei o ypoyrgos kai katalhgontas kalei olo to strateyma na synexisei to ergo toy "me thn idia dynamh kai sto mellon".

Ekqesh fwtografias gia thn koinwnikh prosfora

Sto plaisio toy eortasmoy ginetai kai ekqesh fwtografias me qema thn "Koinwnikh Prosfora twn Enoplwn Dynamewn", h opoia exei stoxo ths na deijei pws oi enoples dynameis kai h koinwnia einai ena anapospasto synolo.

Egkainiazontas thn ekqesh, o k. Papantwnioy xarakthrise tis enoples dynameis "zwtiko kyttaro" ths eqnikhs kai topikhs koinwnias kai anaferqhke stis parembaseis toy ypoyrgeioy Eqnikhs Amynas, ston tomea ths ekpaideyshs, ths ygeias kai allwn koinwfelwn drasthriothtwn. Oi drasthriothtes aytes aposkopoyn sto na bohqhsoyn thn koinwnia, alla kai na eyaisqhtopoihsoyn toys stratiwtes.

"Mesa apo mia seira shmantikwn prwtoboyliwn, filodojia toy ypoyrgeioy einai h ajiopoihsh toy xronoy ths qhteias kai h metatroph ths se eykairia zwhs gia kaqe neo strateymeno. Parallhla, h symmetoxh mas se drasthriothtes, opws h pyroprostasia, h aimodosia kai oi diakomides, fanerwnoyn thn eyaisqhsia me thn opoia antimetwpizoyme ta koinwnika zhthmata", katelhje o k. Papantwnioy.

[03] Synexizontai oi apergies

Me apergies teleiwnei kai h trith ebdomada toy Noembrioy kaqws thn Paraskeyh to apergiako deltio perilambanei apergia twn giatrwn kai twn ergazomenwn sta dhmosia nosokomeia, twn giatrwn toy IKA, toy EKAB kai twn kentrwn ygeias. Thn Paraskeyh apergoyn kai oi odontiatroi, enw to Sabbato ta taji ths Attikhs qa parameinoyn akinhtopoihmena. Thn Pempth parelyse o dhmosios tomeas logw ths 24wrhs apergias ths ADEDY gia to neo misqologio kai thn eisodhmatikh politikh. Sthn kinhtopoihsh symmeteixan oi eforiakoi, oi ergazomenoi sta asfalistika tameia kai toys Organismoys Topikhs Aytodioikhshs, enw dhmotika, gymnasia kai lykeia de leitoyrghsan. Epishs, logw ths apergias twn ergazomenwn sthn Yphresia Politikhs Aeroporias mataiwqhkan polles pthseis eswterikoy ths Olympiakhs Aeroporias kai ths Eitzian

Allepallhles apergies

Thn Paraskeyh pragmatopoioyn 24wrh apergia oi odontiatroi sto dhmosio kai idiwtiko tomea, me apofash ths Omospondias toys. Zhtoyn anaprosarmogh toy timologioy twn odontiatrikwn prajewn.

Thn idia hmera, qa epanalaboyn th deyterh proeidopoihtikh apergia toys oi ergazomenoi sth Monada Organwshs ths Diaxeirishs toy Koinotikoy Plaisioy Sthrijhs (MOD.AE). Aithma toys h metatroph twn dietwn diadoxikwn symbasewn idiwtikoy dikaioy se symbaseis aoristoy xronoy.

Se 24wrh apergia, katerxontai oi idiokthtes taji ths Attikhs to Sabbato 22 Noembrioy, kaqws qewroyn anefikth thn proqesmia poy exei teqei apo to Ypoyrgeio Oikonomias kai Oikonomikwn gia tis paraggelies twn tameiakwn mhxanwn.

Telos h GENOP-DEH anakoinwse 48wrh apergiakh kinhtopoihsh gia th Deytera kai Trith 1 kai 2 Dekembrioy, kanontas logo se anakoinwsh gia adiallakth stash toy Ypoyrgeioy Anaptyjhs.

Sygkentrwseis diamartyrias ths ADEDY

Oi apergoi pragmatopoihsan to meshmeri ths Pempths sygkentrwsh diamartyrias ston pezodromo ths Korah, sto kentro ths Aqhnas, opws epishs kai sth Qessalonikh, ta Iwannina kai se alles megales poleis.

Kata thn omilia toy sth sygkentrwsh ths Aqhnas o proedros ths ADEDY, Spyros Papaspyros, ypogrammise oti h ADEDY qa synexisei ton agwna, shmeiwnontas oti h agwnistikh diekdikhsh einai h monh lysh mprosta stis sobares apeiles stis katakthseis twn ergazomenwn poy einai sthn hmerhsia diatajh.

