[01] Sth Boylh to nomosxedio gia thn peraiwsh

Sth syskech qa symmetasxoyn o antiproedros ths Kybernhshs Q. Pagkalos, kaqws epishs kai oi ypoyrgoi, yfypoyrgoi: G. Ragkoyshs, G. Papakwnstantinoy, Ey. Benizelos, M. Xrysoxoidhs, T. Mpirmpilh, D. Reppas, L. Katselh, A. Loberdos, F. Saxinidhs kai G. Petalwths.

Nwritera, o k. Papandreoy qa exei synanthsh me ton ypoyrgo Oikonomikwn G. Papakwnstantinoy gia thn oikonomia.

Epipleon, o prwqypoyrgos qa exei synanthseis me ton Epitropo Eswterikwn Ypoqesewn ths Eyrwpaikhs Epitrophs, Sesilia Malmstrom kai ton Presbh twn HPA, Ntaniel Smiq, sto Megaro Majimoy, stis 11:00 kai tis 16:00, antistoixa.

Mikroterh prokatabolh kai perissoteres doseis qa problepei to nomosxedio gia thn peraiwsh twn ekkremwn forologikwn ypoqesewn poy anamenetai na katateqei shmera sth Boylh se sxesh me to arxiko sxedio poy eixe doqei sth dhmosiothta thn perasmenh ebdomada. H apofash ayth parqhke apo to Ypoyrgiko Symboylio poy synedriase gia to qema ths peraiwshs.

Analytikotera, symfwna me to ypoyrgeio Oikonomikwn, h prokatabolh gia thn peraiwsh qa anelqei sto 20% toy synolikoy posoy, enanti 25% poy problepontan sto arxiko sxedio.

Oi doseis apo 12 qa ayjhqoyn stis 24, enw opws dieykrinizetai den anamenetai na allajoyn ta elaxista posa gia to kleisimo twn ypoqesewn.

Parallhla qa ejairoyntai apo thn peraiwsh osoi exoyn kanei aytoperaiwsh ews to 2007 me ejairesh to deigma elegxoy enw gia ta eth 2008 kai 2009 stis periptwseis aytoperaiwshs qa problepetai peraiwsh me thn katabolh toy 50% apo ta elaxista problepomena posa.

"Oxi" anoxh sthn forodiafygh

H prospaqeia ths ejygianshs ths oikonomias prepei na synexistei xwris thn paramikrh xalarwsh, tonise o prwqypoyrgos Giwrgos A. Papandreoy, milwntas xqes sth synedriash toy Ypoyrgikoy Symboylioy.

Opws anefere o k. Papandreoy, mexri twra h prospaqeia ayth proxwra me epityxia, wstoso, opws parathrhse, h epityxia ayth qa sfragistei apo tis megales allages, poy prepei na prowqhqoyn se kaqe tomea kai prepei na beltiwnoyn thn kaqhmerinh zwh toy polith, thn prooptikh kai to mellon toy.

O G. A. Papandreoy anaferqhke sto qema ths peraiwshs forologikwn ypoqesewn, tonizontas oti ola ayta ta xronia to forologiko systhma leitoyrgoyse me ejofqalmh plhmmeleia kai anoxh sth forodiafygh.

Ayth th stigmh, prosqese, yparxoyn 2,5 ekat.anelegktes xrhseis, fainomeno gia to opoio apedwse thn eyqynh sxedon apokleistika sthn Politeia.

Aytos einai o logos, tonise, gia ton opoio prepei na ginei mia nea arxh, na diamorfwqei mia nea forologikh syneidhsh kai na yparjei mia nea forologikh antilhch.

Ayth h allagh, opws eipe, ginetai gia na allajoyme thn dysbastaxth klhronomia enos amartwloy parelqontos, meros toy opoioy einai oi anelegktes ypoqeseis.

Anaferomenos sth dyskolia ekkaqarishs olwn aytwn twn ypoqesewn, o k. Papandreoy tonise oti kanenas forologikos mhxanismos, oyte o pio artios den qa mporoyse na ekkaqarisei apotelesmatika kai me diafanh tropo toses polles ypoqeseis se mikro xroniko diasthma.

O prwqypoyrgos epanelabe th systash toy pros ta melh ths kybernhshs na mhn taytizontai me to ypoyrgeio toys kai toys zhthse na diamorfwsoyn ena sygkekrimeno xronodiagramma twn megalwn proteraiothtwn poy tiqentai apo kaqe ypoyrgeio.

Prepei, opws tonise, h kybernhsh na doylecei me desmeytika xronodiagrammata kai zhthse, epishs, kaqe ypoyrgeio na mhn fernei apospasmatika kapoio qema sto Ypoyrgiko Symboylio, alla na paroysiazei th synolikh politikh toy, h opoia kai qa anadeiknyetai dhmosia.

Idiaiterh emfash edwse o prwqypoyrgos sthn epikoinwniakh diaxeirish twn kybernhtikwn drasewn, tonizontas oti o stoxos einai h megistopoihsh toy apotelesmatos twn kybernhtikwn prwtoboyliwn.

