[01] Problhmatismos sthn KO toy PASOK gia ta nea metra

Se mia maxh poy ``dinoyme edw kai dyo xronia me megales qysies toy ellhnikoy laoy kai poy prepei na kerdisoyme'' anaferqhke o prwqypoyrgos Giwrgos A. Papandreoy stis synanthseis poy eixe xqes sto grafeio toy sth Boylh me toys boyleytes toy PASOK poy eklegontai stis perifereies Ioniwn Nhswn kai Krhths.

Thn agwnia toys gia thn poreia ths xwras, alla kai gia thn apotelesmatikothta kai tis epiptwseis sthn zwh twn politwn apo ta metra poy fernei h kybernhsh, ejefrasan boyleytes toy kybernwntos kommatos kata thn polywrh synedriash toy dieyrymenoy KTE Oikonomikwn toy PASOK poy synhlqe gia na enhmerwqoyn gia ta nea metra apo ton antiproedro ths kybernhshs kai ypoyrgo Oikonomikwn Eyaggelo Benizelo kai toys ypoyrgoys Dioikhtikhs Metarryqmishs Dhmhtrh Reppa kai Ergasias kai Koinwnikhs Asfalishs Giwrgo Koytroymanh.

"Den yparxei allos dromos", tonise o Eyaggelos Benizelos, analyontas thn anagkaiothta twn newn metrwn.

[02] Talaipwrias synexeia gia to epibatiko koino

Sygkekrimena, oi ergazomenoi sta Mesa Staqerhs Troxias, dhladh sto Metro, ton Hlektriko Sidhrodromo kai sto Tram apofasisan na synexisoyn kai shmera thn kinhtopoihsh toys, me nea 24wrh apergia.

[03] "H Ellada den einai monh"

"Den mporoyme anagkastika na sygkrinoyme ayto poy synebh se mia xwra me ayto poy symbainei twra se mian allh", dhlwse h Kristin Lagkarnt, otan rwthqhke gia th sygkrish metajy twn dyo xwrwn.

H epibradynsh ths oikonomias "den apotelei dikaiologia gia na stamathsoyme na bazoyme tajh sta dhmosionomika mas", dhlwse apo thn Oyasingkton o Epitropos ths EE gia tis Oikonomikes Ypoqeseis Oli Ren.

O idios diabebaiwse epishs oti oi Eyrwpaioi den qa epitrecoyn mia "anejelegkth xreokopia" ths Elladas, oyte mia ejodo ths xwras apo thn eyrwzwnh, giati ayto "qa prokaloyse terastia oikonomikh kai koinwnikh zhmia" se "oloklhrh thn Eyrwpaikh Enwsh" me "sobaro antiktypo sthn pagkosmia oikonomia".

"H EE den qa egkataleicei thn Ellada", epemeine se omilia toy sto Institoyto Piterson, ereynhtiko kentro sthn amerikanikh prwteyoysa.

[04] Agwnia gia to mellon kai ergasiakh anasfaleia

Xarakthristiko einai pws to 79% twn erwthqentwn dhlwnei pws qa anaballei tis agores poy mporoyn na perimenoyn, enw to 73% qa perioristei sto na promhqeyetai mono ta apolytws aparaithta agaqa, pososta poy einai kata poly ychlotera apo ton meso oro twn ypoloipwn Eyrwpaikwn kratwn.

Ayto prokyptei apo ta apotelesmata ths fetinhs ereynas ths The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) gia thn symperifora twn katanalwtwn ypo ton titlo \"Plohghsh sta Nea Dedomena twn Katanalwtwn\" poy paroysiasthke se ekdhlwsh toy Ellhnoamerikanikoy Emporikoy Epimelhthrioy enw epishmanqhke oti h krish epefere allages oxi mono sth katanalwtikh symperifora alla kai stis basikes ajies, kati poy an ginei antilhpto apo toys epixeirhmaties, mporei na ypodeijei tis eykairies poy krybontai pisw apo th nea sklhrh pragmatikothta.