SXETIKH EIDHSH:

Ypoleitoyrghse o Dhmosios tomeas logw ths apergias

[04] Ekrhjh se trapeza

Ekrhjh aytosxedias bombas shmeiwqhke to prwi sto ypokatasthma ths Eqnikhs Trapezas, poy brisketai sthn odo Orfews 77, sto Botaniko. Thn eyqynh gia thn epiqesh anelabe h organwsh "Antiejoysiastikh Amyna", me thlefwnhma agnwstoy ston thleoptiko staqmo "Megka". Apo thn ekrhjh proklhqhkan mono ylikes zhmies sto eswteriko ths trapezas.

[05] Apergiwn synexeia

Mono ta ektakta peristatika qa ejyphretoyntai kai shmera apo ta Dhmosia nosokomeia, to IKA, ta Kentra Ygeias kai to EKAB, logw twn kinhtopoihsewn giatrwn kai ergazomenwn. Kai oi odontiatroi apexoyn apo ta kaqhkonta toys. To Sabbato apergoyn oi idiokthtes taji, antidrwntas sthn proqesmia topoqethshs tameiakwn mhxanwn sta tajimetra. Sarantaoktawrh apergia apofasise h GENOP/DEH gia th 1 kai 2 Dekembrioy.

[06] Foboi gia nees epiqeseis sthn Toyrkia

Gia to endexomeno newn tromokratikwn xtyphmatwn sthn Toyrkia, proeidopoihsan h Bretania kai oi HPA, meta apo th diplh bombistikh epiqesh aytoktonias sthn Kwnstantinoypolh thn Pempth, poy sygklonise th dieqnh koinothta. Mexri stigmhs, o tragikos apologismos twn epiqesewn enantion toy projeneioy ths Bretanias kai twn grafeiwn ths bretanikhs trapezas HSBC einai 27 nekroi kai 450 traymaties, ek twn opoiwn dyo Ellhnes omogeneis, oi opoioi traymatisthkan elafra. Thn eyqynh twn epiqesewn anelabe anwnymos me thlefwnhma toy gia logariasmo toy ''Islamikoy Metwpoy twn Maxhtwn ths Megalhs Anatolhs'' kai ths Al-Kainta. O Toyrkos YPEJ epibebaiwse toyrkika dhmosieymata, symfwna me ta opoia exoyn pragmatopoihqei syllhceis ypoptwn. Enisxyontai kai sth xwra mas ta metra fylajhs piqanwn stoxwn tromokratikhs energeias, kyriws amerikanikoy, bretanikoy kai israhlinoy endiaferontos.

Dieqnhs anhsyxia kai katadikh

Symfwna me thn efhmerida "Xoyriet", oi arxes gnwrizoyn thn taytothta twn drastwn, poy feretai na einai Toyrkoi.

Apo thn pleyra toys, HPA, Bretania, Ispania, Germania, Ollandia, Belgio, Israhl kai Aystralia ejedwsan tajidiwtikh odhgia gia thn Polh.

"Oi ypeyqynoi gia tis bombistikes epiqeseis sthn Toyrkia prepei na prosaxqoyn enwpion ths Dikaiosynhs", dhlwse o Genikos Grammateas toy OHE, Kofi Anan, ekfrazontas "ta baqytata syllyphthria toy" stis kybernhseis ths Toyrkias kai ths Bretanias kai stis oikogeneies twn qymatwn.

"Katadikazw me kathgorhmatiko tropo tis teleytaies tromokratikes epiqeseis sthn Kwnstantinoypolh. Ekeinoi poy dieprajan aytes tis epiqeseis den sebontai ta anqrwpina dikaiwmata kai ofeiloyme na katadikasoyme tis energeies toys", dhlwse o Kofi Anan.

To Symboylio Asfaleias enekrine apofash me thn opoia katadikazontai "me ton pio kathgorhmatiko tropo" oi epiqeseis. Sthn apofash anaferetai: "Tetoies energeies, opws kai opoiadhpote tromokratikh energeia apeiloyn thn eirhnh kai thn asfaleia. Kaloyme ola ta krath na synergasqoyn sto plaisio twn prospaqeiwn gia ton entopismo kai thn prosagwgh twn drastwn, twn diorganwtwn kai twn yposthriktwn aytwn twn tromokratikwn energeiwn, enwpion ths Dikaiosynhs".

Sto metajy, ews kai thn Kyriakh, sthn Aqhna, h dioikhsh toy Metro apofasise na enteinei th froyrhsh twn xwrwn me aformh tis tromokratikes epiqeseis sthn Kwnstantinoypolh. Etsi, enisxyontai oi bardies ths Yphresias Asfaleias kai Elegxoy toy Metro, enw oi apobaqres qa froyroyntai kai meta to peras leitoyrgias toy apo tis 12.00 to brady ews tis 5.00 to prwi.