Gi'ayto, opws tonise, prepei o programmatismos kai to apotelesma na anadeiknyontai mesa apo mia kentrikh dieyqynsh poy qa anadeiknyei ola ta qetika stoixeia, ta opoia prowqei to kaqe ypoyrgeio.

Dhlwseis Trise

Thn pepoiqhsh toy oti an h Ellada emmeinei sthn aysthrh efarmogh toy oikonomikoy programmatos poy problepei to mnhmonio tote oi prospaqeies ths qa anagnwrisqoyn, ejefrase apo tis Bryjelles, milwntas sthn epitroph oikonomikwn ypoqesewn toy Eyrwpaikoy Koinoboylioy, o proedros ths Eyrwpaikhs Kentrikhs Trapezas Zan Klont Trise. O proedros ths EKT dhlwse epishs oti to teleytaio diasthma exoyn prowqhqei shmantikotates allages sthn ellhnikh oikonomia oi opoies, opws eipe, qa ajiologhqoyn apo ta armodia qesmika organa.

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[02] Apofasizoyn gia thn poreia twn kinhtopoihsewn

Sth diarkeia ths synanthshs, symfwna me plhrofories, diatypwqhkan diaforetikes protaseis, me toys ``sklhropyrhnikoys'' na epimenoyn se synexish twn kinhtopoihsewn, me to aitiologiko den ``exoyme pleon na xasoyme tipota'' kai toys pio cyxraimoys na proteinoyn anastolh twn kinhtopoihsewn.

Kaneis omws den qelhse na parei thn eyqynh gia thn oristikh apofash kai etsi breqhke mia allh lysh, dhladh na sygklhqei Genikh Syneleysh kai na apofasisei h bash. Dieykrinisthke pantws, oti ayth th fora qa sthqoyn kalpes kai den qa lhfqei apofash dia bohs, opws thn perasmenh Paraskeyh.

Apo thn pleyra toys oi ekproswpoi toy emporikoy kai epixeirhmatikoy kosmoy poy synanthqhkan me toys metaforeis, afhsan na ennohqei oti qa xrhsimopoihsoyn ola ta mesa poy diaqetoyn gia na yperaspistoyn tis epixeirhseis toys.

``Qa prosfygoyme dikastika kata twn metaforewn an synexistei ayth h katastash'', dhlwse o proedros ths Enwshs Epimelhthriwn Ellados k. Giwrgos Kassimaths. ``Yparxei nomos kai prepei na efarmostei'' shmeiwse apo thn pleyra toy o proedros toy EBEA Kwnstantinos Mixalos kai kalese ta syntetagmena organa ths politeias na efarmosoyn toys nomoys. ``Paraitoymai apo kaqe allh prospaqeia synennohshs me toys metaforeis'' tonise o proedros ths Eqnikhs Synomospondias Emporwn, k. Basilhs Korkidhs. Kai oi treis symmeteixan sth synanthsh me toys metaforeis poy pragmatopoihqhke to apogeyma sto Epimelhthrio toy Peiraia.

Xqes, syzhththqhke sthn Olomeleia toy Symboylioy ths Epikrateias, kekleismenwn twn qyrwn, h aithsh twn syndikatwn xersaiwn metaforwn ths Aqhnas kai ths Makedonias- Qrakhs poy zhtoyn na anastalei h epitajh twn forthgwn kai bytioforwn.

H Olomeleia toy StE me proedro toy Anwtatoy Akyrwtikoy Dikasthrioy ton P. Pikrammeno kai eishghth ths ypoqeshs ton symboylo Epikrateias Ant. Staqakh akoyse tis qeseis toy nomikoy parastath toy Dhmosioy poy yposthrije oti h epitajh twn forthgwn aytokinhtwn egine gia logoys dhmosioy symferontos kai yperamynqhke ths syntagmatikothtas kai ths nomimothtas ths epitajhs. Akomh, o dikhgoros toy dhmosioy yposthrije oti apo thn apergia twn forthgwn exei proklhqei adynamia efodiasmoy twn nosokomeiwn me synepeia na yparxei kindynos ths zwhs twn asqenwn, alla parallhla yparxei kai problhma efodiasmoy ths agoras me trofima kai alla agaqa prwths anagkhs.

Antiqeta, oi dikhgoroi twn syndikatwn tonisan oti h epistrateysh einai antisyntagmatikh kai paranomh, kaqws pleon twn allwn, den exei hmeromhnia lhjhs. Akomh, aneferan oti opws xeirizetai h Kybernhsh to qema ths apeleyqerwshs twn adeiwn twn forthgwn aytokinhtwn, xwris diapragmateyseis, oi idiokthtes toys zhmiwnontai.

H ekdosh ths apofashs anamenetai.

Ejalloy, h Eyrwpaikh Epitroph prosefyge epishmws sto Dikasthrio twn Eyrwpaikwn Koinothtwn zhtwntas toy na anagnwrisei oti h Ellada me thn epibolh periorismwn sthn ekdosh twn adeiwn kykloforias twn oxhmatwn dhmosias xrhsews kai twn idiwtikwn bytioforwn, parabiazei to arqro 49 ths Synqhkhs gia th Leitoyrgia ths Eyrwpaikhs Enwshs, to opoio afora thn eleyqeria egkatastashs twn epixeirhsewn.

