[01] ``Me gnwmona to symferon ths xwras''

``Prepei na apofasisoyme ean qa energopoihsoyme ton mhxanismo ayton tis prosexeis ebdomades ... Den exoyme akomh labei epishmh apofash. Ayto poy leme einai: as etoimasqoyme wste na einai etoimos, ean xreiasqei na pathsoyme to koympi'', dhlwse o prwqypoyrgos.

O Giwrgos Papandreoy dhlwse oti to paketo bohqeias den apotelei programma diaswshs ths ellhnikhs oikonomias kai oti qa dwsei sthn Ellada ena periqwrio gia na prowqhsei tis aparaithtes metarryqmiseis.

``Mas dinei ena periqwrio eligmwn gia na pragmatopoihsoyme tis anagkaies allages gia na kanoyme thn oikonomia mas biwsimh'', eipe.

O prwqypoyrgos dhlwse oti h Ellada den qa exei dyskolia na daneisqei apo tis agores ton epomeno mhna.

``Den qa xreokophsoyme. To problhma einai to kostos toy daneismoy kai gia poso diasthma mporoyme na to antejoyme. Ektimw oti den qa exoyme problhma akomh kai ton Maio, alla ayto den shmainei oti exoyme apokleisei to endexomeno na xrhsimopoihsoyme ton mhxanismo'', eipe.

Thn Paraskeyh o k. Papandreoy, apantwntas se epikairh erwthsh toy epikefalhs toy SYRIZA, Alejh Tsipra, sxetika me ``thn emplokh toy yperatlantikoy Dieqnoys Nomismatikoy Tameioy ston elegxo kai thn sthrijh ths ellhnikhs oikonomias'', shmeiwse oti ``gia ton eyrwpaiko mhxanismo sthrijhs, den panhgyrisame pote'' kai ypogrammise pws ``h E.E., apofasise na sthrijei thn Ellada, na einai konta ths - ki ayto yphrje apotelesma ths dikhs mas prospaqeias. Xwris th diadikasia ayth, h xwra qa phgaine kateyqeian sto Dieqnes Nomismatiko Tameio kai tote qa me rwtagate: Poy einai ta sosialistika sas antanaklastika;''.

O prwqypoyrgos prosqese oti o mhxanismos ``einai apotelesma mias megalhs prospaqeias gia ena asfales katafygio gia th xwra mas'' kai shmeiwse pws ``h energopoihsh toy qa ginei me gnwmona to symferon ths xwras, thn anagkh nhnemias sthn oikonomia - kai kanoyme tis proparaskeyastikes energeies poy apaitoyntai'', enw kathgorhse thn Nea Dhmokratia pws einai h politikh ths poy mas odhghse to DNT.

``To DNT, exei hdh mpei sth diadikasia. Einai sth diadikasia ths epithrhshs, sthn opoia mas odhghse dyo fores h Nea Dhmokratia. Hdh mas elegxei. Ti den shmainei h emplokh toy DNT: Oti h xwra exei xreokophsei. Mporoyme na pairnoyme daneia, alla h ajiologhsh kai h egkrish perna ap' to DNT. O mhxanismos shmainei epishs, oti den qa afeqoyme na boyliajoyme, opws htan h prognwsh twn pollwn. Kai o kindynos, htan apotelesma sygkekrimenhs politikhs ths prohgoymenhs pentaetias: Oso ki an fwnazei h ND kai o k. Samaras oti den qeloyn to DNT, eseis kyrioi ths ND mas odhghsate ekei kai an yphrxe shmera kybernhsh ths ND, qa phgainame 'soympitoi' sto DNT. O eyrwpaikos mhxanismos sthrijhs, estw kai me th symmetoxh toy DNT, yphrje epityxia, alla oysiastikh epityxia qa einai na kanoyme tis aparaithtes allages'' tonise o prwqypoyrgos kai prosqese:

``Ta antanaklastika moy htan na prostatecw thn patrida. Ki an qelete, apo thn empeiria moy exw ginei kai pio sosialisths ap' o,ti hmoyn prin. Zw sto petsi moy thn katastash stis pagkosmies agores, poy prepei na mpoyne arxes kai ryqmiseis, wste to dieqnes kefalaio na symballei sthn sthrijh ths anaptyjhs, sth Dikaiosynh, thn isothta, thn antimetwpish megalwn problhmatwn ths anqrwpothtas, apo thn ftwxeia mexri thn klimatikh allagh''.

Dhlwseis G.Papakwnstantinoy

Ligo meta to peras twn ergasiwn toy atypoy Symboylioy Ecofin, o ypoyrgos Oikonomikwn Giwrgos Papakwnstantinoy dhlwse oti kata th diarkeia toy xqesinoy Eurogroup enhmerwse toys omologoys toy gia to periexomeno ths epistolhs poy apesteile sthn Eyrwpaikh Epitroph, sthn Eyrwpaikh Kentrikh Trapeza (EKT) kai sto Dieqnes Nomismatiko Tameio, epishmainontas oti ayto poy proexei sthn paroysa fash einai na jekaqaristei to ycos twn xrhmatodothsewn kai oi proypoqeseis gia thn paroxh toys sthn periptwsh poy h Ellada apofasisei na energopoihsei to mhxanismo arwghs ston opoio exoyn symfwnhsei ta krath melh ths eyrwzwnhs.