Malista, oi ypeyqynoi toy Metro exoyn promhqeytei ena ypersygxrono anixneyth ekrhktikwn alla kai xhmikwn oysiwn. Syntoma, malista, opws dhlwse o dieyqynths ths yphresias Asfaleias kai Elegxoy Leitoyrgias toy Attiko Metro, Dhmosqenhs Giannisopoylos, qa promhqeytoyn alla 19 gia na elegxontai oloi oi staqmoi kai to diktyo. O kaqe anixneyths einai ajias peripoy 80.000 eyrw.

Stro: Ta shmadia ths Al Kainta feroyn oi epiqeseis

Sto xwro toy bombardismenoy bretanikoy projeneioy sthn Kwnstantinoypolh perpathse o ypoyrgos Ejwterikwn ths Bretanias, Tzak Stro, synodeyomenos apo ton Toyrko omologo toy, Ampntoylax Gkioyl, gia na dei apo konta tis katastrofes poy prokalese h bombistikh epiqesh aytoktonias.

O Stro tonise oti oi epiqeseis feroyn ta shmadia ths Al Kainta toy Osama Mpin Lanten kai proeidopoihse oti oi tromokrates endexetai na sxediazoyn na ejapolysoyn kai alles epiqeseis sthn Toyrkia.

''Exoyme plhrofories oti isws sxediazontai ki alles epiqeseis sthn Toyrkia'' tonise ekproswpos toy Forein Ofis.

O Stro shmeiwse, pantws, oti oi epiqeseis sthn Kwnstantinoypolh qa enisxysoyn kai den qa blacoyn thn prospaqeia ths Toyrkias na entaxqei sthn E.E. "Qa enisxyqei h apofasistikothta olwn mas na doyme thn Toyrkia na ginetai plhres melos ths EE", tonise o Bretanos ypoyrgos Ejwterikwn.

O politismenos kosmos antimetwpizei mia ''oikoymenikh apeilh'' apo thn tromokratia, dhlwse o Bretanos ajiwmatoyxos kata th diarkeia koinhs synenteyjhs typoy poy edwse me ton Toyrko omologo toy kai prosqese: ''Prepei na apanthsoyme me synoliko tropo''.

Kata thn afijh toy thn Pempth sto aerodromio ths Kwnstantinoypolhs, o Stro dhlwse oti "prokeitai gia ena frikaleo egklhma enantion olwn twn politismwn".

O Bretanos ypoyrgos phge kat' eyqeian apo to aerodromio sto xwro toy Bretanikoy projeneioy, opoy exasan ta zwh toys toylaxiston 14 atoma, metajy twn opoiwn kai o projenos Rotzer Sort.

O Stro dhlwse oti o Tzortz Mpoys kai o Toni Mpler toy zhthsan na metaferei ta "syllyphthria toys, th sympaqeia toys kai ton apotropiasmo toys" gia tis epiqeseis.

O Bretanos YPEJ prosqese oti kata thn teleytaia episkech toy sthn Kwnstantinoypolh eixe episkefqei kai eixe deipnhsei me ton Sort. "Apoce eimai kai pali edw gia na qrhnhsw to qanato toy genikoy mas projenoy kai olwn twn Bretanwn kai Toyrkwn politwn, poy epesan qymata ayths ths apexqoys energeias", tonise o Stro.

Drakonteia metra asfaleias

Oi epiqeseis exoyn prokalesei paniko oxi mono stoys katoikoys ths Polhs alla kai stis jenes epixeirhseis. Hdh, orismenes dietajan to jeno proswpiko toys na egkataleicei thn Toyrkia.

Ta metra asfaleias einai drakonteia pleon sta megala jenodoxeia ths Kwnstantinoypolhs, enw orismenoi analytes den apokleioyn thn ekdhlwsh epiqesewn akomh kai se emporika ploia poy diasxizoyn ton Bosporo.

O kybernhths ths Kwnstantinoypolhs, Moyamer Gkieler, proeidopoihse oti h astynomia einai apofasismenh na brei toys drastes kai toys ''egkefaloys'' twn epiqesewn sto bretaniko projeneio kai sthn bretanikh trapeza HSBC.