Nea entash sto limani

Sto metajy, nea entash proklhqhke to brady sto limani toy Peiraia, kaqws metaforeis prospaqhsan kai pali na empodisoyn forthga na epibibastoyn sta ploia, me apotelesma na sygkroystoyn me dynameis twn MAT.

To prwi omada metaforewn empodise 20 kai pleon forthga na epibibastoyn se ploia, metaferontas emporeymata sta nhsia. Thn idia wra entash epikrathse kai sto mploko ths Metamorfwshs, otan orismenoi idiokthtes qelhsan na paroyn ta oxhmata toys gia na doylecoyn kai alloi synadelfoi toys, toys parempodisan me apotelesma na xreiastei h parembash ths astynomias.

Enwpion toy eisaggelea odhghqhkan dyo metaforeis -pateras kai gios- poy synelhfqhsan ejw apo to Kentro Epejergasias Lymatwn sth Metamorfwsh se mikroepeisodio metajy idiokthtwn forthgwn kai astynomikwn.

O eisaggeleas askhse se baros twn dyo metaforewn poinikh diwjh gia diatarajh koinhs eirhnhs enw se baros toy patera aphggeile epipleon kathgories gia ta adikhmata ths antistashs kata ths Arxhs kai ths epikindynhs swmatikhs blabhs kaqws feretai na dagkwse sto xeri ajiwmatiko ths ELAS.

Oi dyo kathgoroymenoi parapemfqhkan se dikh.

Parembash Samara

Parembash sto qema poy exei prokycei me tis kinhtopoihseis aytokinhtistwn kai ton anefodiasmo ths agoras, ekane o proedros ths ND Antwnhs Samaras.

O k. Samaras ekane ekklhsh stoys idiokthtes twn forthgwn na anasteiloyn tis kinhtopoihseis toys, kai parallhla, ekane ekklhsh ston prwqypoyrgo na dwsei megalyterh metabatikh periodo wste na ektonwqei h krish, dhladh opws ejhghse, na kanei h kybernhsh estw kai me kaqysterhsh ayto poy proteine h ND apo thn arxh.

O k. Samaras epiteqhke kai sthn kybernhsh, legontas: "epishmainw th diafora anamesa sth dikh mas antipoliteytikh stash, thn ypeyqynh kai ekeinh toy PASOK prin apo ena xrono otan o shmerinos prwqypoyrgos katebaine ston Peiraia kai emfanizotan ws qyma twn dakrygonwn, poy shmera bebaia peftoyn me dikh toy entolh".

Katalhgontas, o k. Samaras anefere: "kanw ekklhsh na prytaneysei h logikh apo oles tis pleyres shmera oxi ayrio, giati to emporio exei fqasei sta oria toy kai den antexei allo ayth thn katastash".

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[03] "Steroyntai sobarothtas"

Epipleon, o k. Pampoykhs epishmane oti ta senaria poy anakyklwqhkan tis teleytaies meres kai kanoyn logo gia ``anaptyjh typoy Las Begkas'' steroyntai sobarothtas kai leitoyrgoyn apoprosanatolistika.

"Oles oi parembaseis poy qa ylopoihqoyn einai entagmenes sto strathgiko plaisio anaptyjhs poy exei ejaggeilei o Prwqypoyrgos kai apolyta enarmonismenes me th synolikh aisqhtikh fysiognwmia toy ellhnikoy topioy", shmeiwse o k. Pampoykhs.

Tonise de oti "to egxeirhma anaplashs toy Ellhnikoy, opws, allwste, kai analoga anaptyjiaka erga, proypoqetei diafaneia, ypeyqynothta kai sobarothta apo oles tis dynameis, enhmerwsh olwn twn emplekomenwn pleyrwn, syllogikh doyleia kai panw apo ola koinwnikh sthrijh kai allhleggyh".

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[04] Antistekontai oi kapnistes

H Ellada, an kai einai h prwth xwra pagkosmiws, sthn opoia qespisthke antikapnistikos nomos (to 1856), fainetai oti antisteketai sqenara sta nea dedomena kai oti oi Ellhnes den ennooyn na egkataleicoyn thn agaphmenh toys synhqeia, to kapnisma.

Htan 31 Ioylioy toy 1856, otan ekdoqhke to basiliko diatagma, to opoio ypegrafe tote ``en onomati toy basilews'' h basilissa Amalia. H apofash eixe lhfqei sto onoma ths asfaleias apo endexomena pyrkagiwn, se kleistoys xwroys. To diatagma egrafe:

``Qelontas na prolabwmen oson enesti ta ej endexomenwn pyrkaiwn dystyxhmata, epi th protasei toy Hmeteroy epi twn Eswterikwn Ypoyrgoy, apefasisamen kai diatattomen.

A'. Apagoreyetai h xrhsis toy kapnizein eite dia kapnosyriggwn (tsimpoykiwn), eite dia sigarwn, eis pantas en genei toys ypallhloys kai yphretas toy Kratoys entos twn dhmosiwn grafeiwn kai katasthmatwn.

B'. H apagoreysis ayth epekteinetai kai eis panta allon proserxomenon eis ta eirhmena katasthmata kai grafeia xarin ypoqesews h allhs tinos aitias.