Milwntas pros toys dhmosiografoys, ligo meta to peras twn ergasiwn toy shmerinoy Ecofin sth Madrith, o ypoyrgos oikonomias qelhse na jekaqarisei oti h en logw epistolh den synista energopoihsh toy mhxanismoy, tonizontas taytoxrona oti den yparxoyn xronodiagrammata gia thn energopoihsh toy. Tonise, epishs, oti to polyetes programma sto opoio anaferetai sthn epistolh toy, epi ths oysias einai to trietes programma staqerothtas kai anaptyjhs to opoio perilambanei dhmosionomikh prosarmogh kai diarqrwtikes allages. O G. Papakwnstantinoy emfanisthke aisiodojos ws pros thn ekbash twn diaboyleysewn poy qa exoyn apo th Deytera sthn Aqhna ekproswpoi ths ellhnikhs kybernhshs, ths EE kai toy DNT. Anefere, xarakthristika, oti para to gegonos oti prokeitai gia mia prwtognwrh diadikasia diaboyleysewn einai bebaios oti qa yparjei koinos topos kai oti oles oi pleyres qa katalhjoyn se mia ikanopoihtikh symfwnia.

Ejalloy, o G. Papakwnstantinoy tonise oti to programma to opoio qa symfwnhsei h ellhnikh kybernhsh me thn eyrwzwnh kai to DNT ``qa einai to anagkaio, ayto poy xreiazetai h xwra''. Symfwna me ton ypoyrgo Oikonomikwn, to programma ayto qa odhghsei sth staqeropoihsh twn dhmosiwn oikonomikwn kai stis megales allages poy xreiazetai h xwra mas ``gia na ginei pio dynath kai pio antagwnistikh, diafylassontas taytoxrona ta koinwnika agaqa, tis koinwnikes yphresies kai tis katakthseis poy exoyme petyxei ola ayta ta xronia''.

O ypoyrgos Oikonomias anefere, epishs, oti enhmerwse toys omologoys toy gia to pws ylopoieitai to Programma Staqerothtas ths ellhnikhs oikonomias kai gia thn ejairetika shmantikh meiwsh, ths tajews 40%, poy exei shmeiwqei sto dhmosionomiko elleimma kata to prwto trimhno toy 2010. Anaferqhke akomh stis diarqrwtikes allages poy protiqetai na prowqhsei h kybernhsh, arxhs genomenhs apo tis metarryqmiseis toy forologikoy kai toy asfalistikoy systhmatos, alla kai apo to anoigma twn kleistwn epaggelmatwn, ryqmiseis poy an ola pane kala qa dieyqethqoyn, opws eipe, mexri to kalokairi. Jekaqarise, wstoso, oti oson afora sto 2010 oyte h EE oyte to DNT exoyn qesei zhthma lhchs epipleon metrwn.

Erwthqeis, ejalloy, apo ekproswpoys toy Typoy sxetika me th dhlwsh sthn opoia feretai na proebh o Proedros ths EKT gia endexomena problhmata reystothtas stis ellhnikes trapezes, o ypoyrgos Oikonomias tonise oti afenos men o Zan Klont Trise den proebh se kamia analogh dhlwsh kata th diarkeia twn ergasiwn toy Symboylioy kai afeteroy to ellhniko trapeziko systhma den antimetwpizei idiaitera ojymena problhmata, dedomenoy oti oi ellhnikes trapezes, antiqeta apo polles alles eyrwpaikes den ejeteqhsan se tojika proionta. Prosqese, akomh, oti to ellhniko trapeziko systhma einai stereo, omws aythn thn periodo ypoferei apo to klima abebaiothtas poy kalliergoyn, ws ena baqmo kai ta dieqnh MME.

Telos, klhqeis na sxoliasei to endexomeno h oikonomikh yfesh sthn Ellada na apodeixqei ychloterh apo thn anamenomenh, o G. Papakwnstantinoy apanthse oti ekkremei apo th Eurostat h ektimhsh gia to ycos ths yfeshs, tonizontas wstoso, oti ta metra poy exei labei h ellhnikh kybernhsh, oysiastika qa odhghsoyn se meiwsh toy elleimmatos kata 6%, epomenws den qa yparjei problhma me thn ylopoihsh toy stoxoy gia meiwsh toy elleimmatos kata 4% toy AEP, ws to telos toy 2010, an h yfesh apodeixqei ychloterh.

[02] "Kanena sxedio gia thn antimetwpish ths krishs"

``H ND exei anagnwrisei oles tis amarties ths kai jefortwnetai ola ta baridia toy parelqontos, ayth thn entolh exw kai ayth thn entolh qa thn kanw pragmatikothta'', tonise o k. Samaras, prokalwntas ta xeirokrothmata twn synedrwn. ``Mhdenizoyme to konter kai oikodomoyme jana thn ajiopistia mas''. Shmeiwse, de, oti h prwth prajh, se ayth thn kateyqynsh, htan h eklogh neoy arxhgoy apo 800.000 anqrwpoys'', prosqese.

Akoloyqws, ypogrammise pws ``askoyme antipoliteysh me ypeyqynothta. Den distazoyme na sygkroystoyme me thn kybernhsh, otan deixnei oti den exei kanena sxedio gia thn antimetwpish ths krishs''.

O proedros ths ND eperrice thn plhrh kai apokleistikh eyqynh, gia thn oikonomikh katastash kai gia to endexomeno prosfyghs sto DNT, ston k. Papandreoy.

``O prwqypoyrgos akomh den exei katalabei tipota, oti h dikh toy kybernhsh parapataei, oti h dikh toy kybernhsh dokimazetai, oti h dikh toy kybernhsh mas efere ws edw, oti h dikh toy kybernhsh mas sernei sthn plhrh paradoxh adynamias diaxeirishs toy xreoys'', eipe kai symplhrwse oti ``oso h kybernhsh apotygxanei, toso ekeinos prospaqei na epirricei tis terasties eyqynes toy se alloys''.