Sxetikes eidhseis:

Loytro aimatos sthn Kwnstantinoypolh

[07] Episkech Mpoys sthn eklogikh perifereia toy Mpler

Thn eklogikh perifereia toy Bretanoy prwqypoyrgoy Toni Mpler sth boreia Agglia, qa episkeftei shmera o Amerikanos proedros Tzortz Mpoys, oloklhrwnontas thn trihmerh epishmh episkech toy, sth Bretania. Meta apo prosklhsh toy Mpler o Amerikanos proedros qa metabei thn eklogikh perifereia toy Mpler, sto Seintzfilint, ena xwrio prwhn anqrakwryxwn, sthn komhteia toy Nteram. Oi dyo hgetes prokeitai na episkeftoyn kai mia topikh pamp kai oi arxes exoyn kinhtopoihqei gia na enisxysoyn thn asfaleia sthn perioxh. Antipolemikes organwseis sxediazoyn diadhlwsh sto xwrio kai anamenetai na kataftasoyn sthn perioxh ekatontades diadhlwtes gia na ekdhlwsoyn thn antiqesh toys sthn amerikanikh politikh sto Irak kai sth Mesh Anatolh.

Dynameis asfaleias

"Elpizoyme oti h diadhlwsh qa einai arketa zwhrh. O Mpoys prepei na katalabei oti o kosmos einai ekei kai qa diadhlwnei me opoion tropo mporei", tonise ekproswpos toy kinhmatos "Stamathste ton polemo".

To xwrio exei apokleistei apo tis dynameis asfaleias kai oi katoikoi dietaxqhsan na apomakrynoyn ta aytokinhta toys apo thn Pempth to brady.

Oi astynomikoi apomakrynan h sfragisan kadoys aporrimmatwn kai grammatokibwtia gia logoys asfaleias.

[08] Albania: Nikh toy Mpolanoy

H Kentrikh Eforeytikh Epitroph sta Tirana mesa apo diafaneis diadikasies epibebaiwse arga to apogeyma ths Pempths th nikh toy ypochfioy dhmarxoy toy Kommatos Enwshs Anqrwpinwn Dikaiwmatwn, Basilh Mpolanoy, sto dhmo ths Xeimarras. H Kentrikh Eforeytikh Epitroph anoije tis kalpes twn tessarwn eklogikwn tmhmatwn, opoy epanalhfqhkan oi ekloges thn Kyriakh stis 16 Noembrioy sth Xeimarra, kai diapistwse oti o ariqmos twn chfodeltiwn stis kalpes den htan taytoshmos me ta apotelesmata twn praktikwn.

Sthn kalph toy eklogikoy tmhmatos toy Kyparoy de breqhke kanena chfodeltio enw sta praktika anaferontan oti o ypochfios toy Sosialistikoy kommatos eixe 250 chfoys kai o ypochfios toy Kommatos Enwshs Anqrwpinwn Dikaiwmatwn, Basilhs Mpolanos kamia chfo.

Wstoso, apo thn katametrhsh twn chfwn stis kalpes twn triwn ypoloipwn tmhmatwn o Basilhs Mpolanos prohgoyntan toy antipaloy ypochfioy toy Sosialistikoy Kommatos Giwrgoy Gkaroy me 400 chfoys. Synepws kai xwris to apotelesma toy tetartoy eklogikoy tmhmatos anadeiknyetai nikhths o Basilhs Mpolanos. To gegonos ayto deixnei oti h kalponoqeia epixeirhqhke mono sta praktika kai den alloiwqhke me epipleon chfodeltia to periexomeno stis kalpes.

[09] Ton Ianoyario h dikh toy Maikl Tzakson

O star ths pop Maikl Tzakson efqase thn Pempth to brady sthn Kalifornia kai phge sto astynomiko tmhma ths Santa Mparmpara kai paradoqhke stis arxes, mia hmera meta thn ekdosh toy entalmatos syllhchs toy me thn kathgoria ths sejoyalikhs parenoxlhshs anhlikoy kat' ejakoloyqhsh. Bghke ejw apo to oxhma poy ton metefere sto astynomiko tmhma me ta xeria toy demena me xeiropaides pisw apo thn plath toy. Oi arxes anakoinwsan oti prepei na toys paradwsei to diabathrio toy kai gia na afeqei eleyqeros prepei na katabalei eggyhsh 3 ekatommyriwn dolariwn. O synhgoros toy Maikl Tzakson, Mark Gkeragkos dhlwse oti o tragoydisths qewrei tis kathgories" apolyta analhqeis".

''Paramenei eleyqeros''

"O Maikl Tzakson plhroforhqhke gia tis kathgories poy toy apodidontai. Sto metajy qa parameinei eleyqeros ews th diejagwgh ths dikhs poy orisqhke stis 9 Ianoyarioy 2004", dhlwse o ekproswpos toy Kris Papas.

O idios prosqese oti o star qa synergasqei me thn astynomia gia na apodeixqei h alhqeia.