G'. O Hmeteros epi twn Eswterikwn Ypoyrgos qelei dhmosieysei kai ektelesei to paron Diatagma''.

H sygkekrimenh ryqmish me thn parodo twn xronwn katesth anenergh ki hrqe to 2010, opote h kybernhsh qespise enan apo toys pio aysthroys antikapnistikoys nomoys ths Eyrwphs. Isws epeidh h xwra katexei kai thn prwtia se katanalwsh kapnoy kai proiontwn toy metajy twn xwrwn ths Eyrwpaikhs Enwshs. Sto metajy, exoyn prohghqei nomoi ana thn eyrwpaikh epikrateia -kai oxi monon- poy kanoyn oristikh ``ejwsh'' sto tsigaro.

Sthn Ellada, pantws, mpalkonia, taratses, hmiypaiqrioi, diadromoi, klimakostasia kai kleista grafeia exoyn metatrapei se ``atypa'' kapnisthria se dhmosies yphresies, alla kai se idiwtikes epixeirhseis, prokeimenoy na efarmostei ``ala ellhnika'' o nomos.

Se polla kafe, mpar kai se arketa estiatoria ta pragmata einai pio jekaqara. Kapnizoyme pantoy kai panta san na mhn allaje tipota.

Otan to APE-MPE rwta thn ypeyqynh kafe-mpar giati epitrepei to kapnisma sto katasthma kai giati den exei mazecei ta staxtodoxeia apo ta trapezia, ekeinh me xamogelo apanta: ``ma, o Septembrios einai mhnas systasewn, ara akomh epitrepetai to kapnisma''.

``Emeis exoyme brei allh lysh, den kapnizoyme sta grafeia, alla stoys diadromoys toy kthrioy. Etsi, opoios bgei apo to asanser, brisketai mesa se ena nefos kapnoy, alla otan mpei sta grafeia mas h atmosfaira einai kaqarh'', parembainei kyria apo to diplano trapezi.

Stis epixeirhseis, loipon, h efarmogh toy nomoy metatiqetai gia tis... dyskoles kairikes synqhkes. Stis dhmosies yphresies;

Prwth episkech toy APE-MPE se yphresia toy eyryteroy dhmosioy tomea. Ekei oi ergazomenoi den kapnizoyn mesa sta grafeia toys. Metetrecan se kapnisthrio ta mpalkonia twn grafeiwn toys, to idio ki enan hmiypairqio. ``Poy na trexoyme ston dromo; Einai xasimo xronoy'', lene oi ypallhloi, ta thlefwna xtypoyn kai h doyleia ``trexei''.

Deyteros staqmos toy APE-MPE, ena ypoyrgeio. Ekei, oi perissoteroi katebainoyn ston dromo gia tsigaro. Epeidh, omws, edw einai Ellada, yparxoyn kai oi eyrhmatikoi... Anti na katebainoyn eji orofoys apofasisan na anebainoyn enan kai na briskontai sthn taratsa toy kthrioy. Ki an pali o hlios xtypaei alyphta, yparxei kai to klimakostasio, poy odhgei sthn taratsa. Yparxei kai trith kathgoria. Aytoi einai oi kalyteroi... Kleidwnoyn to grafeio toys, xtypas thn porta, jekleidwnei kai mpaineis mesa se synnefo kapnoy, poy kobetai me to maxairi...

``Ma, xanoyme xrono apo th doyleia mas. Gia na kanoyme ena tsigaro prin, den stamatoysame th doyleia. Twra xanoyme ena eikosalepto. Einai dynaton;'', sxoliazoyn koitazontas se, wsan na eisai o probokatoras ths paragwgikothtas toy dhmosioy...

Katopin olwn toytwn, to APE-MPE apofasizei na mpei ston pleon eyaisqhto xwro. Sta nosokomeia. Episkeptetai, loipon, ena megalo dhmosio nosokomeio, prokeimenoy na diapistwsei pws efarmozetai ekei o nomos. Ela omws, poy den efarmozetai... Dioti, ektos apo toys synodoys, poy etsi ki alliws kapnizan ejw, to proswpiko, iatriko kai noshleytiko, kapnizoyn oloi kanonika entos twn kthriwn.

Grafeia iatrwn, staseis adelfwn, dwmatia imatismoy, mpalkonakia, einai ena aperanto kapnisthrio. H apanthsh apo giatroys kai noshleytes mia ``den mporoyme na afhsoyme toys asqeneis kai na bgainoyme ejw gia tsigaro, an symbei kati ti qa poyme "phga gia kapnisma";''.

H noshleytria dhlwnei: ``Doyleyw sth nyxterinh bardia monh moy, exw na frontisw 30 asqeneis. An qelw na kapnisw ena tsigaro, poy qa paw. Ante, na katebw tesseris orofoys gia na bgw ejw. Ki an xtyphsei ena koydoyni, an kapoios asqenhs qelei kati, poios qa trejei konta toy;''.

Oi meres pernoyn. Ligotero apo ebdomada ypoleipetai gia na metatrapei o ``mhnas prosarmoghs kai systasewn'' se mhna prostimwn ki ola deixnoyn pws oi Ellhnes den einai apofasismenoi na kocoyn tis synhqeies toys.