Ejakoloyqwntas th sklhrh kritikh eipe oti ``o prwqypoyrgos eixe to qrasos na dhlwsei oti gia thn prosfygh ths Elladas sto DNT eyqynontai oi politikes twn synthrhtikwn kybernhsewn sthn Ellada kai thn Eyrwph. Jexna oti oi sosialistikes kybernhseis sthn Ellada ypertriplasiasan ton daneismo ths xwras, jexna oti to PASOK eishgage ton laikismo sth xwra, jexna oti o idios etaze stoys pantes ta panta, oti htan o idios poy apeyqynqhke prwtos sto DNT gia na balei to pistoli sto trapezi, alla h mplofa toy gyrise enantion ths Elladas kai to pistoli ekpyrsokrothse sta xeria toy''.

``Eimaste antiqetoi me thn prosfygh sto DNT'', shmeiwse o proedros ths ND, ypogrmmizontas ``ta metra poy qa mas epibaloyn, prokeimenoy na mas sthrijoyn, den ta antexei oyte h koinwnia mas, oyte h oikonomia mas. Fobikoi den eimaste apenanti se tipota. Oyte kan apenanti sto DNT. Eimaste, omws, realistes kai ofeiloyme na ejhghsoyme ston ellhniko lao thn alhqeia, oti opoy phge to DNT o prwtos kai aparabatos oros, poy epebale, htan h isopedwsh misqwn kai syntajewn. Ayth h syntagh ths legomenhs meiwshs toy misqologikoy kostoys fernei faylo kyklo yfeshs, anergias, elleimmatwn xwris prooptikh, xwris diejodo kai thn aporriptw. H antiqesh mas sthn prooptikh toy DNT einai adiapragmateyth eqnikh stash gia th ND''.

O k. Samaras ekane kai anadromh sthn prohgoymenh 30etia epirriptontas stis kybernhseis toy PASOK thn eyqynh gia th diogkwsh toy dhmosioy xreoys. ``Htan to PASOK ths dekaetias toy '80, poy eyqynetai gia thn yperxrewsh ths xwras'', eipe kai prosqese oti ``oi kybernhseis, poy mesolabhsan, akoma kai oi kybernhseis Shmith den meiwsan to dhmosio xreos''.

Anaferomenos sto diko toy komma, paradexqhke oti ``gnwrizoyme poies einai oi eyqynes twn dikwn mas kybernhsewn, klhronomhsame ena systhma, opoy h mia genia daneizetai se baros ths epomenhs kai den to allajame. Den allajame to systhma, poy klhronomhsame. Den kaname epanidrysh toy kratoys kai h diakybernhsh ths prohgoymenhs pentaetias protimhse aplws na synexizei na diaxeirizetai ena systhma, to opoio eixe eklegei gia na allajei. Ofeiloyme na apologhqoyme stoys chfoforoys kai kyriws sth koinwnia, alla den qa dwsoyme logo se ekeinoys, poy dhmioyrghsan to problhma kai polemhsan kaqe prospaqeia ths kybernhshs ths ND na to antimetwpisei''.

Epanerxomenos sthn kritikh se baros toy prwqypoyrgoy, o k. Samaras eipe oti h ND paredwse ena problhma dhmosionomikoy elleimmatos paromoio me ekeino poy antimetwpizan oi perissoteres xwres ths Eyrwphs kai ``h kybernhsh PASOK to metetrece, mesa se ligoys mhnes me toys kakoys xeirismoys ths, se problhma dhmosioy xreoys''.

``To 2009, h ND daneisthke mesostaqmika me epitokio 4,2%. H kybernhsh toy PASOK daneizetai me epitokio panw apo 6%. Den efere h kybernhsh ths ND to problhma me toys kerdoskopoys kai ta spreads, alla h kybernhsh toy PASOK me toys xeirismoys ths'', eipe kai epipleon, kathgorhse ton k. Papandreoy oti den phre ektakta metra poy qa diorqwnan to problhma toy elleimmatos, oti anesteile ta metra poy eixe ejaggeilei h prohgoymenh kybernhsh kai sth synexeia dexqhke thn epiqesh twn kerdoskopwn me apotelesma ta spreads na skarfalwsoyn stis 200 monades meta stis 300 kai twra stis 400.

``Den qa afhsoyme thn Ellada na boyliajei'', tonise o proedros ths ajiwmatikhs antipoliteyshs kai ypogrammise oti ``h ND prepei na peisei ton ellhniko lao gia tessera pragmata. Prwton, oti gnwrizoyme kai katanooyme poly kala, poy brisketai h oikonomia shmera. Deyteron, prepei na peisoyme oti exoyme jeperasei ta problhmata kai ta sfalmata toy dikoy mas parelqontos, giati den arkei na eimaste kalyteroi apo to PASOK, prepei na deijoyme oti eimaste kalyteroi kai apo thn prosfath diakybernhsh ths ND. Triton, na peisoyme oti exoyme sxedio gia thn krish, giati, opws apodeixqhke, to PASOK den eixe kanena apolytws sxedio. Tetarton, na peisoyme oti diaqetoyme ena orama giati sth megalh krish oi koinwnies kai oi oikonomies anazhtoyn ena orama gia na pistecoyn. Gia na yparjei ependysh, katanalwsh kai apotamieysh, prepei o kosmos na pisteyei sto mellon toy, na dhmioyrghqei qetikh cyxologia stis agores''.

Thn pepoiqhsh toy oti ``h xwra mporei kai prepei na ta bgalei pera monh ths, se ayth th dyskolh sygkyria'', diatypwse o ekproswpos ths ND Panos Panagiwtopoylos, kai kathgorhse ton prwqypoyrgo, Giwrgo Papandreoy, oti ``afhnei ta pragmata na ejelixqoyn gia na diolisqhsei h xwra sto Dieqnes Nomismatiko Tameio''.

