[01] Etoimazoyn kinhtopoihseis oi agrotes

``H ypomonh mas exei ejantlhqei. Mexri shmera kanena apo ta metra poy qa mporoysan na ejasfalisoyn th biwsimothta twn agrotwn den exei prowqhqei'', ypogrammizei o Baios Gkanhs, ek meroys toy Panelladikoy Syntonistikoy organoy. Kata th diarkeia ths polywrhs synedriashs sth Libadeia shmeiwqhke ap' oloys toys omilhtes oti ta katejoxhn aithmata ta opoia mphkan sto trapezi stis synanthseis poy eixan sto ypoyrgeio Agrotikhs Anaptyjhs, ``paramenoyn akomh sto syrtari ths politikhs hgesias toy ypoyrgeioy''. Malista ypogrammisthke se idiaitera ychloys tonoys oti ta sygkekrimena aithmata einai poly palia kai ta gnwrizei apo tote poy htan sthn antipoliteysh h politikh hgesia toy ypoyrgeioy Agrotikhs Anaptyjhs.

Symfwna me tis apofaseis toy Panelladikoy Organoy, oi agrotes epistrefontas sta xwria toys qa sygkrothsoyn ena mplok se kaqe nomo me prosygkentrwseis poy qa jekinhsoyn apo tis 12 toy mhna sta xwria. Symfwna me toys organwtes, tote qa ektimhqoyn oi dynatothtes, opws epishs kai ta shmeia twn piqanwn apokleismwn twn eqnikwn dromwn. Mexri tote omws den koboyn tis gefyres epikoinwnias me to ypoyrgeio para to gegonos oti to synolo twn omilhtwn, kata th diarkeia ths synanthshs sth Libadeia, milhsan gia ``empaigmo''.

Thn idia wra agrotes apo thn perioxh toy Domokoy kai eyrytera ths Fqiwtidas, apo thn perioxh Farsalwn kai thn perioxh ths Karditsas gemisan asfyktika to dhmotiko qeatro sto Domoko gia na symmetexoyn sth syzhthsh poy anoije h ypoyrgos Agrotikhs Anaptyjhs Katerina Mpatzelh me toys agrotes. Ajizei na shmeiwqei oti olh th diadikasia thn parakoloyqoysan metajy allwn syndikalistes xwris omws se kamia fash na paroyn to logo.

Sthn polywrh diadikasia poy krathse perissotero apo tesseris wres anadeixqhkan ta kentrika qemata politikoy prosanatolismoy toy ypoyrgeioy poy exoyn sxesh me thn organwsh toy synetairistikoy kai syndikalistikoy kinhmatos ston agrotiko xwro, thn ekpaideysh kai epimorfwsh twn agrotwn, to kostos paragwghs alla kai thn poiothta twn paragomenwn proiontwn.

Kata th diarkeia ths omilias ths h ypoyrgos Agrotikhs Anaptyjhs edwse idiaiterh emfash sta qemata poy exoyn sxesh me thn anamorfwsh toy ELGA enw se o,ti afora thn AGROGH parepemce se anakoinwseis poy qa ginoyn tis epomenes meres.

``Aytos o polemos ths katanomhs twn epidothsewn toy ELGA kata to dokoyn twn efhmeridwn h allwn qewrw oti prepei na teleiwsei'', eipe, metajy allwn, h ka Katerina Mpatzelh, epanalambanontas thn proqesh toy ypoyrgeioy gia anasygkrothsh toy ELGA ``me epektash twn kindynwn kalychs'', opws xarakthristika ypogrammise.

``O agwnas o opoios dinoyme einai poly megalos kai oi antiqeseis, o topikismos h ta symferonta poly megala'', shmeiwse gia to idio qema, h ypoyrgos Agrotikhs Anaptyjhs kai katelhje dieykrinizontas oti ``enas ypoyrgos den kineitai apo topikismo alla kineitai katarxhn gia na kalycei tis zhmies se perioxes toy topoy poy eixan kai tis megalyteres katastrofes''

`` Polytima ergaleia sta xeria olwn mas'', xarakthrise h ka Mpatzelh thn oloklhrwsh ths chfiopoihshs, h opoia, opws ypogrammise, `` qa oloklhrwqei opwsdhpote mesa stoys xronoys poy exoyn topoqethqei''. Malista shmeiwse me emfash oti aytos o xronos ekpneei sto telos toy Genarh, opws exei prosdiorisei kai h E.E.. Parallhla anakoinwse oti se sxesh me to OSDE toy 2010 qa ginei dhmosios anoixtos diagwnismos.

