[01] Ta proistorika tajidia sto Aigaio

Opws o ocidianos, to hfaisteiako petrwma me thn yalwdh morfh, poy ejaitias ths systashs kai ths anqektikothtas toy xrhsimopoihqhke apo ta telh ths Anwterhs Palaioliqikhs periodoy (prin apo 35.000 ews 11.000 xronia) gia thn kataskeyh ergaleiwn kai oplwn.

``O ocidianos htan ena polytimo petrwma poy brisketai mono sth Mhlo, me liga koitasmata sthn Antiparo kai sto Gyali (nhsaki metajy Nisyroy kai Kw). Apo ekei kai mesw toy emporioy diadoqhke se olo to Aigaio, kaqws kai sthn hpeirwtikh xwra'', ejhgei o k. Nikolaos Laskarhs apo to Panepisthmio toy Aigaioy sto diadiktyako periodiko Past Horizons.

Etsi, oi anqrwpoi prin apo thn Epoxh toy Xalkoy poy hqelan na apokthsoyn aixmhra ergaleia kai opla eixan mia mono lysh: na tajidecoyn me ploio mexri th Mhlo. Kai opws fainetai apo tis nees ereynes, ayto akribws ekanan.

Endeijeis gia tajidia sth Mhlo apo thn palaioliqikh epoxh exoyn breqei sto sphlaio Fragxqi toy nomoy Argolidas, mia apo tis shmantikoteres proistorikes qeseis sthn Ellada. To sphlaio katoikhqhke sigoyra apo ton Homo sapiens (30000 p. X.), piqanon kai apo ton anqrwpo toy Neantertal (40000 p. X.), enw yparxoyn endeijeis synexoys katoikhshs mexri to 3000 p.X., kaqistwntas to enan apo toys makrobioteroys topoys synexoys anqrwpinhs paroysias.

Sto eswteriko toy breqhkan monadika eyrhmata, opws enas anqrwpinos skeletos, hlikias 10.000 - 8.000 etwn, phlina qraysmata, eidwlia, agalmatidia, xantres, katergasmena ostraka kai ocidianos ths palaioliqikhs epoxhs. H teleytaia anakalych efere ta panw katw sthn antilhch gia tis qalassies metafores, kaqws gewxhmikes ereynes edeijan oti prokeitai gia ocidiano poy prohlqe apo to aigaiopelagitiko nhsi, 80 milia makria apo to sphlaio. Wstoso h apanthsh gia to pote egine ayth h metafora den htan eykolo na doqei.

``Eprokeito gia naytikoys poy pernagan apo to ena nhsi toy Aigaioy sto allo, ftanontas mexri th Mikra Asia kai thn ellhnikh endoxwra'', anaferei o k. Laskarhs, o opoios mazi me toys synergates toy dhmosieyoyn sxetiko arqro sto ``Journal of Archaeological Science'', sto teyxos toy Septembrioy 2011.

``Mexri shmera mono sto Sphlaio Fragxqi exoyn breqei ocidianoi poy xronologoyntai peripoy sto 8500 p. X. Me ta nea dedomena omws apodeiknyetai oti yphrje mia pio prwimh epafh me ta paraktia merh'', symplhrwnei.

O Ellhnas episthmonas kai oi synergates toy xrhsimopoihsan mia meqodo poy legetai xronologhsh ths ydatwshs toy ocidianoy (obsidian hydration dating, OHD), h opoia syndyasthke mazi me mia nea texnikh, th fasmatometria deyterogenoys mazas iontwn ths diapotismenhs epifaneias (secondary ion mass spectrometry of surface saturation, SIMS-SS).

``Mia freskokommenh epifaneia ocidianoy periexei mikroskopikes rwgmes, mesa stis opoies to nero aporrofietai me ton xrono'', dhlwnei h ereynhtria Eleri Fraxm apo to Panepisthmio Minesota Twin Cities kai proedros ths Dieqnoys Enwshs gia th Meleth toy Ocidianoy, h opoia ejhgei sto periodiko giati egine h sygkekrimenh epilogh meqodwn.