Anaferomenos ston eswkommatiko dialogo o k. Panagiwtopoylos epishmane: ``Kamia eswstrefeia, kamia eswterikh syzhthsh, kanenas problhmatismos gia eswterikh katanalwsh, problhmatismos, syzhthsh, erwthmata, protaseis gia thn patrida, gia ton lao, poy pernaei th dikh toy megalh agwnia''.

O ekproswpos ths ND eperrice eyqynes sto PASOK gia th dyskolh oikonomikh katastash, poy pernaei h xwra, ekane omws kai aytokritikh gia ta pepragmena toy kommatos toy.

Kritikh sthn kybernhsh gia tis epiloges ths sthn oikonomia, askhse kai o proedros ths Organwtikhs Epitrophs Synedrioy ths ND Dhmhtrhs Abramopoylos, enw emfanisthke aisiodojos gia to komma toy legontas oti ``h Ellada qa janabrei to dromo ths kai qa einai h kainoyrgia ND, h paratajh thn opoia qa empisteyqoyn kai pali oi Ellhnes polites''.

Omilia Nt.Mpakogiannh

``H ND prepei na sthrijei politikes, poy exei anagkh o topos, xwris na fobhqei to politiko kostos kai xwris na ypokycei ston laikismo'', tonise h prwhn ypoyrgos Ejwterikwn, Ntora Mpakogiannh, milwntas sto prosynedrio ths ND.

``Prin daimonopoihsoyme to sxedio sthrijhs ths ellhnikhs oikonomias, prepei na apanthsoyme an mporei h Ellada na daneizetai me epitokia ths tajhs toy 7% kai toy 8%'', eipe, alla dieykrinhse pws ``prepei na poyme kathgorhmatika oti einai enas mhxanismos sthrijhs gia ena orismeno diasthma, apo ton opoio prepei na bgoyme, kai o opoios apo monos toy den mas swzei. Thn ellada qa th swsoyme emeis me tis prospaqeies mas kai tis dynameis mas. H krish einai teleytaia eykairia toy politikoy systhmatos gia epanafora ths xwras sthn anaptyjiakh troxia''. Shmeiwse de, oti mia politikh spatalhs 30 xronwn den mporei na anatrapei se dyo tria xronia.

H k. Mpakogiannh kateqese protash anaqewrhshs toy Syntagmatos ``poy qa kalycei tis aneparkeies, opws h elleich syntagmatikoy dikasthrioy. Epishs, syntagmatikh problech gia ta dhmosionomika oria, poy mporei na kineitai h ekastote kybernhsh kai h opoia qa empodizei thn kybernhsh apo mia epektatikh dhmosionomikh politikh, wste na prostateyei tis epomenes genies apo aneyqynes politikes diogkwshs toy dhmosioy xreoys''.

Kathgorhse thn kybernhsh oti den exei sxedio gia tis draseis, poy xreiazontai gia thn Oikonomia, kai to apedeije sto forologiko nomosxedio. ``H politikh ths kybernhshs odhgei tis jenes ependyseis na fygoyn apo th xwra, enw o stoxos mas einai na petyxoyme prwtogenh pleonasmata kai na antimetwpisoyme thn ekrhjh toy dhmosioy xreoys'', anefere kai yposthrije pws ``o k. Papandreoy akoloyqei taktikh epipolaia kai epizhmia gia ton topo xrewnontas tis eyqynes se alloys''.

Katalhgontas yposthrije oti ``adraneia, kakodiaxeirish, kratismos, diafqora, mas efqasan mexri edw. H Ellada mpainei se mia makra kai dyskolh periodo. Gia prwth fora yparxoyn onomastikes meiwseis misqwn kai oi oysiastikes meiwseis einai akomh megalyteres. Tis megalyteres synepeies qa exei h agora ergasias, dekades xiliades ergazomenoi xanoyn tis doyleies toys. H apanthsh sympyknwnetai se dyo: anaptyjh kai koinwnikh synoxh''.

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[03] Ta petrina tojwta gefyria ths Elladas

Sthn probiomhxanikh Ellada, anaferetai sthn ekdosh, to kyrio domiko yliko htan h petra kai ena apo ta pio shmantika problhmata poy apasxoloysan toys katoikoys, perissotero ths hpeirwtikhs kai ligotero ths nhsiwtikhs ypaiqroy, htan h asfalhs dieleysh twn odoiporwn kai twn metaforikwn meswn toys, panw apo potamia, remata kai xeimarroys.

Mexri ton 20o aiwna, to mono efikto, alla leitoyrgiko texniko ergo, poy mporoyse na kataskeyasei o aspoydastos mastoras ths epoxhs ekeinhs gia na dwsei th lysh sto sygkoinwniako problhma poy apasxoloyse, oxi mono ton idio alla oloys anejairetws toys syntopites toy, htan ena petrino gefyri, monotojo opws ths Konitsas h polytojo opws ths Artas.

To ergo ths kataskeyhs htan toso shmantiko, poy odhghse sth dhmioyrgia sxetikwn tragoydiwn, paradosewn alla kai qrylwn, poy anaferontan akoma kai se anqrwpoqysia gia na steriwsei to polypoqhto gefyri. Omws, h kataskeyh tetoiwn gefyriwn exei stamathsei apo to 1940 kai h polyplokh ayth texnh exei hdh perasei sth lhqh, wste shmera na mhn yparxei oyte enas "gefyras" h "kioproylhs", opws xarakthristika onomazotan o laikos gefyropoios.

Oi petrines tojwtes kataskeyes exoyn xarakthristei apo toys eidikeymenoys episthmones ws mia apo tis megalyteres anakalyceis ths arxitektonikhs gia ton probiomhxaniko anqrwpo kai ws ton prwto megalo staqmo sthn ejeliktikh poreia ths pagkosmias gefyropoiias. O deyteros megalos staqmos htan h eisagwgh ths xrhshs toy sidhroy kata ton 19o aiwna.