[02] Antisyntagmatikh h mh ektelesh diatagwn plhrwmhs se baros toy Dhmosioy

Eidikotera, o bAreios Pagos aperrice aithsh Panepisthmioy kai dexqhke oti htan ektelesth h diatagh plhrwmhs 62.731 eyrw poy eixe ekdwsei to Texniko Epimelhthrio Ellados gia dhmosio ergo se baros toy AEI. To Panepisthmio eixe ypoballei anakoph kata ths en logw diataghs plhrwmhs yposthrizontas oti einai akyrh.

bOpws anaferetai sthn areopagitikh apofash, apo to Syntagma, to Dieqnes Symfwno gia ta Atomika kai Politika Dikaiwmata kai thn Eyrwpaikh Symbash Dikaiwmatwn toy Anqrwpoy synagetai oti gia thn apotelesmatikh dikastikh prostasia epitrepetai h ektelesh dikastikwn apofasewn kata toy Dhmosioy kai twn Nomikwn Proswpwn Dhmosioy Dikaioy gia xrhmatikes apaithseis. Stoys de ektelestoys titloys, symfwna panta me thn dikastikh apofash, symperilambanontai kai oi diatages plhrwmhs poy ejomoiwnontai leitoyrgika me dikastikes apofaseis, giati epilyoyn diafores kai antapokrinontai sta leitoyrgika gnwrismata ths dikastikhs prostasias toy arqroy 20 toy Syntagmatos.

Synepws, synexizei h apofash toy Areioy Pagoy, to arqro 20 toy N. 3301/2004 me to opoio den ekteloyntai oi diatages plhrwmhs (epacan na qewroyntai ektelestoi titloi) antikeitai sto Syntagma kai sta Dieqnh Symfwna, enw, opws prosqetei h areopagitikh apofash, epitrepetai h ekdosh diataghs plhrwmhs apo ton armodio politiko dikasth, dhladh ton Eirhnodikh h to dikasth toy Monomeloys Prwtodikeioy.

[03] Shmera h khdeia toy G. Boyltech

O Giannhs Boyltechs gennhqhke sto Argostoli to 1923. Epi Italikhs Katoxhs phre meros sto Maqhtiko Kinhma kata ths Prosarthsews twn Eptanhswn kai to 1943 diaperaiwqhke sth Dytikh Sterea, opoy katataxqhke ston ELAS me to ceydwnymo Akelas. Foithse sth Sxolh Efedrwn Ajiwmatikwn kai onomasqhke anqypoloxagos. Phre meros se maxes enantion twn germanikwn strateymatwn kai protaqhke gia to Aristeio Apeleyqerwtikoy Agwnos kai gia proagwgh ston baqmo toy ypoloxagoy epb andragaqia.

Meta th Barkiza synelhfqh sto Argostoli me diatagh twn Agglwn kai paremeine kratoymenos xwris dikh ws ton Aygoysto toy 1945. Synelhfqh kai pali to 1946, ws dieyqynths ths efhmeridas toy EAM ``Eleyqerh Kefallonia'' kai katadikasqhke gia ``adikhmata Typoy'' se fylakish pente etwn kai trieth ektopish. Apolyqhke ton Maio toy 1952 kai proshlqe ston Strato ws ``neosyllektos''. Ton esteilan sthn apomonwsh ths Makronhsoy, opoy ``yphrethse'' ws ``aplos opliths''.

Syntakths ths ``Ayghs'' apo ton Martio toy 1953 kai antapokriths ths ``Eleyqerias'' Larishs. Plohgos ths Ypoqeshs Lamprakh, ton Ioynio toy 1965 brabeyqhke se geniko dhmosiografiko diagwnismo ``gia thn plhrestath kalych ths Ypoqesews Lamprakh apo astynomikhs pleyras kai gia thn ojyderkh analysh toy sxetikoy me to egklhma anakritikoy ergoy''.

Sth diarkeia ths eptaxronhs diktatorias ezhse ws aytoejoristos sth Rwmh kai aneptyje entonh drasthriothta yper mias paneqnikhs enothtas gia thn egkairh apokatastash toy koinoboyleytikoy politeymatos. Meta thn katarreysh ths diktatorias ergasqhke sta periodika ``Epikaira'', ``Anti'', ``Politika Qemata'' kai stis hmerhsies efhmerides ``Apogeymatinh'', ``Eleyqeros Typos'', ``Meshmbrinh'' kai ``Athens News''.

Apo to 1984 ws to 1993 dietelese Dieyqynths toy Grafeioy Typoy ths Neas Dhmokratias.

Dietelese epi polles qhteies Proedros toy Peiqarxikoy Symboylioy ths ESHEA.

Exei timhqei me to Metallio Eqnikhs Antistashs 1941-1945 gia thn symmetoxh toy sthn Antistash toy Ellhnikoy Laoy kata twn strateymatwn Katoxhs, kaqws kai me to Brabeio Litina toy Idrymatos Mpotsh.

Egrace ta biblia ``Ypoqesh Manolh Glezoy'' (1960), ``H Megalh Poreia'' (1961), ``Ypoqesh Lamprakh'' (1966), ``O Anatolikos Anemos'' (1967), ``H Katagwgh kai o Qanatos ths Synwmosias'' (1976), ``Synagwnisths Akelas'' (1983), ``H agnwsth tragwdia toy Alekoy Panagoylh'' (1984), ``H apokalych toy fasismoy'' (1984), ``H politikh diaqhkh toy Gewrgioy Papandreoy kai h Antistash toy Andrea'' (1985), ``Proklhsh'' (1986), ``Deka sklhra xronia sth Nea Dhmokratia'' (2004).

