[01] Gia epidojoys xoreytes

Oi ereynhtes toy Tmhmatos Klinikwn Neyroepisthmwn toy panepisthmioy ths Ojfordhs, me epikefalhs th Sarlot Stagk, poy dhmosieysan th sxetikh meleth sto egkrito periodiko biologias ``Current Biology'', symfwna me tis bretanikes ``Telegkraf'' kai ``Nteili Meil'', diapistwsan oti h oysia GABA, analoga me to epipedo poy yparxei sta egkefalika kyttara, dieykolynei h, antiqeta, dyskoleyei th zwh twn xoreytwn kai idiws oswn maqainoyn nees kinhseis, eite me ta podia toys (xoros), eite me ta daxtyla toys (moysika organa).

H GABA dra san anastoleas poy empodizei toys neyrwnes (ta kyttara toy egkefaloy) na syndeontai metajy toys kai na dhmioyrgoyn nees synaceis. Me ton tropo ayto, profylassei ta kyttara apo to na yperqermanqoyn, alla kai epibradynei h dyskoleyei thn ekmaqhsh newn pragmatwn, h opoia proapaitei th dhmioyrgia newn syndesmwn (synacewn) metajy twn neyrwnwn.

Merikes fores, opws sthn periptwsh ths ekmaqhshs newn xoreytikwn kinhsewn, einai xrhsimo na exei kaneis xamhlotero epipedo GABA, wste o egkefalos na ``pairnei fwtia''. Merikoi anqrwpoi, symfwna me toys Bretanoys neyroepisthmones, exoyn mia ikanothta na meiwnoyn apotoma to epipedo ths GABA ston egkefalo toys ki etsi maqainoyn amesws na xoreyoyn pio eykola. Ayta ta atoma mporoyn na ``piasoyn'' me thn prwth mia nea xoreytikh figoyra kai na thn epanalaboyn xwris dyskolia h mporoyn na maqoyn eykolotera na sygxronizoyn ta daxtyla toys sto piano.

Oi episthmones ekanan peiramata me 12 eqelontes, stoys opoioys metrhsan to epipedo ths GABA ston kinhtiko floio toy egkefaloy toys me th bohqeia eidikhs meqodoy magnhtikhs apeikonishs. Sth synexeia, mesw diakraniakhs diegershs me hlektriko reyma xamhlhs tashs, oi ereynhtes meiwsan texnhta to epipedo ths GABA stoys egkefaloys twn eqelontwn. Etsi, diapistwsan oti, me meiwmenh pleon thn posothta ths GABA peripoy 30% twn eqeleontwn ayjhsan thn taxythta ekmaqhshs kata 70%. H texnhth meiwsh ths GABA dihrkese peripoy mia wra, an kai prohgoymenes meletes exoyn deijei oti einai dynato na diarkesei gia perissotero xrono.

Genika, ston egkefalo oswn ta katafernoyn kalytera me tis nees kinhseis, h oysia GABA ayjomeiwnetai sxedon dramatika (ara h taxeia ptwsh ths dieykolynei thn ekmaqhsh newn kinhsewn), se sxesh me osoys ``zorizontai'', stoys opoioys to epipedo ths GABA paramenei pio staqero.

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