H thlefwnikh grammh enhmerwshs kai yposthrijhs gia to kapnisma ``1142'' dexqhke to Sabbato 25/9/2010, 3.544 klhseis kai thn Kyriakh, 26/9/2010, 3.532. O synolikos ariqmos klhsewn apo thn 1/9/2010, prwth hmera efarmoghs twn newn metrwn kata toy kapnismatos, efqase tis 102.243 klhseis, ek twn opoiwn oi 1.188 aforoysan kataggelies.

H apagoreysh toy kapnismatos sta krath ths EE

Oles oi xwres ths Eyrwpaikhs Enwshs, alles perissotero, alles ligotero exoyn yioqethsei nomoys kata toy kapnismatos.

Aystria: To kapnisma apagoreyetai se ola ta grafeia, mpar, ntisko, estiatoria k.lp me orismenes ejaireseis, dhladh an OLOI oi ergazomenoi symfwnhsoyn na synexistei to kapnisma.

Apo ton Ianoyario toy 2009 tiqetai se isxy enas neos nomos, poy problepei oti oi idiokthtes estiatoriwn, mpar, ntisko kai pamp, megalyterwn apo 80 t.m., ypoxreoyntai na dhmioyrghsoyn xwroys kapnistwn kai mh kapnistwn.

Belgio: Apo 45 kymata pernoyn oi nomoi kata toy kapnismatos. H prwth apopeira jekina to 2005, otan didetai entolh stis etaireies na efarmosoyn metra kata ths blaberhs synhqeias. Enan xrono meta, ton Ianoyario toy 2006, to kapnisma apagoreyetai stoys xwroys ergasias. Ton Ianoyario toy 2007 to kapnisma apagoreyetai se estiatoria kai mpar, me ejairesh ayta poy ejyphretoyn ``elafra geymata'' (p.x. krya geymata, pitsa, santoyits) kai exoyn ligotero apo to 30% toy tziroy toys apo thn pwlhsh twn trofimwn. Apo thn efarmogh toy nomoy ejairoyntai kai ta mikra mpar.

Ton Septembrio toy 2008 to kapnisma den epitrepetai pleon sta sxoleia kai ton Ianoyarioy toy 2010 teqhke se isxy genikh apagoreysh toy kapnismatos, symperilambanomenwn olwn twn typwn mpar. Wstoso, to metro den threitai kai katalhgei na isxyei monon se katasthmata, poy serbiroyn faghto.

Boylgaria: Apagoreyetai se oloys toys kleistoys dhmosioys xwroys, ektos apo mpar kai estiatoria.

Gallia: Periploka paramenoyn ta pragmata sxetika me to kapnisma sth Gallia. Thn 1h Febroyarioy 2007 apagoreyetai to kapnisma se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys (staqmoi, moyseia, klp) kai apo thn 1h Ianoyarioy 2008, h apagoreysh epekteinetai kai sta mpar, ta kafe, ta estiatoria, toys xwroys diaskedashs.

Symfwna me tis nees ryqmiseis, stoys xwroys estiashs kai diaskedashs epitrepontai oi xwroi kapnismatos, alla ypokeintai se poly aysthroys oroys: mporoyn na katalambanoyn to poly 20% toy synolikoy embadon toy katasthmatos kai to megeqos toys den prepei na einai perissotero apo 35 t.m., prepei na exoyn jexwristh egkatastash ejaerismoy, poy na antikaqista ton plhrh ogko toy aera deka fores ana wra, kai o kaqarismos toy dwmatioy na ginetai apo to proswpiko mia wra meta thn teleytaia xrhsh toy xwroy.

Germania: H Germania einai xwra, poy katexei apo ta ychlotera pososta kapnistwn sthn Eyrwph. Apo to 2007 apagoreyetai to kapnisma se xwroys diaskedashs kai estiashs, enw problepontai xwroi gia kapnistes. Apo ton nomo ejairoyntai oi mikroi xwroi. Wstoso, ta metra ejakoloyqoyn na amfisbhtoyntai kai na mhn efarmozontai.

Ton Febroyario toy 2009, malista, to periodiko ``Der Spiegel'' anefere oti oi elegxoi apo tis arxes gia thn thrhsh ths apagoreyshs sta mpar einai poly adynamoi kai se polles perioxes h apagoreysh den threitai.

Dania: Apo tis 15 Aygoystoy 2007 apagoreyetai to kapnisma sta jenodoxeia, estiatoria, mpar, klamp, dhmosia mesa metaforas, kaqws kai se oloys toys idiwtikoys kai dhmosioys xwroys ergasias. Ejairoyntai ta mpar me embadon mikrotero twn 40 t.m. kai ta grafeia, poy xrhsimopoioyntai apo enan ergazomeno. Wstoso, o nomos exei prokalesei megalh diamaxh kai apo ton Noembrio toy 2007 den efarmozetai.

Esqonia: Apo tis 4 Ioynioy toy 2005 to kapnisma apagoreyetai se kleistoys dhmosioys xwroys kai se xwroys ergasias. Stis 5 Ioynioy toy 2007 h apagoreysh epekteinetai se mpar, estiatoria, kafeteries kai nyxterina kentra, enw epitrepetai h dhmioyrgia xwrwn kapnistwn.