H ESHEA ekfrazei ta qerma syllyphthria ths sthn oikogeneia toy maxhth ths dhmosiografias kai toy dhmosioy symferontos, poy me th dhmosiografikh kai thn agwnistikh drash toy yphrethse thn Eleyqeria toy Typoy kai thn Patrida.

O epitimos proedros ths Neas Dhmokratias, prwhn prwqypoyrgos k.Kwnstantinos Mhtsotakhs, molis plhroforhqhke ton qanato toy Giannh Boyltech , ekane thn akoloyqh dhlwsh:

O Giannhs Boyltechs den htan mono diakekrimenos dhmosiografos, htan propantos anqrwpos. Anejarthtos, antisymbatikos, asymbibastos kai anidiotelhs, oloklhro to makro toy bio enhrghse symfwna me tis epitages ths syneidhshs toy kai ta prostagmata ths cyxhs toy. Agwnisths sthn eqnikh antistash, paron sboloys toys agwnes gia thn dhmokratia kai thn politikh omalothta. Emeine pistos sta pisteyw toy kai tis filies toy. H Nea Dhmokratia kai egw proswpika toy ofeiloyme polla. Ton apoxairetw me agaph kai eyxomai na breqoyn polloi neoteroi na akoloyqhsoyn to paradeigma toy. Sthn Oikogeneia toy apeyqynw, qermotata syllyphthria"

O Proedros toy LA.O.S, k. G. Karatzaferhs ekane thn ejhs dhlwsh:

``Giannhs Boyltechs. Enas megalos daskalos ths dhmosiografias. Mia entonh proswpikothta xwris parwpides kai dogmatismoys. Enas ejairetika eyfyhs, entimos kai ergatikos anqrwpos toy Typoy efyge me thn ``anatolh'' toy 2010. Amesws meta thn ptwsh ths kybernhshs Mhtsotakh eixa thn ejairetikh tyxh na ton exw konta moy. Grhgoros, epinohtikos, pote me fwnes kai pote me kefallonitiko xioymor, epebale thn grammh toy. Oi ekpompes toy sto ``THLEASTY'' apetelesan ``sxolh'' gia toys newteroys. O ``mparmpa-Giannhs'' qa leicei se oloys, se aristera kai dejia. Qa leicei, omws, perissotero se osoys doylecan mazi toy, kai idiaitera stoys oikeioys toy''.

[04] Rekor eisprajewn to "Avatar"

H trisdiastath tainia episthmonikhs fantasias exei eisprajei mexri shmera toylaxiston 350 ekatommyria dolaria stis HPA kai ston Kanada kai peripoy 670 ekatommyria ston ypoloipo kosmo, opws dhlwse o Tsant Xartigkan, analyths ths etaireias ayths toy Los Antzeles.

"Oydepote mia tainia den eftase se toso mikro xroniko diasthma to ena dis. dolaria", eipe, prosqetontas oti symfwna me tis probleceis den apokleietai oi eisprajeis na ftasoyn ta 4 dis.

To gyrisma toy Avatar ypologizetai pws stoixise 300-500 ekatommyria dolaria.

[05] Odoiporiko sthn Isla Negra kai ta spitia toy Pamplo Neroyda

O Xilianos poihths Pamplo Neroyda einai gnwstos gia to Brabeio Nompel Logotexnias me to opoio timhqhke to 1971 gia ta erwtika soneta toy. Polloi twn gnwrisan apo th stadiodromia toy ws diplwmath kai alloi gia tis kommoynistikes toy pepoiqhseis se mia dyskolh periodo gia th Latinikh Amerikh. Sthn Ellada egine gnwstos kai apo th melopoihsh toy ergoy toy me titlo "Kanto Xeneral" apo ton moysikosynqeth Mikh Qeodwrakh.

Syggrafeas, diplwmaths, politikos, h aktinobolia toy Pamplo Neroyda efqase se olo ton kosmo. Proswpikothta dhmioyrgikh, anhsyxh, polydiastath, erwtikh, tajidiarikh, peripeteiwdhs. Shmera, apotelei symbolo gia to xiliano lao, poy me kamari protrepei toys episkeptes ths Xilhs na zhsoyn apo konta ton ``megalytero poihth toy 20oy aiwna'', opws ton xarakthrise o pio gnwstos syggrafeas ths Kolombias, Gkampriel Gkarsia Markes.

``Exw gia th zwh mian antilhch dramatikh kai romantikh. O,ti den aggizei baqia thn eyaisqhsia moy den me endiaferei. Oson afora thn poihsh, sthn pragmatikothta katalabainw poly liga pragmatab¦ H poihsh didasketai bhma-bhma anamesa sta pragmata kai stis yparjeis, xwris na ta xwrisoyme, alla enwnontas ta me thn anidiotelh aplwsia ths agaphs'', egrace gia ton eayto toy o Pamplo Neroyda.