Anafora metajy allwn kanei gia ta pio shmantika tojwta gefyria stoys nomoys Iwanninwn, Grebenwn alla kai merika alla apo thn ypoloiph xwra.

Nomos Iwanninwn

- Toy Noytsoy h Kokkoroy, 1750: Monotojo gefyri, konta sto xwrio Khpoi Zagorioy. Gefyrwnei ton potamo Biko. Prwtos xorhgos htan o Noytsos Kontodhmos apo to xwrio Bradeto kai to 1768 episkeyasthke apo ton Noytso Karamesinh. Exei ena poly mikro anakoyfistiko tojo kai mia marmarinh epigrafh sth dytikh pleyra poy mnhmoneyei thn episkeyh toy 1960 apo thn "Enwsh Zagorisiwn Aqhnwn".

- To Kalogeriko h toy Plakida, 1814: Tritojo. Gefyrwnei ton potamo Biko. Prwtos xorhgos yphrje o kalogeros Serafeim apo to monasthri toy Profhth Hlia ths Bitsas. O Alejandros Mammopoylos to xarakthrise ws "kampia en kinhsei". To katastrwma toy den einai epipedo kai akoloyqei ta anebokatebasmata twn 3 tojwn.

- Ths Zermas, axronologhto: Ditojo. Gefyrwnei ton potamo Sarantaporo. Brisketai anamesa sth Drosophgh (=Kantsiko) kai thn Plagia (=Zerma) toy Dhmoy Mastoroxwriwn. Exei dyo anisa kai ojykoryfa toja kai to me-sobaqro toy xtisthke panw se fysiko braxo. H kataskeyh toy mporei na sxetizetai me thn idrysh ths Monhs ths Panagias ths Zermas kata to 15o aiwna.

- Ths Konitsas, 1870: Monotojo. Gefyrwnei ton potamo Awo, notiodytika ths polhs ths Konitsas. Isws to megalytero monotojo ths Balkanikhs me diastaseis tojoy 20x40 metra. Kostise 120.000 grosia kai xorhgoi htan o I. Loylhs, oi afoi Liampeh, h A. Papazogloy, k.a. O Ziwgas Frontzos apo thn Pyrsogiannh htan o prwtos mastoras. Exei siderenio kampanaki.

Nomos Grebenwn

- Toy Aziz Aga, 1727: Tritojo. Gefyrwnei ton potamo Benetiko. Brisketai anamesa sta xwria Trikwmo kai Khpoyrio. To mesaio tojo exei yfos 15m. kai gi' ayto einai to chlotero sth Makedonia. To synoliko mhkos toy gefyrioy einai 71 m. Ta dyo mikrotera toja briskontai ektos ths baqeias koiths toy potamoy. Exei sfhnoeideis proboloys sta dyo mesobaqra kai dyo anakoyfistika toja. Eixe ena kampanaki kremasmeno sto mesaio tojo.

- Stis Portitses, 1840: Ditojo. Gefyrwnei ton potamo Belonia, enan apo toys dyo parapotamoys toy Benetikoy. Brisketai prin apo to omwnymo faraggi, konta sto xwrio Sphlaio. To mesaio tojo exei yfos 7,80m. kai to synoliko mhkos toy gefyrioy einai 34m. Ta dyo akrobaqra kai to ena mesobaqro edrazontai se braxoys. Exei ena anakoyfistiko tojo kai diathrei to kalnterima me tis entones kliseis.

- Toy Myloy h toy Katsoygiannh, 1820: Tritojo. Gefyrwnei ton potamo Belonia, enan apo toys dyo parapotamoys toy Benetikoy. Brisketai anamesa sta xwria Sphlaio kai Mayranaioi.

To mesaio tojo exei yfos 7m. kai to synoliko mhkos toy gefyrioy einai peripoy 50m. To notio tojo katastrafhke kai antikatastaqhke me plaka apo oplismeno skyrodema. Exei dyo mesobaqra alla mono ena anakoyfistiko tojo.

- Toy Khpoyrioy, axronologhto: Tetratojo. Gefyrwnei ton Stayropotamo, ton allo parapotamo toy Benetikoy kai brisketai anamesa sta xwria Khpoyrio kai Phgaditsa. To megalytero tojo exei yfos 6,90m. kai to synoliko mhkos toy gefyrioy einai 48m. Ta tria mesobaqra exoyn trigwnikoys proboloys kai mono ena exei anakoyfistiko tojo. Metatraphke se odikh kai gi' ayto exei tsimentenia kolwnakia

Apo olh thn Ellada

- Toy Manwlh, 1659: Monotojo. Gefyrwnei ton potamo Agrafiwth, anamesa sta xwria D. Fragkista kai Loggitsi. To tojo exei anoigma 30m. kai yfos 22m. Kata thn paradosh o prwtomastoras Manwlhs edwse to onoma toy s' ayto to gefyri. Shmera einai byqismeno sthn texnhth limnh Kremastwn kai "emfanizetai labwmeno" mono se periodoys paratetamenhs anombrias.

- Sto 5o xlm. Janqhs-Stayroypolhs: Palaiotera htan polytojo, alla shmera ditojo. Gefyrwnei ton potamo Kosynqo. Axronologhto. Legetai oti eixe ennea toja, alla meta tis plhmmyres toy 1996 exei apomeinei ditojo me ena hmikykliko anakoyfistiko tojo. To kyrio tojo exei anoigma 12m. kai yfos 5,10 m. kai to synoliko mhkos toy gefyrioy einai 35m. Endiaferon paroysiazei to kleidi toy megaloy tojoy poy ferei ena anaglyfo carokykalo.