Hnwmeno Basileio: Apo to 2007 to kapnisma apagoreyetai plhrws se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys, toys xwroys ergasias kai diaskedashs. H nomoqesia problepei aysthra prostima gia toys parabates.

Irlandia: Einai h prwth xwra ston kosmo, poy qespise plhrh apagoreysh toy kapnismatos se xwroys ergasias, stis 29 Martioy 2004. Prin thn olikh apagoreysh, to kapnisma eixe hdh teqei ektos nomoy se dhmosia ktiria, nosokomeia, sxoleia, koyzines estiatoriwn, aeroskafh kai trena.

Italia: Htan h tetarth xwra ston kosmo, poy apagoreyse to kapnisma. Apo tis 10 Ianoyarioy 2005 apagoreyetai to kapnisma se oloys toys dhmosioys eswterikoys xwroys, opws mpar, kafe, estiatoria kai ntiskotek. Wstoso, epitrepetai h dhmioyrgia eidikwn xwrwn kapnismatos, me aysthres proypoqeseis.

Ispania: Apo thn 1h Ianoyarioy 2006 h ispanikh nomoqesia apagoreyei to kapnisma se grafeia, katasthmata, sxoleia, nosokomeia, politistika kentra kai mesa mazikhs metaforas, symperilambanomenwn twn staqmwn kai twn aerodromiwn. O nomos orizei, epishs, oti ta estiatoria kai ta mpar anw twn 100 t.m. mporoyn na orizoyn enan xwro kapnistwn. Oi epixeirhmaties twn egkatastasewn, poy einai mikroteres twn 100 t.m. mporoyn na epilejoyn an qa einai kapnistwn, h mh kapnistwn. Wstoso, o nomos sthn prajh exei katastei anenergos kai sta perissotera mpar epitrepetai to kapnisma.

Gia ton logo ayto, h ispanikh kybernhsh exei anakoinwsei enan neo aysthrotero nomo, o opoios qa apagoreyei to kapnisma se oloys toys eswterikoys dhmosioys xwroys, opws mpar, klamp kai estiatoria apo thn 1h Ianoyarioy 2011.

Katw Xwres: Apo to 2008 yparxei plhrhs apagoreysh kapnismatos, enw stoys xwroys diaskedashs epitrepetai h dhmioyrgia xwrwn kapnizontwn. To kapnisma kannabhs (marixoyana kai xasis) epitrepetai se katasthmata kafe, ypo thn proypoqesh oti den anameignyontai me kapno.

Kypros: Apo 1h Ianoyarioy 2010 sthn Kypro apagoreyetai to kapnisma se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys (mpar, estiatoria, nyxterina kentra kai toys xwroys ergasias).

Letonia: Apo thn 1 Maioy toy 2010 to kapnisma apagoreyetai plhrws se estiatoria kai mpar. Apagoreyetai, epishs, se parka kai se apostash deka metrwn gyrw apo ktiria, poy stegazoyn dhmosies yphresies, sxoleia kai staseis meswn mazikhs metaforas.

Liqoyania: Apo thn 1h Ianoyarioy 2007 o antikapnistikos nomos epiballetai se estiatoria, mpar, klamp (ektos apo ta eidika gia kapnisma poyroy) kai nyxterina kentra. Epipleon, to kapnisma apagoreyetai stis dhmosies sygkoinwnies ektos apo toys syrmoys megalwn apostasewn, opoy problepontai xwroi kapnistwn.

Loyjemboyrgo: To kapnisma apagoreyetai se oloys toys kleistoys dhmosioys xwroys, ta nosokomeia, ta emporika kentra, sxoleia kai ta estiatoria. Ejairoyntai ta kafe kai mpar poy serbiroyn monon snak. Epipleon, apagoreyetai to kapnisma se kafe, poy serbiroyn faghto apo tis 12 ews tis 2 to meshmeri kai apo tis 7 ews tis 9 to apogeyma.

Malta: Ton Aprilio toy 2004 to kapnisma apagoreyqhke se oloys toys kleistoys dhmosioys xwroys, symperilambanomenwn twn dhmosiwn metaforwn, klamp kai estiatoria an kai epitrepontai xwroi kapnismatos.

Oyggaria: To kapnisma exei apagoreytei edw kai polla xronia stis dhmosies sygkoinwnies, nosokomeia, aerodromia kai sta dhmosia ktiria, symperilambanomenoy toy Koinoboylioy. Apo to 2010 h apagoreysh toy kapnismatos efarmozetai se paidikes xares kai ypogeies diabaseis. To 2009, yphrje protash gia thn apagoreysh toy kapnismatos se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys symperilambanomenwn twn estiatoriwn, mpar k.lp., alla h efarmogh ths exei anastalei, logw ths pieshs apo tis diafores koinwnikes omades.

Polwnia: To kapnisma apagoreyetai se sxoleia, nosokomeia h alles iatrikes egkatastaseis kai ta mesa mazikhs metaforas (symperilambanomenwn twn oxhmatwn, opws to treno h to lewforeio kai staseis lewforeiwn, staqmoys trenwn k.lp.)