Sto Santiago, sto Balparaiso kai sthn Isla Negra, sta tria spitia toy Pamplo Neroyda, o episkepths mporei na parei mia aisqhsh gia ton poihth poy to onoma toy egine synwnymo me th romantikh poihsh. To APE - MPE breqhke ekei poy ezhse o anqrwpos poy egine h aformh na gyristei h tainia ``O Taxydromos''.

To prwto spiti toy Pamplo Neroyda brisketai sthn prwteyoysa ths xwras, Santiago. Einai to Tsaskona (La Chascona) sthn mpoemikh geitonia Mpegiabista. Shmera einai moyseio. To onoma toy spitioy shmainei toyfa, onoma poy phre apo ta atiqasa mallia ths xhras toy poihth Matilnte Oyroytia. O Neroyda htan maniwdhs syllekths kai sto eswteriko toy spitioy toy, o episkepths mporei na dei polla apo ta antikeimena poy sygkentrwne sta tajidia toy, opws gia paradeigma ta koxylia. H syllogh toy periexei 9.000 ostraka - ta 400 apo aytes tis ``mikres xwres apo filntisi'', opws ta apokaloyse o poihths, ektiqentai aytes tis meres gia prwth fora sto Institoyto Qerbantes ths Madriths.

To idryma Neroyda (Fundacion Neruda) to opoio synthrei ola ta spitia toy Neroyda, ta opoia exoyn metatrapei se moyseia, analambanei thn jenaghsh stoys xwroys ths oikias.

To deytero spiti brisketai sthn kardia mias polhs monadikhs gia thn arxitektonikh ths ston kosmo, toy Balparaiso. Molis miamish wra apo thn prwteyoysa. Xtismeno sthn koryfh enos lofoy, me treis orofoys kai qea to limani ths polhs, opws ypodexetai ta ploia poy armenizan ston Eirhniko wkeano. Onomazetai Sempastiana (La Sebastiana).

Exei toys ligoteroys episkeptes se sxesh me ta tria spitia, gia ayto kai den ginetai jenaghsh me gkroyp, alla o kaqenas eleyqera mporei na periplanhqei sta dwmatia me ta megala paraqyra kai th syllogh apo ta xrwmatista krystalla kai mpoykalia. Sthn krebatokamara toy einai kai h eikona ths Panagias, dwro enos Ellhna filoy toy.

Mporei na mhn exei polloys episkeptes, omws einai mia yperoxh eykairia gia na gnwrisei kaneis ``proswpikes'' ptyxes toy poihth. Gia tesseris mhnes o Neroyda krybotan sto ypogeio ayths ths katoikias diwkomenos apo thn tote kybernhsh ths xwras, apo opoy katafere na diafygei meta sthn Argentinh kai thn Eyrwph, opoy ezhse ejoristos apo to 1948 ws to 1952.

To trito toy spiti, poy einai kai to diashmotero, brisketai sthn Isla Negra - poy den einai nhsi. Einai mia paraqalassia oikia, kapoy mia wra notia apo to Balparaiso. Xiliades oi toyristes poy to episkeptontai. Einai ekei opoy shmera brisketai o litos toy tafos, poy blepei pros ton agaphmeno toy Eirhniko. Sto spiti ayto ezhse me thn trith toy syzygo, th Matqildh, h opoia einai qammenh dipla toy.

To spiti, xtismeno se enan yperycwmeno braxo, gemato prasino kai ton aera na "pianei steria" epeita apo thn periplanhsh toy ston aperanto wkeano, ystera apo mia poreia xiliometrwn poy jekinhse apo thnb¦ apenanti Aystralia. Ena karabaki sthn aylh etoimo na armenisei, agkyres kai to spiti, ena moyseio, gemato monadika antikeimena enos anqrwpoy me idiaitero goysto. Jylines gorgones poy kosmoysan plwres ploiwn. Ekei poy h mia agaph toy, h qalassa ginotan ena me ton erwta toy gia th gynaika kai ta tajidia.

To spiti xtisthke stis arxes toy 1950, otan o Neroyda egine ploysios. Pantoy, eixe kialia gia na agnanteyei to pelagos ki otan eide kapote mia sanida na epipleei, eipe sth syntrofo toy oti ``ayto einai to grafeio toy''. H anemodarmenh ayth sanida, bernikwqhke, sthrixqhke se petrina podia ki egine to agaphmeno toy grafeio, opoy eixe syntajei ta pio shmantika toy erga. Dipla toy mia pagkosmia sfaira gia na blepei ton kosmo, an kai o idios logw ths diplwmatikhs toy karieras tajideyse poly. Isws ena apo ta pio gemata spitia apo dwra, sylloges kai soybenir mias zwhs toso gemaths opws ayth toy Neroyda.

To spiti lehlathqhke apo toys Xilianoys stratiwtes, to 1973, ligo meta to qanato toy. H xoynta toy Pinoset prospaqhse na ejafanisei kaqe stoixeio poy parepempe se ayton. To spiti anoije tis portes toy jana to 1990 me thn apokatastash ths dhmokratias sth xwra kai siga-siga sygkentrwqhkan ta antikeimena toy Neroyda poy shmera o episkepths mporei na dei.