Opws epishmanqhke se sxetikh ekdhlwsh toy epimelhthrioy, apo thn ereyna prokyptoyn 5 shmantikes eykairies gia tis epixeirhseis sthn Ellada. Prwton, ta nea dedomena sthn katanalwsh me megalyterh emfash kai anabaqmish ths katanalwshs sto spiti me thn oikogeneia kai filoys. Deyteron, h ajiopoihsh ths proqeshs twn katanalwtwn na jodecoyn perissotera ypo proypoqeseis kai se orismenes kathgories (freska trofima, galaktokomika, paidikos royxismos klp). Epishs, idiaiterh shmasia dinetai se proionta kai yphresies poy dinoyn ston katanalwth shmantikh texnikh diafora h kalytero apotelesma. Triton, amesh kai praktikh prosarmogh twn katanalwtwn sth kyria tash na jodeyoyn ligotera.

Oi katanalwtes kynhgoyn tis kalyteres times kai niwqoyn ikanopoihsh otan tis entopizoyn. Tetarton, enarmonish ths epikoinwnias me th swsth seira ajiwn. H ejoikonomhsh, h ygeia kai oi agores moy na ajizoyn ta xrhmata toys einai sth koryfh ths listas twn katanalwtikwn ajiwn. Telos, h \'\'ejypnh\'\' ajiopoihsh toy diadiktyoy kai twn selidwn koinwnikhs diktywshs dhmioyrgoyn ena antagwnistiko pleonekthma se aytoys poy mporoyn kai to ekmetalleyontai katallhlws.

Sto xairetismo toy o proedros toy Ellhnoamerikanikoy Emporikoy Epimelhthrioy k. Giannos Grammatidhs, epeshmane thn anagkh prosarmoghs twn etairiwn sta nea dedomena ths epoxhs mas kai kyriotera stis anagkes twn katanalwtwn. H ellhnikh koinwnia, eipe sygkekrimena o k. Grammatidhs, plhttetai banaysa apo mia domikoy xarakthra krish kai antistoixa domikes prepei na einai kai oi allages sthn etairikh filosofia, ananewnontas th sxesh ths agoras me ton katanalwth - polith.

Sth synexeia, o epikefalhs ths BCG sthn Aqhna k. B. Antwniadhs tonise oti h idiwtikh katanalwsh anekaqen htan parametros kleidi toy eqnikoy AEP kai parolh th meiwsh ths, paramenei to 76% toy paragomenoy eisodhmatos.

Parallhla, epeshmane oti h krish epefere allages oxi mono sth katanalwtikh symperifora alla kai stis basikes ajies, kati poy an ginei antilhpto, mporei na ypodeijei tis eykairies poy krybontai pisw apo th nea sklhrh pragmatikothta.

H ereyna diejhxqh ton Martio-Aprilio toy 2011 parallhla se 21 xwres, opoy erwthqhkan sxedon 25.000 katanalwtes kai gia prwth fora symperilhfqh kai h Ellada me 800 symmetexontes. Sygkrinei thn symperifora toy mesoy katanalwth stis symmetexoyses xwres kai ypogrammizei endiaferoyses omoiothtes kai shmantikes diafores.

Oi epiptwseis ths oikonomikhs krishs den periorizontai mono sthn agorastikh symperifora twn katanalwtwn alla epekteinontai kai stis ajies poy pleon proballontai ws shmantikoteres se sxesh me prin dyo xronia. Sth koryfh ths listas briskontai h \'apotamieysh\', h \'ygeia\', h \'oi agores moy na ajizoyn ta xrhmata toys\' (value for money), h \'eyqymia\', h \'hremia\', to \'spiti moy\'.

Eidikotera omws, oson afora ta eidh polyteleias, nai men einai sth teleytaia qesh alla me xamhloterh ptwsh sthn shmasia toys se sxesh me thn ypoloiph Eyrwph, epibebaiwnontas pws oi Ellhnes ta apoxwrizontai me perissoterh dyskolia ''.

Analytikotera:

- To 74% twn erwthqentwn dhlwnei pws ephreasthke proswpika apo thn krish enw to antistoixo pososto stis pente megales xwres ths EE (Germania, Gallia, Hnwmeno Basileio, Italia, Ispania) einai sto 47% enw stis HPA einai sto 57%.

- To 77% twn erwthqentwn sthn Ellada apanthse pws agwnia gia to mellon enw stis pente megales xwres ths EE einai sto 53% kai stis HPA sto 52%.