H OHD apo monh ths den einai poly ajiopisth sth xronologhsh petrwmatwn. Me th nea texnikh SIMS-SS, oi episthmones mporoyn na ypologisoyn thn posothta toy neroy poy eisxwrei sto petrwma. ``Mia desmh swmatidiwn apomakrynei ta ionta apo tis leptes san floyda kremmydioy strwseis toy ocidianoy. Einai san na ypologizoyme th synqesh kaqe mias apo aytes'', tonizei. Me ayto ton tropo, kaqe allagh sto periexomeno toy neroy mporei na diereynhqei se baqos, apokalyptontas akribws to pws egine ayth h allagh.

Me th nea meqodo, o k. Laskarhs kai oi synergates toy apedeijan oti antikeimena apo ocidiano ths Mhloy kataskeyasthkan sthn endoxwra poly nwritera apo o,ti arxika qewreito. Me alla logia, oi proistorikoi anqrwpoi pragmatopoihsan qalassia tajidia sta nhsia -me agnwstoys mexri shmera typoys ploiwn- apo poly nwris.

[02] Anestalh h diapragmateysh twn metoxwn Alpha Bank kai Eurobank

H apofash elhfqh, meta apo aithma ths Epitrophs Kefalaiagoras kai se synexeia enhmerwshs apo tis Alpha Bank kai Eurobank gia th synedriash twn Dioikhtikwn toys Symboyliwn, shmera, me qema th metajy toys sygxwneysh kai to programma enisxysews twn kefalaiwn ths neas trapezas kai katopin sxetikoy aithmatos toys, gia logoys prostasias toy ependytikoy koinoy.

Anastelletai akomh proswrina kai h diapragmateysh olwn twn paragwgwn proiontwn symperilambanomenwn twn proiontwn daneismoy, me ypokeimeno titlo twn dyo trapezwn \" kai twn Diapragmateysimwn Amoibaiwn Kefalaiwn ALPHA ETF FTSE ATHEX 20 kai NBGAM ETF GD X.A.

[03] Synexisthke o kyklos aimatos sto brazilianiko podosfairo

Sto metajy, egkefaliko epeisodio kata th diarkeia toy agwna me th Flamengko ypesth o 46xronos proponhths ths Basko Nta Gkama, Rikarnto Gkomes. O giatros ths Basko, Klobis Moynios, dhlwse gia to peristatiko: ``H katastash toy einai anhsyxhtikh. H arxikh qerapeia einai h xeiroyrgikh epembash gia na anakoyfisei thn aimorragia.''

[04] Ekqesh trash art sthn Janqh h pws ginontai ta "skoypidoerga"

Palia CD, ejarthma apo xalasmenh kafetiera, bysma ektypwth, roda podhlatoy, kapaki apo stylo, swlhnario odontopastas, kommatia yfasma, metamorfwnontai se rompot, tsoper, koykoybagia, mhxanh trenoy, agrioskylo, skantzoxoiro, enw agaphmeno yliko, tonise xaritologwntas, einai ta palia binteo, apo ta ejarthmata twn opoiwn dhmioyrghse, metajy allwn, mia ejwghinh morfh.

Erga toy qa ekqesei, apo tis 5 Septembrioy, sto plaisio twn Giortwn Palias Polhs ths Janqhs, sto steki toy politistikoy syllogoy ``Oi Batraxoi'', sthn odo Pindaroy.

O k. Baitshs tonise oti h trash art (skoypidotexnh) einai taytoxrona texnh kai filosofia kaqws syndyazei thn kallitexnikh diaqesh me thn periballontikh anhsyxia.

Aformh gia na asxolhqei me thn trash art htan ena ergasthrio toy Idrymatos Qrakikhs Texnhs poy parakoloyqhse prin apo dyo xronia kai enqoysiasthke.

Mporei na jekinhsei ta doyleyei ta ylika toy exontas kati sygkekrimeno sto myalo toy, gia paradeigma oti qa ftiajei ena rompot, alla polles fores ton odhgei h morfh poy prokyptei otan kollaei dyo kommatia metajy toys.

Epishmainei oti den qelei na epembei sth xhmeia toy ylikoy kai gi' ayto to logo den xrhsimopoiei hlektrokollhsh poy, opws leei, kanei eykolh th doyleia. Epilegei na xrhsimopoiei silikonh gia na enwsei ta ylika toy h trypaei ta metalla gia na ``koympwsoyn'' metajy toys.