O Pamplo Neroyda peqane apo karkino stis 23 Septembrioy 1973, ligo meta th dolofonia toy Aliente apo toys prajikophmaties toy Pinoset. Tote, o diktatoras apagoreyse na ginei dhmosio gegonos h khdeia toy Neroyda, wstoso to plhqos achfhse th froyra kai kateklyse toys dromoys, metatrepontas thn khdeia sthn prwth dhmosia diamartyria enantia sth stratiwtikh diktatoria ths Xilhs. To stratiwtiko kaqestws mexri to 1990 eixe apagoreysei ta erga toy poihth.

``An aggizes monaxa thn kardia moy, an akoympoyses to stoma soy panw sthn kardia moy, to leptokamwmeno stoma soy, ta dontia soy, an akoympoyses th glwssa soy san ena belos porfyro ekei poy h skonismenh kardia moy xtypaei, an fysages mes sthn kardia moy, konta sth qalassa, qrhnwntas, q' antilaloyse m' ena qorybo skoteino, m' enan hxo apo troxoys ypnwmenoy trenoy, wsan nero tremoyliasto, wsan fqinopwro se fylla...''. (Pamplo Neroyda)

[06] "Paradeigmatikh timwria"

Oi astynomikoi poy synelhfqhsan apo andres ths Dieyqynshs Eswterikwn Ypoqesewn, oi opoioi dienhrghsan ereyna me entolh toy arxhgoy ths ELAS, ektos apo ton basanismo toy kratoymenoy gia ashmanto logo, prokeimenoy na sygkalycoyn tis prajeis toys, synetajan kai dikografia me thn ceydh kathgoria oti o 30xronos epixeirhse na apodrasei.

Se dhlwsh gia thn ypoqesh, proebh o ypoyrgos Prostasias toy Polith, Mix. Xrysoxoidhs.

H dhlwsh toy ypoyrgoy exei ws ejhs:

``Thn paramonh ths prwtoxronias, enas allodapos kratoymenos sto Tmhma Akropolhs metatraphke se sako toy mpoj apo merikoys apanqrwpoys kai asyneidhtoys astynomikoys. Symfwna me ola ta diaqesima stoixeia, afoy basanisthke kai jylokophqhke, odhghqhke sto nosokomeio, opoy noshleyetai traymatismenos.

Qelw na steilw ena jekaqaro mhnyma me apodektes kaqe enstolo ergazomeno, alla kai kaqe synanqrwpo, Ellhna h allodapo, poy katoikei sthn xwra mas. H kataxrhsh ejoysias, ta basanisthria kai o ejeytelismos ths anqrwpinhs ajioprepeias einai deigmata barbarothtas. Mias barbarothtas poy prosballei eyqews tis arxes toy kratoys dikaioy, th dhmokratia, tis ajies ths ellhnikhs koinwnias, yponomeyontas thn prospaqeia mas na synyparxoyme eirhnika, me katanohsh kai anqrwpia.

Opoios qewrei oti den desmeyetai apo to Syntagma kai toys nomoys toy kratoys, oxi mono den exei qesh sthn Astynomia kai sta Swmata Asfaleias, alla qa logodotei kai qa timwreitai paradeigmatika. Paradeigmatika qa timwrhqoyn kai oi ypaitioi toy sygkekrimenoy peristatikoy.

Eimaste apofasismenoi na prostateyoyme ton polith apotelesmatika, protassontas ton apolyto sebasmo twn anqrwpinwn dikaiwmatwn kai thn epideijh eyqynhs kai epaggelmatismoy apenanti sthn anomia, sthn ayqairesia kai sth bia, ap'opoy ayth kai an proerxetai. Den prokeitai na kanoyme kamia ekptwsh sthn apostolh mas na eggyhqoyme thn asfaleia kai tis eleyqeries kaqe synanqrwpoy mas''.

[07] Na enhmerwqoyn oi polites

To eggrafo proorizetai na kykloforhsei gia enhmerwsh twn politwn anaforika me th lysh ths Omospondias. Ejhgei ti shmainei ``omospondia'' kai se ti diaferei apo to eniaio kratos kai ti shmainei ``dizwnikh, dikoinotikh omospondia''. Ta politika kommata qa melethsoyn to eggrafo kai qa proboyn se parathrhseis, wste to teliko keimeno na ekdoqei se eidiko fylladio kai na dianemhqei stoys polites. H kybernhsh Xristofia etoimazei ki alles prwtoboylies sto plaisio ths ekstrateias enhmerwshs poy exei ejaggeilei, oi opoies perilambanoyn endelexh enhmerwsh gia thn omospondia sygkekrimenwn koinwnikwn omadwn kaqws kai alles eidikes ekdhlwseis.