- Sto erwthma poso asfalhs niwqete sth paroysa ergasia sas to 24% twn Ellhnwn dhlwnoyn poly anasfalhs/anasfalhs enw ta pososta stis ypoloipes Eyrwpaikes xwres einai mikrotera afoy sthn Ispania einai sto 19%, sthn Italia 18%, sth Gallia 17%

- To 60% twn erwthqentwn sthn Ellada dhlwnei pws meiwse tis dapanes toy to prohgoymeno etos enw ena epipleon 53% isxyrizetai pws qa meiwsei tis dapanes toy peraiterw to 2011 (44% twn erwthqentwn stis 5 megales xwres ths EE kai tis HPA dhlwnoyn pws qa meiwsoyn tis dapanes toys, toys epomenoys 12 mhnes).

Parallhla omws, an kai oi Ellhnes exoyn ephreastei perissotero apo th krish dhlwnoyn, se megalytero baqmo apo oti oi Eyrwpaioi, oti otan h krish jeperastei qa arxisoyn na jodeyoyn opws prwta.

H ereyna analyei diejodika ta sxedia twn katanalwtwn gia ayjhsh, staqeropoihsh h meiwsh twn dapanwn toys epomenoys 12 mhnes, ana 49 kathgories proiontwn poy xwrizontai se trofima kai mh-trofima. Pio sygkekrimena:

- To 58% twn erwthqentwn sthn Ellada skopeyei na meiwsei tis dapanes toy sta trofima enanti toy 7% poy dhlwnei oti qa tis ayjhsei. To ypoloipo 35% oyte qa tis meiwsei oyte qa tis ayjhsei.

- Oi kathgories poy fainetai pws qa plhgoyn perissotero einai ta oinopneymatwdh kai oi mpires opoy to 71% kai 70% twn katanalwtwn antistoixa dhlwnoyn pws qa meiwsoyn tis dapanes toys.

- Antiqeta oi kathgories stis opoies parathroyntai oi megalyteres ayjhseis dapanwn einai ta freska faghta kai ta galaktokomika proionta opoy to 17% twn katanalwtwn dhlwnoyn pws qa ayjhsoyn tis dapanes toys.

H krish omws plhttei kai thn agora trofimwn. Etsi:

- To 65% twn erwthqentwn sthn Ellada skopeyei na meiwsei tis dapanes toy sta mh-trofima enanti toy 8% poy dhlwnei oti qa tis ayjhsei. To ypoloipo 27% oyte qa tis meiwsei oyte qa tis ayjhsei.

- Oi kathgories poy fainetai pws qa plhgoyn perissotero einai ta kosmhmata-ajesoyar kai ta fast food opoy to 76% kai 71% twn katanalwtwn antistoixa dhlwnoyn pws qa meiwsoyn tis dapanes toys.

- Antiqeta oi kathgories stis opoies parathroyntai oi megalyteres ayjhseis dapanwn einai ta paidika royxa opoy to 16% twn katanalwtwn antistoixa dhlwnoyn pws qa ayjhsoyn tis dapanes toys.

- Ta freska faghta, ta galaktokomika proionta kai h katanalwsh sto spiti -se antidiastolh me thn diaskedash kai thn katanalwsh ektos spitioy- einai oi kathgories oi opoies fainetai pws eynooyntai perissotero apo thn nea, pio syneidhth-orqologikh katanalwtikh symperifora twn Ellhnwn.

Oi Ellhnes katanalwtes dhlwnoyn pws qa allajei h agorastikh toys symperifora toys epomenoys 12 mhnes. Oi treis pio shmantikes allages kata seira shmasias einai oi ejhs:

- qa anaballoyn megala ejoda ta opoia mporoyn na perimenoyn

- qa meiwsoyn kata poly ta ejoda toys sta mh-aparaithta

- qa deijoyn megalytero endiaferon gia prosfores kai qa agorazoyn perissotera proionta poy einai se prosfora

Oi Ellhnes otan cwnizoyn dhlwnoyn pws caxnoyn na entopisoyn kyriws proionta poy exoyn shmantikes texnikes diafores kai proionta poy apoferoyn kalytera apotelesmata kai dinoyn mikroterh shmasia sth marka. H ekrhktikh dieisdysh twn proiontwn idiwtikhs etiketas se oles sxedon tis kathgories proiontwn einai ajioshmeiwth. Oi katanalwtes epilegoyn ta proionta idiwtikhs etiketas ws ena tropo gia na meiwsoyn tis dapanes toys anazhtwntas kalyteres times gia tis agores toys apo ta soyper-market. Alla den xrhsimopoioyn to diadiktyo oso oi Eyrwpaioi kaqws mono to 54% dhlwnei pws eiserxetai se ayto mesw staqeroy ypologisth pososto poly xamhlotero apo to 76% twn 5 megalwn xwrwn ths EE.