Ayth thn periodo etoimazei mia seira ``skoypidoergwn'' apo koytakia aloyminioy kai ypologizei oti qa einai se qesei na ta ekqesei sto telos toy xronoy.

[05] "Etoimazoyn" kafe apo fistikia me geysh kai arwma alla xwris kafeinh

Episthmh - Diatrofh kai Ygeia: Kafes apo fistikia xwris kafeinh!

Qa exei geysh kai arwma kafe, alla den periexei kafeinh, epeidh den qa einai kanonikos kafes, alla qa paragetai apo fistikia, apotelwntas etsi mia pio ygih enallaktikh lysh.

Ayto isxyrizetai oti einai efikto, mia omada xhmikwn sto bretaniko panepisthmio ths Yorkhs kai an epibebaiwqoyn, qa feroyn "aypnia" stoys paragwgoys toy paradosiakoy kafe.

Oi mexri twra ereynes gia thn eyresh enos pragmatikoy ypokatastatoy, poy qa exei thn kanonikh geysh toy kafe, alla oxi th diegertikh oysia ths kafeinhs, den exoyn stefqei me epityxia. Ayth th fora, oi ereynhtes pisteyoyn oti brhkan th lysh se ena eidos fistikiwn (Pistacia terebinthus), poly mikroterwn apo ta synhqismena fistikia, ta opoia, an kaboyrdistoyn, prosferoyn th geysh toy kafe kai epipleon, einai arketa fqhnotera apo ayton.

Ta fistikia ayta, kanonika apoteloyn thn phgh ths terebinqinhs, omws oi xhmikoi anakalycan oti oi karpoi aytoy toy dendroy exoyn thn idia xhmikh "ypografh" me ton pragmatiko kafe, pragma poy shmainei oti qa htan dynato na parexoyn rofhmata me geysh kai arwma efamillo toy kafe.

Ta peiramata, me epikefalhs ton dra Moystafa Ozel, edeijan oti otan ta sygkekrimena fistikia kaboyrdistoyn epi 20 lepta stoys 200 baqmoys Kelsioy, arxizoyn na exoyn ena pthtiko xhmiko "profil" paromoio me ayto twn kokkwn toy kafe.

Dokimes, pantws, me eqelontes, tis opoies ekane h bretanikh "Telegkraf", edeijan oti oi katanalwtes antilambanontan safws th diafora toy kanonikoy kafe apo to rofhma poy proerxotan apo kaboyrdismena fistikia, to opoio genika arese men kai afhse poly kales entypwseis, alla, opws eipan, dyskola qa to mperdeye kaneis me ton paradosiako (ellhniko h toyrkiko) kafe, enw akoma megalyterh einai h diafora apo ena "espreso".

Oi ereynhtes dhlwsan oti qa prospaqhsoyn pantws na beltiwsoyn ki allo th geysh toy fistiko-kafe.

[06] Mystikoi kwdikes, krymmena mhnymata kai plastografoi sto Diadiktyo

Den einai, omws, kati fantastiko, alla mia apth pragmatikothta gia ton xwro twn hlektronikwn ypologistwn kai toy Diadiktyoy. To kakoboylo logismiko (malware) apotelei pagkosmiws mia agora terastioy megeqoys, enw, thn idia stigmh, oi texnikes kryptografhshs gia antallagh mhnymatwn ston axanh diadiktyako xwro, kanoyn texnologika almata.

Oi teleytaies ejelijeis ston xwro paroysiasthkan sto plaisio toy dieqnoys synedrioy gia thn asfaleia toy Diadiktyoy kai thn hlektronikh dhmokratia, poy diorganwsan ta panepisthmia Makedonias kai anatolikoy Londinoy, tis prohgoymenes meres, sth Qessalonikh.

Krybontas to krymmeno mhnyma

H \"steganografia\", dhladh h krymmenh grafh, einai ellhnikh lejh kai texnikh gnwsth hdh apo thn epoxh toy Hrodotoy, poy xrhsimopoihqhke kata koron sth Germania (ki oxi monon) toy deyteroy Pagkosmioy Polemoy kai edw kai xronia apekthse hlektronikh ypostash.