Ta kyria shmeia toy eggrafoy, poy dhmosieythkan stis efhmerides ``Fileleyqeros'' kai ``Poliths'', anaferoyn:

1. Ta krath, an ejetastoyn apo th skopia ths morfhs ths politeiakhs toys domhs, xwrizontai se dyo kathgories: Sta eniaia kai sta omospondiaka. To eniaio kratos einai ena aplo, kyriarxo kratos, poy xwrizetai se eparxies apokleistika gia dioikhtikoys skopoys. Oi eparxies aytes ypagontai kat' eyqeian sta nomoqetika, ektelestika kai dikastika organa toy kratoys. Edw prepei na jexwrisoyme tis ennoies ``eniaio'' kai ``enwmeno''. Den noeitai kratos poy na mhn einai enwmeno, poly perissotero sth dikh mas periptwsh, poy agwnizomaste gia thn epanenwsh ths Kyproy. H omospondia einai synqeto kratos, poy apoteleitai apo dyo toylaxiston perifereies, h kaqemia apo tis opoies exei ta dika ths organa ejoysias nomoqetikwn, ektelestikwn, dikastikwn organwn poy droyn mesa sta plaisia twn armodiothtwn poy toys paraxwrei to kentriko syntagma.

2. H basikh diafora ths synomospondias apo thn omospondia egkeitai sto oti h prwth den apotelei kratos apo monh ths, krath einai ta systatika ths merh. Enw sthn omospondia symbainei to antiqeto. Kratos apotelei mono h idia kai oxi ta systatika ths merh. H morfh ths politeiakhs domhs enos kratoys kaqorizetai apo mia seira oikonomikwn, gewgrafikwn, istorikwn h akomh kai politikwn paragontwn, apo thn eqnotikh toys systash, tis sxeseis twn diaforwn koinothtwn, omadwn k.a. Den yparxei kamia syntagh, kanena etoimo protypo omospondias, poy na efarmozetai omoiomorfa se ola ta krath poy epelejan ayth thn politeiakh domh. Yparxoyn shmera gyrw sta 20 omospondiaka krath se oles tis hpeiroys, poy katalambanoyn peripoy th mish ektash toy planhth kai s' ayta zei peripoy to 40% toy plhqysmoy ths ghs. Anamesa toys einai h Rwsikh Omospondia, oi HPA, o Kanadas, oi Indies, h Brazilia, h Argentinh, h Aystralia, h Germania k.a.

3.Ta gnwrismata ths Omospondias se basikes grammes einai:

a. H yparjh dyo toylaxiston perifereiwn - systatikwn merwn ths Omospondias me dika toys nomoqetika, ektelestika kai dikastika organa, kaqws kai syntagma se arketes periptwseis, panta omws me ierarxikh yperoxh toy omospondiakoy syntagmatos.

b. Diaxwrismos twn armodiothtwn metajy ths omospondias kai twn perifereiwn.

g. Kyriarxh einai mono h kentrikh ejoysia kai mono ayth exei dieqnh proswpikothta, dhladh thn ikanothta synachs dieqnwn synqhkwn kai symmetoxhs se dieqneis organismoys. Yparxei enothta edafoys, laoy kai oikonomias.

d. Yparxoyn, kata kanona, dyo Boyles, h Anw Boylh (Geroysia), poy ekproswpei tis perifereies kai poy synhqws h ekproswphsh toys se

ayth einai ish (p.x. HPA, Elbetia, Brazilia), kai h Katw Boylh, opoy h ekproswphsh ginetai kat' analogia plhqysmoy.

4. Dizwnikh - dikoinotikh

Mesa apo tis Symfwnies Ychloy Epipedoy, kaqws kai apo ta chfismata toy Symboylioy Asfaleias toy OHE, einai jekaqaro oti egine apodekth mia omospondia poy na apoteleitai apo dyo perioxes me antistoixh ellhnokypriakh kai toyrkokypriakh dioikhsh. To an aytes oi perioxes qa onomazontai eparxies, h politeies, h allws pws, den exei oysiastikh shmasia sto dieqnes dikaio. Shmasia exei oti qa exoyme dyo perioxes me antistoixh ellhnokypriakh kai toyrkokypriakh dioikhsh. Ayto einai poy ennooyme otan miloyme gia dizwnikothta kai tipota perissotero. O oros ``dizwnikh'' den perilambanetai sth Symfwnia Ychloy Epipedoy toy 1977. Shmasia, omws, exei to periexomeno kai oxi oi opoiesdhpote onomasies. Anaferetai, loipon, sth Symfwnia Makarioy-Ntenktas (1977):

``(1) Epidiwkoyme mia anejarthth, adesmeyth, dikoinotikh omospondiakh Dhmokratia. (2) To edafos poy qa telei ypo thn dioikhsh kaqe koinothtas qa prepei na

syzhthqei ypo to fws ths oikonomikhs biwsimothtas h paragwgikothtas kai ths idiokthsias ghs. (3) Zhthmata arxwn opws ths eleyqerias diakinhshs, eleyqerias egkatastashs, to dikaiwma perioysias kai alla eidika qemata, einai anoikta pros syzhthsh lambanomenhs ypoch ths qemeliwdoys bashs enos dikoinotikoy omospondiakoy systhmatos kai orismenwn praktikwn dyskoliwn poy qa mporoysan na egerqoyn gia thn toyrkokypriakh koinothta''.