Enantion toy star exei stoixeioqethqei kathgorhthrio gia sejoyalikh parenoxlhsh enos 12xronoy kat' ejakoloyqhsh.

Symfwna me to CNN h astynomia phre apo to rantso toy Tzakson hlektronikoys ypologistes, binteotainies kai proswpikh allaholografia.

[10] Ekrhktikh kalhmera sth Bagdath

To jenodoxeio "Palaistinh"

Isxyres ekrhjeis sygklonisan to prwi to kentro ths Bagdaths. Stoxos epiqeshs me treis royketes egine to ypoyrgeio Petrelaiwn, ston tetarto orofo toy opoioy exei jespasei fwtia. Ligh wra nwritera, ta jenodoxeia "Palaistinh" kai "Seraton", sto kentro ths Bagdaths, xtyphqhkan me royketes. Sta jenodoxeia ayta diamenoyn kyriws dhmosiografoi kai stelexh jenwn epixeirhsewn. Wstoso, den yparxoyn plhrofories gia qymata, para mono gia traymatismoys apo ta spasmena tzamia twn ktiriwn. Epishs, dyo ektojeythres royketwn breqhkan konta sthn italikh presbeia.

Anafores gia traymatismoys

Gallos dhmosiografos poy diamenei sto "Palaistinh" dhlwse oti, apo ta pyra traymatisthke sobara enas amerikanos poliths, poy ergazotan gia logariasmo qygatrikhs epixeirhshs ths amerikanikhs petrelaikhs etairias "Xalimparton".

Taytoxrona, ekproswpos toy amerikanikoy stratoy dhlwse oti, den yparxoyn traymaties sto ypoyrgeio Petrelaioy, kaqws to proswpiko exei repo logw ths proseyxhs ths Paraskeyhs.

Ektojeythres konta sthn italikh presbeia

Aytosxedioi ektojeythres royketwn breqhkan konta sthn italikh presbeia sth Bagdath, dhlwse sto Galliko Praktoreio, o epikefalhs ths irakinhs astynomias, strathgos Axmant Impraxim.

Oi ektojeythres breqhkan se enan geitoniko dromo ths presbeias. O prwtos breqhke mazi me toylaxiston 30 royketes, enw ton deytero "synodeyan" alles 22.

Thn Pempth to brady, o epikefalhs twn italikwn stratiwtikwn mystikwn yphresiwn, Nikolo Polari, eixe proeidopoihsei oti yparxei megalos kindynos gia nees epiqeseis enantion twn italikwn symferontwn sto Irak.

[11] Pagkosmia Hmera Thleorashs

H shmerinh hmera einai afierwmenh sthn Thleorash. H hmera ayth giortazetai gia na enqarrynei tis sfairikes antallages twn thleoptikwn programmatwn, idiaitera ekeinwn poy estiazontai sthn eirhnh, sthn asfaleia, sthn oikonomia kai thn koinwnikh anaptyjh, kaqws kai thn ayjhsh twn politistikwn antallagwn. O OHE anakoinwse thn diejagwgh Diaskechs Koryfhs gia thn Koinwnia ths Plhroforias ton epomeno mhna sth Geneyh kai thn organwsh pagkosmioy foroym gia ta hlektronika MME. O GG toy OHE Kofi Anan kalei toys epaggelmaties toy xwroy na adrajoyn thn eykairia kai na skeftoyn tropoys, wste h thleorash na symballei sthn proodo gia thn enhmerwsh olwn twn lawn toy kosmoy. H istoria ths Ellhnikhs Thleorashs.

P. Nipkow, o efeyreths ths thleorashs

O Paul Nipkow htan Germanos fysikos alla kai prwtoporos ths thleorashs.

O Nipkow dhmioyrghse mia peristrefomenh fwtografikh mhxanh diskwn anixneyshs apokaloymenh Nipkow disko kai mia syskeyh analyshs eikonas, poy apotelesthke apo enan grhgora peristrefomeno disko poy topoqeteitai metajy mias skhnhs kai enos fwtoeyaisqhtoy stoixeioy selhnioy.

H eikona eixe mono 18 grammes analysh.

Ton Dekembrio toy 1883 ekane thn skech enos tropoy gia na stalei mia kinoymenh eikona apo to kalwdio.

Hjere oti mia oysia apokaloymenh selhnio afhnei perissoterh hlektrikh energeia na perasei mesa sto fws para sto skotadi.

Skefthke oti qa mporoyse na xrhsimopoihsei ayto to gegonos gia na metatrecei mia eikona se ena hlektriko shma.

O Nipkow hjere oti ola ta pragmata poy blepoyme apoteloyntai apo tis diaforetikes skies toy fwtos kai toy skotadioy.