Ara, loipon, ti einai to kainoyrgio, dedomenoy idiws oti h kryptografhsh-kwdikopoihsh einai eyrews diadedomenh ston kosmo ths plhroforikhs;

\"To kainoyrgio poy komizei h steganografia einai oti to kryptografhmeno mhnyma den fainetai kryptografhmeno. Dhladh, kryboyme to krymmeno mhnyma\", ejhgei o kaqhghths toy Panepisthmioy Straqklaint (Strathclyde University), Tzortz Goyeir (George Weir).

Me apla logia, me th steganografia ena aporrhto mhnyma mporei na enswmatwqei se allo arxeio ypologisth (jpeg, gif, bmp, tiff, png, mp3, wav ktl), to opoio kai xrhsimopoiei ws forea, briskontas th qesh toy mesa apo mia allhloyxia algoriqmwn kai kwdikwn.

Diaqesima ergaleia gia na kryftei ena mhnyma se mia fwtografia yparxoyn hdh (xarakthristiko einai oti h anazhthsh ths frashs \"steganography tools\" -dhladh \"ergaleia steganografias\" sto google \"epistrefei\" 1.290.000 apotelesmata). H nea proklhsh fainetai oti einai h \"keimenikh steganografia\" (textual steganography), dhladh to na kryceis keimeno mesa se keimeno.

Praktika, ejhgei o k.Goyeir, ayto mporei na epiteyxqei me dyo tropoys: eite krybontas to sta kena anamesa stis lejeis, sta tabs h sthn allagh seiras (meqodos poy apodeiknyetai anapotelesmatikh se periptwsh poy o apodekths toy mhnymatos allajei to layout toy keimenoy) eite me thn allagh toy tropoy grafhs mias lejhs (p.x., sta bretanika agglika h ta amerikanika agglika).

Basiko zhtoymeno (kai kefaloponos gia toys ereynhtes) einai to keimeno-foreas toy kryfoy mhnymatos \"na bgazei nohma\", kati poy den einai toso eykolo oso akoygetai. Wstoso, sto panepisthmio toy Straqklaint fainetai oti ta kataferan!

Peiramatiko systhma, poy \"milaei\" british english

Pws; Mesw enos peiramatikoy systhmatos, poy anaptyxqhke ekei, to opoio paroysiase sth Qessalonikh o k.Goyeir. Pws leitoyrgei to systhma; Sthrizetai se dyo baseis dedomenwn me lejeis kai fraseis. To systhma antistoixizei algoriqmika tis lejeis, poy anaferontai se ena keimeno, me oloklhres fraseis. Gia paradeigma, se ena keimeno grammeno se bretanika agglika, to systhma qa entopisei aytomatws ekeines tis lejeis, gia tis opoies exoyn epilegei amerikanika agglika kai qa tis antistoixhsei me tis problepomenes fraseis, paragontas ena plhrws logiko keimeno.

H efarmogh, poy anaptyxqhke apo toys Tzort Goyeir kai Rasel \'Otzilbi (Russell Ogilvie), dinei ston xrhsth th dynatothta toso na kwdikopoiei ena keimeno, apla eisagontas to sto sxetiko menoy toy systhmatos, oso kai na to apokwdikopoiei aytomatws.

\"Dokimasthke se perissotera apo 40 kryfa keimena kaqe ektashs kai typoy, poy anakthqhkan ola epityxws\", shmeiwnei o k.Goyeir kai prosqetei oti h keimenikh steganografia mporei na allajei ta dedomena sthn apokrych mhnymatwn (p.x., stratiwtika arxeia), alla kai ston entopismo paranomwn krymmenwn keimenwn (p.x., gia skopoys tromokratias).

Oi plastografhmenes istoselides kai to neo ergaleio twn pixels

An mia fora kai enan kairo oi epithdeioi ebgazan lefta plastografwntas mono xartonomismata, shmera plastografoyn -me oloena megalyterh eyrhmatikothta- kai istoselides (trapezwn, organismwn, etairiwn ktl). Etsi, ypokleptoyn kwdikoys asfaleias, adeiazoyn trapezikoys logariasmoys kai \"kleboyn\" hlektronikes taytothtes.