- Ths Karytainas Arkadias, 1414: Pentatojo. Gefyrwnei ton potamo Loysio. To megalytero tojo exei katarreysei kai sth qesh toy topoqethqhke jylinos foreas. Exei idiaiterh morfh. Einai to monadiko gefyri s' oloklhrh thn Ellada poy sto deytero megalytero mesobaqro exei ena ekklhsaki. Apeikonizotan sto xartonomisma twn 5.000 drx.

- Toy Eptaxwrioy Kastorias, axronologhto: Monotojo. Gefyrwnei ena rema poy katalhgei sto Zoyzoyliwtiko poy einai parapotamos toy Sarantaporoy. To tojo exei anoigma 10m. kai yfos 5,50m. kai to synoliko mhkos toy gefyrioy einai 19m. Brisketai mesa sto xwrio, ki etsi xrhsimopoieitai kaqhmerina. Gi' ayto to logo, ferei jylino sthqaio kai stis dyo pleyres toy katastrwmatos.

Ta petrina tojwta gefyria synhqws einai xtismena se mia idiaiterh alla kai se polles periptwseis dysprosith qesh. Ejaitias ths dysprosiths qeshs toys alla kai ths entonhs astyfilias poy katadynasteyei thn ellhnikh ypaiqro tis perissoteres fores ta petrina tojwta gefyria den apoteloyn anapospasto kommati toy amesoy periballontos twn Ellhnwn kai oi gnwseis toys sxetika me ayta einai periorismenes ews anyparktes. Para polla exoyn perielqei se axrhstia kai anapofeykta exoyn ginei bora sth fqoropoio dynamh toy pandamatora xronoy. H ekdosh toy Kentroy Periballontikhs Ekpaideyshs Makrinitsas Phlioy kanei mia synoptikh anadromh sthn pagkosmia gefyropoiia, paroysiazei merika apo ta pio xarakthristika petrina tojwta gefyria poy yparxoyn h yphrxan s' oloklhrh thn Ellada, kanontas mia idiaiterh anafora s' ayta toy Phlioy, meleta kai anaparista th diadikasia kataskeyhs toys, systhnei toys synhqws anwnymoys kataskeyastes toys, ta ergaleia kai th synqhmatikh glwssa toys kai sto telos paraqetei arketa fylla ergasias gia maqhtes olwn twn baqmidwn ekpaideyshs.

Kyrios stoxos ths einai h eyaisqhtopoihsh ths maqhtikhs koinothtas, ths koinhs gnwmhs kai twn armodiwn forewn poy sxetizontai me thn prostasia oxi mono toy fysikoy alla kai toy domhmenoy periballontos.

[04] Breqhke giafka

Eidikotera, opws anakoinwqhke apo thn Astynomia ``kata tis apogeymatines wres, entopisthke isogeios xwros staqmeyshs se polykatoikia epi ths odoy B. Antwniadoy 54 ston Karea, o opoios eixe noikiasqei apo ton Noembrio toy 2007 sto onoma ``Dhmosqenhs Mandalwzhs``. Sto onoma ayto, opws exei hdh dhmosiopoihqei, eixe ekdoqei plasth taytothta poy breqhke sto aytokinhto toy Kwnstantinoy Goyrna, o opoios kathgoreitai gia symmetoxh sthn tromokratikh organwsh ``Epanastatikos Agwnas``''.

O ekproswpos Typoy ths EL.AS. eipe oti ston xwro breqhkan mexri twra:

``Treis fiales ygraerioy, xwrhtikothtas 20 litrwn ekasth, oi opoies htan misogemates me ekrhktikh ylh ANFO .

Tessera metallika doxeia apoqhkeyshs elaioladoy, xwrhtikothtas 75 litrwn ekasto, ek twn opoiwn ta dyo (2) gemata ekrhktikh ylh ANFO .

Mia plastikh sakoyla aporrimmatwn xrwmatos prasino h opoia perieixe 15 kila ekrhktikhs ylhs ANFO .

Treis motosikletes megaloy kybismoy, oi opoies eferan diples pinakides kykloforias.

Pente mpagkazieres motosikletas, entos twn opoiwn, metajy twn allwn eyrhmatwn, yphrxan arketes pinakides kykloforias motosikletwn''.

Apo thn Astynomia doqhkan sth dhmosiothta fwtografies toy xwroy kai o ekproswpos Typoy ths ELAS tonise oti ``ta onomata Dhmosqenhs Mandalwzhs kai Anastasios Gribokwstopoylos, aforoyn stoixeia poy xrhsimopoihqhkan apo toys kathgoroymenoys gia thn kataskeyh plastwn deltiwn taytothtas kai th xrhsh toys gia thn enoikiash krhsfygetwn''. Symplhrwse akomh oti ``me to onoma Paraskeyopoyloy Basilikh, eixe noikiasqei to spiti poy diemene o Nikolaos Maziwths me thn Panagiwta Roypa, sta Kalybia''.

H EL.AS. zhta apo toys polites na epikoinwnoyn sta thlefwna 170, 1014, 1964, efoson exoyn opoiadhpote sxetikh plhroforia, idiaitera se oti afora ekmisqwsh oikias h allwn xwrwn sta parapanw onomata.

[05] ``Drash pantoy''

To PG yposthrizei oti ta kybernhtika metra den aposkopoyn sth swthria ths xwras, alla sthn prostasia twn kerdwn kai symferontwn toy megaloy kefalaioy kai prosqetei oti ``kybernhsh, EE, DNT ekbiazoyn to lao gia na skycei to kefali. Me th sthrijh ths ND kai toy LAOS, odhgoyn toys ergazomenoys, ta laika strwmata, se dramatikh epideinwsh ths zwhs toys. Kaqe topos doyleias, kaqe ergatogeitonia, kaqe sxolh, prepei na ginei kastro organwshs kai palhs, antistashs kai ergatikhs - laikhs antepiqeshs''.