Sth Symfwnia ginetai logos kai gia diasfalish ths enothtas ths xwras, oros poy apeyqynetai sthn toyrkokypriakh pleyra. To erwthma gia th dikh mas pleyra einai kata poson dexomaste tis paragrafoys 2 kai 3. An nai, tote dexomaste to periexomeno ths dizwnikhs, poy den einai allo apo thn yparjh dyo zwnwn (h politeiwn opws onomazontai stis HPA h gaiwn opws onomazontai sth Germania h kantoniwn opws onomazontai sthn Elbetia h eparxiwn opws onomazontai ston Kanada, ayto den exei oysiastikh shmasia), kaqemia apo tis opoies qa dioikeitai apo thn antistoixh koinothta.

Oson afora thn anafora se ``dizwnikh'', epishmainetai oti ola ta sxedia toy OHE, kaqws kai oi protaseis ths ellhnokypriakhs pleyras toy 1989, poy ypoblhqhkan meta tis Symfwnies Ychloy Epipedoy, pronooyn rhtws gia dizwnikh omospondia oson afora thn edafikh ptyxh, dhladh yioqetoyn ton oro kai toy prosdidoyn to periexomeno poy anaferqhke pio panw. To idio kai plhqwra chfismatwn toy Symboylioy Asfaleias. Kanena apo ta pio panw sxedia den aporrifqhke logw anaforas se dizwnikh. Pio prosfata h symfwnia metajy twn dyo koinothtwn, ayth ths 8hs Ioylioy 2006, ypo ton titlo ``Desmh Arxwn'' pronoei: ``1. Desmeysh gia thn epanenwsh ths Kyproy me bash mia dizwnikh, dikoinotikh omospondia kai politikh isothta, opws kaqorizetai sta sxetika chfismata toy Symboylioy Asfaleias''.

Shmeiwnetai oti h toyrkokypriakh pleyra aperripte thn pio panw arxh, alla telika, me thn epimonh ths ellhnokypriakhs pleyras, anagkasthke na thn apodexqei.

5. Ti shmainei ``dikoinotikh'';

O oros ``dikoinotikh'', opws kaqorizetai apo ton idio ton OHE, shmainei oti kai oi dyo koinothtes qa symmetexoyn apotelesmatika sta organa kai tis apofaseis ths kentrikhs ejoysias. Ayto to stoixeio den einai neo. Perilambanetai kai sto Syntagma toy 1960. Apomenei na kaqoristei mesa apo tis diapragmateyseis kai mesa apo thn telikh symfwnia to sygkekrimeno periexomeno ths apotelesmatikhs symmetoxhs sta organa ejoysias kai tis apofaseis ths kentrikhs ejoysias. Se kaqe, omws, periptwsh den mporei oi Ellhnokyprioi, epeidh einai h pleiochfia, na apofasizoyn gia ola apo monoi toys kai na epibaloyn th qesh toys. Oyte kai oi Toyrkokyprioi na kataxrwntai toy dikaiwmatos gia ``apotelesmatikh symmetoxh'', to opoio se kamia periptwsh den shmainei ish ariqmhtikh symmetoxh.

6. Politikh isothta ki armodiothtes

H ellhnokypriakh pleyra stoxeyei se lysh dizwnikhs, dikoinotikhs omospondias me politikh isothta, opws orizetai sta sxetika chfismata toy Symboylioy Asfaleias. Gia ena kratos me mia kai monh kyriarxia, mia kai monh iqageneia, mia kai monh dieqnh proswpikothta. H dieykrinish gia politikh isothta, opws orizetai sta chfismata toy OHE, einai aparaithth giati h Toyrkia kai h toyrkokypriakh hgesia prosdidoyn ston oro to periexomeno, poy toys boleyei. Dhladh, yponooyn thn isothta dyo kratwn kai miloyn sxedon gia plhrh ariqmhtikh isothta se ola. Ta chfismata twn Hnwmenwn Eqnwn jekaqarizoyn oti me ton oro politikh isothta den ennooyn isothta dyo kratwn, oyte kai ariqmhtikh isothta se ola ta epipeda ths ejoysias. Tonizoyn to stoixeio ths apotelesmatikhs symmetoxhs sthn ejoysia kai sth lhch twn apofasewn. Poyqena den prosdidetai periexomeno poy na afistatai ths qemeliwdoys qeshs arxhs oti h lysh qa pronoei th metejelijh toy eniaioy kratoys se omospondiako. Ejalloy, h apopeira dhmioyrgias deyteroy kratoys sthn Kypro exei katadikastei me bash to dieqnes dikaio toso apo ton OHE, oso kai apo alloys dieqneis organismoys. Ena apo ta pio basika zhthmata ths omospondias einai o katamerismos twn armodiothtwn metajy omospondias kai perifereiwn. Sth dieqnh praktikh synantoyme diaforoys tropoys katamerismoy armodiothtwn. Sthn kentrikh ejoysia dinontai oi shmantikes ekeines armodiothtes, poy aforoyn thn omospondia, ws synolo, kai ejasfalizoyn thn enothta toy kratoys. Synhqws, aytes oi armodiothtes einai: ejwterikes sxeseis, amyna, asfaleia, dhmosionomikes ypoqeseis, thlepikoinwnies, emporio, emmesh forologia, epilysh twn diaforwn anamesa sthn omospondia kai tis perifereies, opws kai anamesa stis idies tis perifereies. Oi armodiothtes, poy dinontai stis perifereies, basika aforoyn zhthmata poy exoyn sxesh me aytes kai oxi me thn omospondia ws synolo. Ayta ta zhthmata einai gia paradeigma: organa topikhs dioikhshs kai aytodioikhshs, topikh astynomia, prostasia toy topikoy periballontos, politistika qemata, paideia, organwsh twn topikwn dikasthriwn mesa sta plaisia twn arxwn poy kaqorizoyn ta kentrika dikasthria k.a. Aparaithto stoixeio kaqe omospondiakoy systhmatos einai o diaxwrismos twn armodiothtwn. Anejarthtws twn tropwn diaxwrismoy toys, pantoy xwris ejairesh oi armodiothtes twn eparxiwn einai akribws oi idies. Kai emeis edw sthn Kypro den prokeitai na prwtotyphsoyme. Oi ejoysies kai armodiothtes poy qa afhnei to kentriko syntagma stis eparxies qa einai akribws oi idies. Anantirrhta loipon, h isothta twn eparxiwn sta plaisia toy omospondiakoy kratoys einai dedomenh.