Apo tis 15 Noembrioy 2010, qa apagoreyetai to kapnisma se oloys toys dhmosioys eswterikoys xwroys, opws mpar, kafeteries, ntisko kai estiatoria, ektos ki an yparxoyn kleistoi xwroi kapnismatos.

Portogalia: Apagoreyetai to kapnisma se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys, enw dinetai h dynatothta dhmioyrgias kleistwn xwrwn gia kapnistes kapnistwn, efoson aytoi einai ejoplismenoi me ta katallhla systhmata ejaerismoy.

Parallhla, o nomoqeths problepei aysthra prostima gia toys parabates (1.000 eyrw gia toys kapnistes kai ews 2.500 eyrw gia tis epixeirhseis).

Roymania: To kapnisma apagoreyetai se oloys toys eswterikoys dhmosioys xwroys. Mpar, estiatoria, klamp ypoxreoyntai na diaqetoyn jexwristoys xwroys gia kapnistes kai mh.

Slobakia: Apo to 1990 oi ergodotes ofeiloyn na apagoreyoyn to kapnisma se xwroys stoys opoioys ergazontai mh kapnistes. To kapnisma apagoreyetai se sxoleia, dhmosies yphresies ygeias kai koinwnikhs pronoias. Xwroi gia mh kapnistes einai ypoxrewtikoi mono, opoy serbiretai faghto.

Slobenia: Apo to 2007 apagoreyetai to kapnisma. Apo to nomo ejairoyntai oi anoixtoi koinoxrhstoi xwroi, dwmatia jenodoxeiwn, poy exoyn xarakthristei ws kapnistwn, eidikoi xwroi se kentra frontidas hlikiwmenwn kai fylakes, kaqws kai se eidikes aiqoyses se mpar, alla kai alla merh ergasias. Oi xwroi kapnismatos qa prepei na plhroyn aysthres texnikes prodiagrafes kai na mhn jepernoyn to 20% ths synolikhs egkatastashs.

Soyhdia: To kapnisma exei apagoreytei se estiatoria, kafeteries, mpar kai nyxterina kentra diaskedashs ton Ioynio toy 2005. Epitrepetai, wstoso, h dhmioyrgia jexwristwn xwrwn kapnizontwn, me thn proypoqesh oti den serbiretai faghto h poto kai den katalambanei perissotero apo 25% ths synolikhs epifaneias toy katasthmatos. Apo ton Ianoyario toy 2008 apagoreyetai to kapnisma kai stoys eswterikoys xwroys twn fylakwn.

Dhmokratia ths Tsexias: Epi toy parontos, yparxei enas nomos se isxy poy apagoreyei to kapnisma se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys, opws idrymata, nosokomeia, staseis lewforeiwn kai allwn meswn metaforas, alla o nomos den isxyei se estiatoria, mpar kai klamp. Ton Ioynio toy 2009 to koinoboylio egkrinei nomosxedio poy ryqmizei to kapnisma se dhmosioys xwroys. Wstoso, h monh allagh poy ginetai einai oti ypoxrewnei ta mpar kai ta estiatoria, opoy epitrepetai to kapnisma, na exoyn anarthmenh sxetikh pinakida.

Finlandia: Yparxei genikh apagoreysh apo thn 1h Ioynioy 2007. To kapnisma sta mpar kai ta trena ejakoloyqei na epitrepetai se kleistoys qalamoys, opoy, omws, apagoreyetai to serbirisma faghtoy kai potoy.

Meletes gia meiwsh kapnismatos

H ajiologhsh 35 meletwn sxetika me thn apotelesmatikothta twn politikwn gia thn apagoreysh toy kapnismatos katelhje sto symperasma oti, mesw genikwn nomoqetikwn diatajewn gia kaqaro aera stoys dhmosioys xwroys, o ariqmos twn kapnistwn sto synolo toy plhqysmoy mporei na meiwqei peripoy kata 10%. Epishs, apo thn ajiologhsh 26 meletwn se xwroys ergasias proekyce oti ekei, opoy apagoreyetai plhrws to kapnisma o ariqmos twn kapnistwn meiwqhke kata 3,8% kai o ariqmos twn tsigarwn, poy katanalwnan kaqhmerina ta atoma, poy ejakoloyqoysan na einai kapnistes, meiwqhke kata 3,1%.

H sxesh metajy ths genikhs apagoreyshs toy kapnismatos kai ths meiwshs toy energhtikoy kapnismatos exei epibebaiwqei apo stoixeia twn xwrwn, poy efarmozoyn to metro ayto, kai stis opoies h meiwsh twn pwlhsewn kapnoy (p.x. kata 8% sthn Italia kai 14% sth Norbhgia) synodeythke apo shmantikh ayjhsh twn prospaqeiwn gia thn apejarthsh apo to kapnisma, se mikro xroniko diasthma meta th qespish twn newn ryqmisewn. Sthn Irlandia 80% twn prwhn kapnistwn aneferan oti h nea nomoqesia apotelese to kinhtro gia na stamathsoyn to kapnisma, enw 88% dhlwsan oti o nomos toys bohqhse na mhn janarxisoyn. Paroti yphrxan anhsyxies oti qa symbei to antiqeto, h apagoreysh toy kapnismatos se oloys toys dhmosioys xwroys fainetai oti eixe ws apotelesma na meiwqei to kapnisma sta spitia, eidika paroysia mikrwn paidiwn. Sthn Irlandia to pososto twn noikokyriwn mh kapnistwn ayjhqhke kata 8% apo tote, poy arxise na isxyei h apagoreysh.