Endeiktiko ths ejaplwshs toy fainomenoy einai oti, sxetika prosfata, entopisthkan kai ejanagkasthkan se loyketo, mono sth Bretania, 1.219 plastografhmena websites, poy apespasan xrhmatika posa apo katanalwtes, me \"kraxth\" thn pwlhsh ayqentikwn -dhqen- kosmhmatwn dieqnoys fhmhs oikoy k.a.

Ta \"antibiotika\" twn hlektronikwn ypologistwn prostateyoyn en merei mono toys xrhstes, poy synhqws episkeptontai tis plastes istoselides, parakinhmenoi apo hlektronika mhnymata me sxetika links, poy lambanoyn stoys logariasmoys hlektronikoy taxydromeioy.

Wstoso, o entopismos twn plastografhmenwn istoselidwn, poy sxediazontai etsi, wste na mhn jexwrizoyn eykola apo tis ayqentikes, einai syxna dyskolos.

O kalyteros tropos prostasias gia toys xrhstes toy Diadiktyoy einai na diagrafoyn amesws apo ton logariasmo toys hlektronikes epistoles, p.x., trapezwn, poy toys zhtoyn epibebaiwsh proswpikwn stoixeiwn mesw Internet, parapempontas dhqen sthn istoselida toys. Wstoso, h elleich eparkoys enhmerwshs toy koinoy afhnei polloys xrhstes ypologistwn ekteqeimenoys sthn apath.

Apantwntas sthn proklhsh, oi ereynhtes ths Sxolhs Ypologistwn, Texnologiwn Plhroforikhs kai Mhxanikhs toy Panepisthmioy Anatolikoy Londinoy aneptyjan prwtoporiako systhma entopismoy.

Opws ejhghse o kaqhghths Xosein Tzaankani (Hossein Jahankhani), oi perissoteres diaqesimes texnikes entopismoy plastografhmenwn site, paroysiazoyn shmantikes adynamies. Ki ayto giati ta ergaleia ayta eite elegxoyn aplws thn pistothta toy keimenoy eite to antiparaballoyn me th lista twn plastografhmenwn istoselidwn, poy exoyn kataggelqei sto parelqon.

H proteinomenh texnikh toy panepisthmioy Anatolikoy Londinoy, antiqeta, \"fwtografizei\" to ypopto site kai ejetazei an o ariqmos twn pixels se ayto einai o idios me ths nomimhs istoselidas. Kata ton omilhth, h kainoyrgia ayth texnikh mporei na dhmioyrghsei nea dedomena sthn epibolh toy nomoy kai thn prostasia toy koinoy apo tis epiqeseis toy kybernoegklhmatos.

Logismiko ...syskotishs kleinei ta matia twn systhmatwn antivirus

Oso ta xronia pernoyn, oi \"mafies\" toy Diadiktyoy ginontai pio eyrhmatikes kai oi texnikes toys pio rafinarismenes. \"To kakoboylo logismiko mporei eykola na jegelasei toys mhxanismoys entopismoy toy kai ta antibiotika, kaqws xrhsimopoiei ejeligmenes texnikes syskotishs\", ejhghse o Mamoyn Alazamp (Mamoun Alazab), kaqhghths sto aystraliano panepisthmi Mpalarat (Ballarat).

\"O entopismos poy basizetai sthn chfiakh ypografh prosferei mikrh mono amyna. Oi texnikes antibiotikwn ginontai parwxhmenes ligo kairo meta thn epinohsh toys, enw h elleich protypopoihshs gia ta chfiaka peisthria (digital forensics) kai oi adynamies twn yfistamenwn ergaleiwn analyshs, periplekoyn thn katastash. To antibiotiko logismiko prospaqei monimws na prolabei tis ejelijeis\", katelhje o k.Alazamp kai prosqese oti ta teleytaia xronia ta nea eidh kakoboyloy logismikoy exoyn jeperasei se ariqmo to 1,5 ekat., enw exoyn katagrafei perissotera apo 245.000.000 ajioshmeiwta \"xtyphmata\"._

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