H efhmerida ``Fileleyqeros'' shmeiwnei oti sto eggrafo apofeygontai leptomereies, poy briskontai sto trapezi twn diapragmateysewn kai aforoyn gia paradeigma thn ek peritrophs proedria.

[08] Gia logoys asfaleias

Oi Hnwmenes Politeies exoyn endeijeis oti h Al Kainta sxediazei mia epiqesh enantion stoxoy sthn prwteyoysa ths Yemenhs, anefere symboylos toy Amerikanoy proedroy Mparak Ompama.

O Tzon Mprenan, symboylos se qemata eswterikhs asfaleias kai antitromokratias, dhlwse sto amerikaniko thleoptiko diktyo CNN oti "yparxoyn endeijei pws h Al Kainta sxediazei mia epiqesh enantion stoxoy sth Sanaa".

H Oyasingkton den protiqetai na anoijei sthn Yemenh ena "deytero metwpo" toy polemoy kata ths tromokratias, oyte na anaptyjei "pros to paron" strateymata sthn taragmenh ayth xwra ths arabikhs xersonhsoy, dhlwse o symboylos toy proedroy Mparak Ompama, diabebaiwnontas omws parallhla oti oi Hnwmenes Politeies qa "ejoydeterwsoyn" thn Al Kainta.

"Den qa elega oti skopeyoyme na anoijoyme ena deytero metwpo", eipe o Mprenan sto thleoptiko diktyo Fox, mia hmera afotoy oi amerikanikes kai bretanikes arxes anakoinwsan thn enisxysh ths antitromokratikhs drashs toys sthn Yemenh kai th Somalia, ystera apo thn apotyxoysa tromokratikh epiqesh anhmera ta Xristoygenna se amerikaniko aeroskafos poy ekteloyse thn pthsh Amsterntam-Ntitroit apo ton nighriano Oymar Faroyk Ampntoylmoytalamp.

O Tzon Mprenan prosqese oti oi amerikanikes arxes diaqetoyn adiaseista stoixeia, symfwna me ta opoia h Al Kainta ekpaideyei andres sthn Yemenh kai prospaqoyn na ejakribwsoyn an "yparxei ekei katw kai allos Ampntoylmoytalamp".

Se allh synenteyjh toy sto CNN o proedrikos symboylos dhlwse ejalloy oti oi Hnwmenes Politeies exoyn endeijeis oti h Al Kainta sxediazei mia epiqesh enantion stoxoy sthn prwteyoysa ths Yemenhs Sanaa.

Enisxymena metra asfaleias

Oloi oi tajidiwtes apo th Nighria, thn Yemenh, to Pakistan, thn Koyba, to Iran, to Soydan kai th Syria poy tajideyoyn aeroporikws pros tis HPA qa ypokeintai se swmatiko elegxo, qa dierxontai apo "sarwtes" kai qa ginetai elegxos stis aposkeyes toys symfwna me kanones asfaleias poy isxyoyn apo shmera 4h Ianoyarioy, grafei h efhmerida ths Oyasingkton "Politiko".

Oles oi aeroporikes etaireies poy kanoyn dromologia pros tis HPA eidopoihqhkan gia ta nea metra asfaleias, ta opoia einai enisxymena meta thn apotyxhmenh tromokratikh energeia s ena amerikaniko aeroplano me proorismo to Ntitroit ta Xristoygenna, apo enan nearo Nighriano, prostiqetai apo thn idia phgh.

Prohgoymena ta metra ayta aforoysan stoys epibates poy tajideyan aeroporikws stis HPA apo to Iran, thn Koyba, to Soydan kai th Syria, enw "epekteinontai" pleon kai stoys epibates poy tajideyoyn apo to Pakistan, thn Yemenh kai th Nighria, sxoliasthke sthn Oyasingkton apo toys parathrhtes.

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