To mono poy xreiasthke htan kapoios tropos na xwristei mia eikona, opws mia fwtografia, sta shmeia toy fwtos kai toy skotadioy, me th meqodo ths sarwshs.

Istoria ths thleorashs

H "prwth" genia twn thleoptikwn synolwn den htan ej oloklhroy hlektronikh.

H paroysiash (oqonh TV) eixe mia mikrh mhxanh me enan peristrefomeno disko kai enan lampthra neoy, oi opoioi leitoyrghsan mazi gia na dwsoyn mia moytzoyrwmenh kokkinoportokalia eikona gia to miso megeqos mias epixeirhsiakhs kartas.

1831: Sth Megalh Bretania, Michael Faraday kai Joseph Henry peiramatizontai me ton hlektromagnhtismo poy parexei th bash gia thn ereyna sthn hlektrikh epikoinwnia. 1844: O Samuel Mors deixnei dhmosia ton thlegrafo gia prwth fora. 1862: O Italos fysikos, Abbe Giovanni Caselli, einai o prwtos poios stelnei tis staqeres eikones pera apo mia megalh thlefwnikh apostash, xrhsimopoiwntas ena systhma poy kalei "pantelegraph". 1873: Dyo aggloi mhxanikoi thlegrafwn, o May kai o Smith, peiramatizontai me to selhnio kai to fws prokeimenoy na doqei stoys efeyretes enas tropos tis eikones sta hlektrika shmata. 1875: O Sir Joseph John Thomson diabibazei mesw kaqodikwn aktinwn asyrmata shmata. 1876: O Alexander Graham Bell efeyriskei to thlefwno. 1880: O Georg Carey xtizei ena stoixeiwdes systhma xrhsimopoiwntas tis dwdekades twn mikroskopikwn fwtoeyaisqhtwn kyttarwn selhnioy. 1884: Sth Germania, o Paul Nipkow einai aytos poy eftiaje prwtos mhxaniko systhma thleoptikhs anixneyshs, poy apoteleitai apo enan disko me mia speira twn trypwn. Otan o diskos peristrefotane to anqrwpino mati qolwne se ola ta shmeia gia na anadhmioyrghsei mia plhrh eikona 1886: O Oberlin Smith anakalyce thn arxh ths magnhtikhs katagrafhs. 1887: O Hertz stelnei kai lambanei radio kymata. 1889: H tainia poy aneptyje o Eastman kai h fwtografikh mhxanh poy aneptyje o Edison bohqhsan ston na ftiaxtei to prwto systhma tainiwn. 1895: O Italos fysikos Guglielmo Marconi anaptyssei th radio -thlegrafia kai metadidei ton kwdika Mors apo to radiofwno gia prwth fora. 1896: H etairia KODAK anaptyssei thn prwth kinoymenh eikona poy sxediasthke gia probolh 1897: O Karl o Ferdinand Braun, Germanos fysikos, efeyriskei ton prwto swlhna kaqodikwn aktinwn, o opoios apotelei th bash olwn twn sygxronwn thleoptikwn fwtografikwn mhxanwn kai twn dektwn. 1898: O Poulsen dhmioyrghse tis arxes gia thn magnhtikh eggrafh. 1900: O David Sarnoff metanasteyei stis HPA apo th Rwsia se hlikia 9. O kaqhghths toy Reginald A.Fessenden metaferei thn omilia xwris kalwdia 1901: O Guglielmo Marconi metaferei ena shma toy kwdika Mors pera apo ton Atlantiko Wkeano. 1904: O Sir John Ambrose Fleming ergasthke sto pedio ths radiotexnologias kai anakalyce ergasthke sto pedio ths radio texnologias. Anakalyce thn epidrash diorqwshs. 1906: O Lee Deforest anaptyssei to "Audion", enan keno swlhna ikano gia ta shmata, pragma poy qa ferei thn hlektronikh epanastash. Epishs to idio etos, Boris Rosing apo thn Rwsias anaptyssei ena systhma poy syndyazei thn aktina kaqodwn me enan disko Nipkow, dhmioyrgwntas pagkosmiws to prwto systhma leitoyrgias gia th thleorash 1907: O Boris Rosing sth Rwsia kai A.A.Campbell-Swinton sthn Agglia anaptyssoyn taytoxrona tis meqodoys anaparagwghs eikonas xrhsimopoiwntas thn hlektronikh anixneysh. 1908: O hlektrologos mhxanikos A.A.Campbell-Swinton, dhmosieyei ena hlektroniko thleoptiko systhma poy xrhsimopoiei enan swlhna kaqodikwn aktinwn kai gia to dekth kai gia th kamera. 1909: O Charles Herrold kanei thn prwth epityxh radiofwnikh metadosh sto San Jose Calling 1910: Qespisthke o prwtos omospondiakos nomos epikoinwnias, o asyrmatos nomos skafwn. 1913: O Edison xrhsimopoihse gia prwth fora th diamantenia belona sto prwto fwnografo sthn Amberola. 1915: To prwto systhma radio- thlefwnikhs epikoinwnias kataskeyasthke apo ton Bell Labs 1918: O Armstrong efeyriskei to ypereterodyno dekth. 1919: O Hoxie anaptyssei ton hxo mesa se kinoymenh eikona 1922: O Farnsworth ereyna thn hlektronikh metadosh eikonas. 1923: Vladimir Zworykin katoxyrwnei me diplwma eyresitexnias to Eikonoskopio, mia lyxnia hlektronikhs kameras. Mexri to telos toy 1923 exei paragagei kai enan swlhna paroysiashs eikonwn, to "Kinhskopeio". 1924: O John Logie Baird einai o prwtos poy ekpempei mia kinoymenh figoyra, xrhsimopoiwntas ena mhxaniko systhma basismeno sto montelo toy P. Nipkow 1925: O John Logie Baird lambanei thn prwth akribh thleoptikh eikona kai o Vladimir Zworykin pairnei to prwto diplwma eyresitexnias gia thn egxrwmh thleorash, an kai ta hlektronika systhmata xrwmatos den anaptyssontai plhrws mexri 25 eth argotera. O Rice kai o Kellogg anaptyssoyn to prwto praktiko megafwno. 1926: John Logie Baird dinei thn prwth epityxh dhmosia epideijh ths mhxanikhs thleorashs sto ergasthrio toy sto Londino. O Alexanderson anaptyssei to systhma diskwn anixneyshs thleorashs. 1927: O Farnsworth ekpempei thn prwth hlektronikh eikona thleorashs poy efarmosthke gia to diplwma eyresitexnias sthn hlektronikh thleorash. Sta thlefwnika ergasthria Bell egine epideijh asyrmaths thleorashs metajy Oyasigkton kai Neas Yorkhs sth prwth pagkosmia thleoptikh metadosh logoy kai ekpomphs makras diarkeias 1928: Kaqierwqhke h Omospondiakh epitroph Asyrmatwn Ekpompwn O Pfleumer katoxyrwnei th magnhtikh tainia me diplwma eyresitexnias. O John Logie Baird ekpempei diabibazei eikones toy apo to Londinoy sth Nea Yorkh mesw braxewn kymatwn. Prosteqhke hxos stis kinoymenes eikones h "Omiloyses tainies gennhqhkan" 1929: O Zworykin kanei epideijh toy ejoloklhroy hlektronikoy systhmatos thleorashs. Sto Londino, John Logie Baird anoigei to prwto pagkosmio thleoptiko, alla mporei atexnes kai apotomes eikones . Entoytois, h thleoptikh eikona toy Baird epedrase elaxista sthn optikh plhroforia, einai dynath h ekpomph toys apo kanonikwn kymatwn radiopompoys. 1930: To BBC arxizei thn kanonikh thleoptikh metadosh. O Farnsworth phre to diplwma eyresitexnias dektwn gia epejergasia eikonas sth syskeyh epanalhcewn. 1931: Oi mhxanikoi ths AEG jekinhsan na ergazontai sto magnhtofwno eggrafhs. 1932: O Langmuir diejagei thn ereyna gia th fysh aerioy poy periexetai mesa ston kaqodiko swlhna To NBC arxizei tis peiramatikes thleoptikes ekpompes. O Schroter perigrafei th meqodo eggrafhs eikonwn sth magnhtikh tainia. 1934: Idryetai to amoibaio systhma radiofwnikhs anametadoshs. Anaptyssetai o swlhnas ths kameras orqikwn.