Entones einai oi epikriseis toy KKE gia thn politikh ths kybernhshs sto asfalistiko, kaqws , opws tonizei, me to nomosxedio gia to Asfalistiko, poy etoimase h kybernhsh, ``odhgoyntai ston oristiko entafiasmo opoia asfalistika dikaiwmata exoyn apomeinei meta to diadoxiko sfagiasmo ths Koinwnikhs Asfalishs apo tis kybernhseis toy PASOK kai ths ND''. Epishmainetai akomh sthn anakoinwsh oti ``to teleiwtiko xtyphma sthn Koinwnikh Asfalish akoloyqei h perikoph misqwn kai ston idiwtiko tomea''.

To PG toy KKE yposthrizei oti ``einai teleiws apoprosanatolistikh h antiparaqesh anamesa sta kommata ths diaxeirishs, gia to an eprepe na yparjei epilogh apokleistika toy eyrwenwsiakoy mhxanismoy daneiodothshs h mhxanismoy me th symmetoxh toy DNT, opws ekane h kybernhsh. Kai h EE kai to DNT einai mhxanismoi imperialistikoi, mhxanismoi allhlejartwmenoi''.

To KKE epikrinei kai ton SYRIZA giati opws anaferei ``ston apoprosanatolismo synteinei kai h politikh epixeirhmatologia toy SYN/SYRIZA, o opoios epilegei ton enan apo toys dyo lhstes, thn EE, paraplana to lao milwntas gia kalo proeklogiko PASOK kai kako meteklogiko''.

To PG sthn anakoinwsh toy ``kataggellei ston ellhniko lao thn entetalmenh apoprosanatolistikh ekstrateia twn MME, poy exoyn epistrateysei toys legomenoys eidikoys, gia na prokaloyn sygxysh stoys ergazomenoys kai na strwnoyn to edafos na perasei h politikh toy kefalaioy\'' kai kalei toys ergazomenoys kai ta laika strwmata ``twra na apegklwbistoyn apo ta ideologhmata enos fayloy kykloy. Na egkataleicoyn th ND kai to PASOK, na allajoyn to sysxetismo twn dynamewn sto syndikalistiko kinhma se baros twn pleiochfiwn ths GSEE kai ths ADEDY poy exoyn balei plath, gia na perasei o odostrwthras twn antilaikwn metrwn''.

[06] "Efyge" h Anna Kaloyta

H khdeia ths qa ginei thn Trith stis 3 to meshmeri apo to A' nekrotafeio ths Aqhnas.

H Eirhnh-Anna Kaloyta, hqopoios, prwtagwnistria kai qiasarxhs, gennhqhke sthn Aqhna to Septembrio 1918.

Apofoithse apo thn Ionio Sxolh qhlewn kai spoydazontas parallhla piano afosiwqhke sto qeatro ki arxise na emfanizetai kai se ellhnikes kinhmatografikes tainies. Parallhla asxolhqhke me th xorografia, th skhnoqesia kai thn kallitexnikh dieyqynsh.

Htan molis tessarwn etwn, otan me thn aderfh ths Maria (poy efyge apo th zwh to 2006) prwtoemfanisthkan sxedon nhpia sto qiaso Marikas Kotopoylh kai malista se ergo prozas. Etsi dhmioyrghsan ta perifhma "Kaloytakia" paidia qaymata ths epoxhs ekeinhs se ola ta eidh toy moysikoy qeatroy.

Se operetes opws "Glykia Nana", "Baftistikos", "Apaxhdes twn Aqhnwn", "Monterna koritsia diegrace mia lamprh poreia enw se hqografies opws to "Fintanaki" toy Xorn, se kwmeidyllia opws "o Agaphtikos ths Boskopoylas", h "Gkolfw" kai h "Maria h Pentagiwtissa" egine idiaitera gnwsth sto koino.

Epi 15 xronia ekane periodeies se Eyrwph, Amerikh, Aystralia, Afrikh kai Nea Zhlandia, enw emfanisthke kai sta shmantikotera qeatra se olo ton kosmo.

Me thn aderfh ths Maria hxografhsan polloys diskoys se Ellada kai ejwteriko, enw h teleytaia ths kinhmatografikh emfanish htan sthn tainia toy Pantelh Boylgarh "Eleyqerios Benizelos".

Yphrje melos toy Swmateioy Ellhnwn Hqopoiwn, timhqhke me diplwmata ellhnikwn presbeiwn gia tis periodeies ths kai epishs me polles stratiwtikes mneies gia thn cyxagwgia toy stratoy se olh th diarkeia toy polemoy.

Qrylikh qa meinei akoma gia tis polemikes epiqewrhseis toy 1940, idiaitera sto "Eyzwnaki" alla kai argotera se roloys Smyrnias.

[07] Staxth kai xaos

Polles xwres exoyn kleisei toys enaerioys xwroys toys ews arga thn Kyriakh h kai thn Deytera, me apotelesma dekades xiliades epibates na exoyn apokleistei se pagkosmio epipedo, enw metewrologoi lene oti h kateyqynsh twn anemwn shmainei oti to synnefo den qa apomakrynqei ews toylaxiston ta mesa ths ebdomadas.

Sthn Polwnia, oloklhros o enaerios xwros einai kleistos, kai mia seira jenwn antiproswpeiwn apo olo ton kosmo -poy eprokeito na parastoyn sthn khdeia toy Proedroy Lex Katsinski kai ths syzygoy toy poy skotwqhkan stis 10 Aprilioy se aeroporiko dystyxhma konta sto Smolensk ths Rwsias- akyrwnoyn to tajidi toys.