Metajy twn 29 katanalwtikwn ajiwn stis prwtes qeseis gia ton Ellhna katanalwth briskontai kata seira:

- H apotamieysh, h ygeia, h sxesh ajias-xrhmatwn (value for money) kai h eyqymia. Se antiqesh me th polyteleia kai to ployto poy briskontai stis xamhloteres qeseis ths klimakas. Ajioshmeiwto omws einai to gegonos pws oi Ellhnes apoxwrizontai pio dyskola apo oti oi Eyrwpaioi ta eidh polyteleias pragma to opoio fainetai apo thn xamhloterh ptwsh poy eixe h shmasia ths polyteleias gia toys Ellhnes -enanti twn Eyrwpaiwn.

Telos, oi Ellhnes katanalwtes dhlwsan pws gia na ektonwsoyn to agxos toys protimoyn na pernoyn xrono me thn oikogeneia toys kai me toys filoys toys.

[05] Epanapatrizontai dyo shmantikes arxaiothtes

Ta dyo antikeimena einai tmhmata enos epitymbioy anaglyfoy kai mias enepigrafhs sthlhs, dieykrinizei to politistiko idryma sthn anakoinwsh toy.To qraysma toy epitymbioy anaglyfoy, poy apeikonizei mia gynaika poy kaqetai dipla sth doylh ths, xronologeitai sto telos toy 5oy p.X. aiwna kai den exei pote ekteqei apo to moyseio. To kyriws meros toy epitymbioy anaglyfoy apo to opoio proerxetai ektiqetai sto Moyseio Kanellopoyloy sthn Aqhna.

To qraysma apo thn enepigrafh sthlh, poy ektiqetai sto Moyseio-Bila Gketi sto Malimpoy, ferei epigrafh, 65 grammes, kai stis treis pleyres ths poy anaferetai stis qysies kai toys eortasmoys poy ginontan sto Qoriko Attikhs. Topoqeteitai xronika sthn periodo 430-420 p.X., kai apokthqhke apo to moyseio to 1979.

Ayth h sthlh qa parameinei sth Bila Gketi, me th morfh daneioy apo to ellhniko Ypoyrgeio Politismoy, anaferei to moyseio.

\"H apofash toy Gketi na epistrecei dyo antikeimena (sthn Ellada) einai idiaitera eyprosdekth kai einai ena paradeigma twn prospaqeiwn toy ypoyrgeioy gia ton epanapatrismo kai thn ekqesh ellhnikwn arxaiothtwn sth xwra proeleyshs toys\", anaferei o Ellhnas Ypoyrgos Politismoy, Paylos Geroylanos, se anakoinwsh toy.

To Moyseio Gketi kai oi ellhnikes arxes exoyn epishs ypogracei mia symfwnia synergasias stoys tomeis ths episthmonikhs ereynas, twn antallagwn politistikwn agaqwn kai ths prowqhshs ths ellhnikhs politistikhs klhronomias.

\"H symfwnia epibebaiwnei th desmeysh twn dyo merwn gia thn katapolemhsh ths paranomhs diakinhshs arxaiothtwn\", dieykrinizetai sthn anakoinwsh.

\"To Gketi exei desmeytei gia th diathrhsh ths pagkosmias kallitexnikhs klhronomias kai ayth h symfwnia me thn Ellada apodeiknyei thn prospaqeia mas\", dhlwse o Tzeims Kano, Proedros toy Moyseioy.

[06] Sobaros traymatismos 21xronhs apo ekrhjh mhxanismoy se katasthma

H kopela eixe paei na anoijei to cilikatzidiko kai symfwna me ta mexri stigmhs stoixeia, brhke kremasmenh sto xeroyli ths portas mia tsanta. \'Otan thn paramerise gia na balei to kleidi shmeiwqhke h ekrhjh, h opoia malista dhmioyrghse kai mikro krathra sto pezodromio, enw projenhse zhmies sthn prosoch toy katasthmatos.