Prwtes thleoptikes ekpompes se Germania kai Agglia. H AEG kai h Telefunken paragei to swlhna toy magnhtofwnoy eggrafhs.

H Germania jekinaei thn prwth pagkosmia yphresia thleoptikwn tainiwn treis fores thn ebdomada. H Gallia arxizei tis prwtes kanonikes metadoseis ths apo thn koryfh toy pyrgoy toy Aifel. 1936: Yparxoyn 2000 thleoraseis poy xrhsimopoioyntai se olon to kosmo. To BBC epistrefei stoys arxikoys ryqmoys ths prwths Pagkosmias dhmosias yphresias ychlhs eykrineias hlektronikhs thleorashs sto Londino 1937: H CBS anaggellei to programma anaptyjhs thleorashs. 1938: Aithsh diplwmatos eyresitexnias arxeiwn Marzocci gia to peristrofikh kefalh eggrafhs hxoy. 1939: Anaptyssontai oi arxes ths katagrafhs enallassomenoy reymatos. Sth Pagkosmia ekqesh sth Nea Yorkh kai th xrysh dieqnh epideijh pylwn sto San Fransisko pragmatopoioyntai epideijeis montelwn thleorashs. O Roosevelt ginetai prwtos amerikanos Proedros poy ekfwnei logo sthn thleorash.