Hdh exoyn anakoinwsei oti den qa parastoyn sthn khdeia o Proedros twn HPA Mparak Ompama, h kaggelarios ths Germanis Aggela Merkel, o Gallos Proedros Nikola Sarkozi

Symfwna me toys metewrologoys, to synnefo hfaisteiakhs staxths poy kineitai sta ychlotera strwmata ths atmosfairas isws ginei pyknotero thn Trith kai thn Tetarth, apotelwntas etsi akoma megalytero kindyno gia tis pthseis kai epibarynontas thn katastash--metajy allwn kai gia tis aeroporikes etairies, poy xanoyn panw apo 200 ekat. dolaria thn hmera.

H hfaisteiakh skonh kata tis ektimhseis eidikwn mporoyn na prokalesoyn terastia problhmata stoys kinhthres twn aeroskafwn kai stoys aisqhthres toys, alla kai stis atraktoys toys. Wstoso, oi dokimastikes pthseis poy ekanan xqes h KLM kai h Lufthansa ekanan arketa stelexh twn etairiwn na aisiodojoyn.

H KLM anefere oti aeroskafos ths petaje sto synhqismeno ycometro twn 10 xlm. ws ta 13 xlm., xwris problhmata. H Loyftxansa anakoinwse oti ekane 10 pthseis apo th Frankfoyrth sto Monaxo, se ycos ews kai 8 xlm., xwris na prokycei "tipote to asynhqisto, oyte sthn diarkeia ths pthshs, oyte sthn diarkeia ths prwths epiqewrhshs sto edafos". Ean ayta ta eyrhmata epibebaiwqoyn kai apo toys ejantlhtikoteroys texnikoys elegxoys, oi dyo etairies anakoinwsan oti qa arxisoyn na kanoyn orismenes pthseis.

Ta problhmata stis aerometafores poy anekycan meta thn hfaisteiakh ekrhjh sthn Islandia einai ta sobarotera meta tis epiqeseis ths 11hs Septembrioy 2001 stis HPA, otan o amerikanikos enaerios xwros eixe kleisei gia treis hmeres kai oi Eyrwpaikes etairies eixan anasteilei oles tis diatlantikes pthseis.

Thn Paraskeyh, symfwna me to ryqmistiko forea Eurocontrol, eginan molis 10.400 pthseis ston Eyrwpaiko enaerio xwro enanti twn 28.000 poy einai o synhqismenos ariqmos, enw xqes Sabbato anamenontan molis 5.000 enanti twn 22.000 poy htan programmatismenes.

Oi zhmies poy proklhqhkan sthn pagkosmia enaeria kykloforia yperbainoyn ekeines poy proklhqhkan meta tis tromokratikes epiqeseis ths 11hs Septembrioy toy 2001, anakoinwse o Dieqnhs Organismos Politikhs Aeroporias (ICAO).

H hfaisteiakh drasthriothta emfanisthke na ejasqenizei xqes Sabbato, alla isws synexistei gia hmeres, akoma kai gia mhnes, kata ajiwmatoyxoys kai eidikoys. To synnefo poy prokalei, symfwna me thn metewrologikh yphresia AccuWeather, qa ginei "pyknotero thn Trith kai thn Tetarth, apotelwntas akoma megalyterh apeilh gia ta aeroporika tajidia. . . pantws, anamenetai epishs na einai stenotero kai na ephreazei mia mikroterh se ektash perioxh".

Symfwna me thn idia yphresia, mia kataigida ston Atlantiko kai h allagh ths kateyqynshs twn anemwn thn Pempth isws dialysoyn to synnefo.

Bretania kai Dania einai anamesa stis xwres poy anamenotan na diathrhsoyn kleisto ton enaerio xwro toys kai shmera Kyriakh. H Bretania anakoinwse nwris shmera oti h apagoreysh pthsewn parataqhke ws tis 18:00. H Gallia anakoinwse oti ta aerodromia toy Parisioy qa meinoyn kleista ews toylaxiston to prwi ths Deyteras, h Italia diathrei ta aerodromia sto boreio tmhma ths xwras kleista, h Ollandia pareteine thn apagoreysh pthsewn ws shmera argotera to prwi kai h Elbetia ws arga to meshmeri (15:00 wra Elladas).

Synolika to problhma, mexri ayth th stigmh, afora thn Aystria, to Belgio, thn Kroatia, thn Tsexia, th Dania, thn Esqonia, thn Finlandia, th Bretania, th boreia Gallia, to megalytero meros ths Germanias, meros ths Ispanias, thn Oyggaria, thn Irlandia, th boreia Italia, thn Ollandia, th notia Norbhgia, thn Polwnia, th Roymania, th Boylgaria, th Slobakia, th Slobenia, thn Kroatia, th Soyhdia, thn Elbetia, th Leykorwsia, thn Oykrania, tis xwres ths Baltikhs (Letonia, Liqoyania, Esqonia), th Serbia, to Mayroboynio kai en merei th Bosnia-Erzegobinh, kai bebaia thn idia thn Islandia.

H hfaisteiakh staxth den exei ftasei akomh sthn Ellada, alla -kaqws to hfaisteiako nefos brisketai sth geitonia mas- h Yphresia Politikhs Aeroporias kai oi alles armodies arxes briskontai se epifylakh, parakoloyqoyn apo konta to fainomeno, gia na apofasisoyn an qa kleisoyn kai ton Ellhniko enaerio xwro, an xreiastei.

Einai xarakthristiko, oti apo thn Ellada, pthseis ejwterikoy pragmatopoioyntai mono gia th Mesogeio, dhladh, Albania, Toyrkia, Ispania, Kypro, Mesh Anatolh kai Afrikanikes xwres.

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