H 21xronh diakomisqhke sto Geniko Kratiko Nosokomeio \"G. Gennhmatas\" opoy noshleyetai. Ston topo ths ekrhjhs briskontai pyrotexnoyrgoi toy tmhmatos ejoydeterwshs ekrhktikwn mhxanismwn kai andres ths asfaleias poy ereynoyn thn ypoqesh. Symfwna me plhrofories, apo thn prwth aytocia sto xwro, breqhkan kai metallika qraysmata gi'ayto ejetazetai h piqanothta, h ekrhjh na proklhqhke apo xeirobombida.

[07] Nea foithtikh diadhlwsh sth Xilh me megalh symmetoxh kai epeisodia

H diadhlwsh ejelixqhke xwris epeisodia, omws arga to apogeyma omades koykoyloforwn nearwn apospasqhkan apo th diadhlwsh kai sygkroysqhkan me tis eidikes monades ths astynomias sto kentro ths prwteyoysas.

Oi nearoi petoysan petres kai diafora antikeimena stoys astynomikoys kai anacan fwties me elastika kai alla ylika, enw oi astynomikoi apanthsan me antlies neroy kai dakrygona.

Peripoy 20 astynomikoi traymatisqhkan kai 50 atoma synelhfqhsan gia \"sobarh diatarajh ths tajhs\", symfwna me th nomarxh toy Santiago Sesilia Peres.

Th diadhlwsh organwse h Synomospondia Foithtwn ths Xilhs. Oi diadhlwtes sygkentrwqhkan xqes to prwi s\' ena panepisthmio ejw apo to Santiago mesa se eortastikh atmosfaira, merikoi me thn oikogeneia toys, polloi metamfiesmenoi kai paizontas moysika organa, kai pragmatopoihsan poreia pros to kentro kai thn perioxh to proedrikoy megaroy.

Symfwna me ton Xaime Gkaxarnto, epikefalhs toy megalyteroy syndikatoy twn ekpaideytikwn poy symmetexei sto kinhma, h symmetoxh jeperase toys 150.000 anqrwpoys.

[08] Sto forologiko systhma to telos akinhtwn

Symfwna me tis allages poy kateqese sth sxetikh tropologia sth Boylh o ypoyrgos Oikonomikwn, to eidiko telos akinhtwn ginetai eynoikotero gia anergoys, polyteknoys kai atoma me eidikes anagkes.

Eidikotera oi allages problepoyn oti:

- ejairoyntai ap thn katabolh toy teloys gia akinhto poy idiokatoikoyn ( exoyn thn kyriothta h epikarpia) oi makroxronia anergoi poy einai eggegrammenoi sta mhtrwa toy OAED h stoys katalogoys prosferomenwn pros ergasia toy Grafeioy Eyresews Naytikhs Ergasias kai twn pararthmatwn toy h toy logariasmoy anergias proswpikoy hmerhsiwn efhmeridwn Aqhnwn kai Qessalonikhs h toy logariasmoy anergias texnikwn typoy Aqhnwn kai Qessalonikhs kaqws kai oi anergoi poy epidothqhkan apo toys parapanw foreis kai logariasmoys kata toys eji toylaxiston mhnes apo toys dwdeka poy prohgoyntai kaqe fora apo to etos ypologismoy toy teloys.

- h apallagh ayth den parexetai efoson to oikogeneiako eisodhma kata to prohgoymeno etos apo thn epibolh toy teloys, yperbainei ta 12.000 eyrw. To orio ayto prosayjanetai kata 4.000 eyrw gia kaqe prostateyomeno tekno.

- meiwmenoi syntelestes kai apallages den isxyoyn an h ajia ths akinhths perioysias toy forologoymenoy ( me bash tis antikeimenikes ajies toy 2008), yperbainei tis 150.000 eyrw h opoia prosayjanetai kata 10.000 eyrw gia kaqe prostateyomeno tekno h an to idiokatoikoymeno akinhto exei timh zwnhs panw apo 3.000 eyrw h exei ektash panw apo 120 t.m prosayjanomenh kata 20 t.m gia kaqe paidi mexri 200 t.m.

- anejarthta apo thn timh zwnhs kai thn palaiothta toy akinhtoy to eidiko telos einai to minimoym twn 0,5 eyrw ana tetragwniko gia ena akinhto poy idiokatoikeitai kai anhkei kata kyriothta h epikarpia se polytekno me oikogeneiako eisodhma kata to prohgoymeno etos apo thn epibolh toy teloys mexri 30.000 eyrw h se anaphro.

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