H epixeirhsh DuMont arxizei thn paragwgh thleoptikwn synolwn gia toys katanalwtes. 1940: O Dr Peter Goldmark eisagei ena 343-apomonwmeno systhma egxrwmhs thleorashs gia thn kaqhmerinh metadosh, h opoia xrhsimopoiei enan disko triwn filtrwn (kokkinos, prasinos, mple). 1946: H prwth thleoptikh ekpomph mesw toy omoajonikoy kalwdioy metadidetai apo th Nea Yorkh sthn Oyasigkton O Zoomar eisagei ton prwto epaggelmatiko fako zoym. 1947: H prwth paragwgh tainiwn Hollywood gia thn thleorash einai o dhmosios kathgoros. Ton idio xrono ginetai epideijh sta ergasthria Bell gia thn anaptyjh toy tranzistor. 1948: To thleoptiko akroathrio ayjanetai kata 4000 tois ekato kai gia thn akribeia ena ekatommyrio spitia stis HPA exoyn twra ena thleoptiko synolo. 1950: O Mullin arxizei thn ergasia gia to thleoptiko organo katagrafhs gia tis epixeirhseis Crosby. Anaptyssetai to trixrwmo kinoskopeio. Anaptyssetai h lyxnia vidicon. H kalwdiakh thleorash arxizei stis HPA kai oi proeidopoihseis arxizoyn na aporreoyn gia tis epidraseis twn biaiwn programmatwn sta paidia 1951: H prwth egxrwmh thleoptikh ekpomph jekinaei stis HPA 1952: H omada toy Ampex VTR anaparagei th molis anagnwrisimh eikona apo tainia. 1953: H ekpomph egxrwmhs thleorashs jekinaei. H Toshiba arxizei thn ergasia gia to elikoeides thleoptiko organo katagrafhs anixneyshs. Oi prwtoi idiwtikoi thleoptikoi staqmoi arxizoyn th leitoyrgia toys se Sudbury kai to Londino. 1956: Jekinhse h epoxh ths forhths aspromayrhs thleorashs. H etairia Ampex epideiknyei thn eggrafh magnhtotainias. 1960: H syzhthsh metajy Nijon kai Kennenty metadidetai apeyqeias apo thn thleorash. To Enenhnta tois ekato twn amerikanikwn spitiwn exoyn to diko toys ejoplismo thleorashs kai h Amerikh ginetai h prwth ston kosmo ths thleoptikhs koinwnias Ayth th stigmh yparxoyn 100 ekatommyria thleorashs pagkosmiws 1963: O thlexeirismos pompwn thleorashs ejoysiodoteitai apo thn FCC TV. 1964: Egkatastaqhke to prwto aytomato systhma programmatos thleorashs. 1968: To CBS xrhsimopoiei ena forhto mikrokamera gia kalycei politika synedria. 1969: Stis 20 Ioylioy to 1969 ginetai h prwth thleoptikh metadosh apo to feggari opoy parakoloyqeitai 600 ekatommyria qeates pagkosmiws th stigmh poy o Neil Armstrong perpataei sto feggari. 1971: H Notia Afrikh den exei kamia thleorash kaqoloy. 1972: Jekinhsan peiramata gia to teletext sto Hnwmeno Basileio. Oi prwtes proeggrafhs kasetes bgainoyn sthn agora gia to koino. To BBC anaptyssei "ygihs", ena chfiako systhma kwdikopoihshs me th dynatothta eisodoy gia to syndyasmo eikonas kai hxoy. 1973: Pwleitai gigantia oqonh probolhs egxrwmhs thleorashs. Stis 10 Maioy toy 1977 h Notia h Afrikh blepei thleorash gia prwth fora. 1980: Stis HPA kai sthn Germania qespizontai nomoi kai periorismoi gia thn prostasia twn anqrwpinwn dikaiwmatwn me apotelesma na yparjei oikonomikh apotyxia.

Gia thn istoria ths Ellhnikhs Thleorashs deite to sxetiko Link: http://www.ert.gr/newtv/history/c2s7p1.html

The Hellenic Radio (ERA): News in ASCII Greek Directory - Previous Article - Next Article