Sthn antipera oxqh, episthmonikes meletes katedeijan oti h apagoreysh kapnismatos bohqhse toys Kalifornezoys kapnistes na egkataleicoyn th blaberh toys synhqeia. An kai to 1988, 23% twn katoikwn ths Kalifornias kapnizan, to 2006 to pososto ayto meiwqhke sto 13,1%.

Paromoia htan ta apotelesmata kai sthn Eyrwph. Sth Skotia oi pwlhseis tsigarwn meiwqhkan kata 8% to prwto etos ths apagoreyshs. H Irlandia eide mia ptwsh kata 5% toy ariqmoy twn kapnistwn apo thn kaqierwsh ths apagoreyshs to 2004, an kai 25 stoys 100 ejakoloyqoyn na kapnizoyn.

Eidikotera, ta stoixeia gia tis synepeies payshs toy kapnismatos, poy erxontai apo diafores gwnies ths ghraias hpeiroy, einai: Sth Gallia, toys prwtoys pente mhnes meta thn apagoreysh, katagrafhke meiwsh ths tajhs toy 15% sta emfragmata kai ta egkefalika epeisodia se prwhn kapnistes hlikiwn katw twn 65 xronwn, se sygkrish me thn antistoixh periodo toy prohgoymenoy etoys.

Sthn Agglia toys prwtoys mhnes meta thn apagoreysh toy kapnismatos (Ioylios 2007 - Aprilios 2008) diekocan to kapnisma 400.000 anqrwpoi kai katanalwqhkan 1,9 dis. ligotera tsigara (se sygkrish me thn antistoixh periodo ena xrono nwritera). Oi episthmones ypologizoyn pws 40.000 zwes prokeitai na swqoyn, sth xwra, mesa sthn epomenh dekaetia, logw ths apagoreyshs. Shmeiwnetai oti mono ton Ioylio toy 2007, prwto mhna ths apagoreyshs, oi pwlhseis tsigarwn sthn Agglia meiwqhkan kata 11%, se sxesh me ton Ioylio toy 2006.

Sth Skotia oi kardiakes prosboles shmeiwsan meiwsh ths tajhs toy 17% toys prwtoys deka mhnes ths apagoreyshs, h opoia efarmosthke ton Martio toy 2006. Thn periodo Ioylioy 2007 - Aprilioy 2008 poylhqhkan 220.000 ligotera tsigara, se sygkrish me to antistoixo diasthma ths prohgoymenhs xronias.

Sthn Irlandia o ariqmos twn kardiakwn prosbolwn meiwqhke kata 11% meta thn apagoreysh toy kapnismatos, poy epeblhqh to Martio toy 2004.

Telos, sthn Italia enan xrono meta thn efarmogh ths apagoreyshs, ton Ianoyario toy 2005, oi kapnistes eixan meiwqei kata 500.000. Parallhla, ta ojea stefaniaia epeisodia meiwqhkan kata 11,2% stis hlikies 35-64 kai kata 7,9% stis hlikies 65-74. Thn periodo metajy Ianoyarioy kai Noembrioy 2005 oi pwlhseis tsigarwn shmeiwsan ptwsh ths tajhs toy 5,7% se sxesh me to idio diasthma toy prohgoymenoy etoys.

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[05] Meiwqhkan ta daneia

Oson afora stis epixeirhseis, oi synolikes toys ofeiles (stis opoies symperilambanontai ta etairika omologa poy exoyn ekdoqei) efqasan sto Oktamhno ta 128,96 dis. eyrw katagrafontas ethsio ryqmo anodoy ths tajews toy 2,3% apo 3,4% poy htan sto telos Ioylioy. Ton Aygoysto h kaqarh roh pros tis epixeirhseis htan arnhtikh, - 695 ekat.eyrw.

Pio analytika ton Aygoysto, epitaxynqhke h pistwtikh epektash pros ton klado ths gewrgias (Aygoystos 2010: 2,3%, Ioylios 2010: 0,1%, toy toyrismoy (Aygoystos 2010: 4,6%, Ioylios 2010: 3,9%, kai twn kataskeywn (Aygoystos 2010: 1,8%, Ioylios 2010: 1,2%, O ethsios ryqmos xrhmatodothshs pros to emporio ayjhqhke se sygkrish me ton prohgoymeno mhna paramenontas omws se arnhtiko epipedo (Aygoystos 2010: -0,7%, Ioylios 2010: -1,3%,

Antiqetws, epibradynsh parathrhqhke sto ryqmo pistwtikhs epektashs pros toys kladoys ths biomhxanias (Aygoystos 2010: -2,9%, Ioylios 2010: -1,3%, ths naytilias (Aygoystos 2010: 4,5%, Ioylios 2010: 6,9%, twn loipwn xrhmatopistwtikwn idrymatwn (Aygoystos 2010: 2,9%, Ioylios 2010: 8,5%, toy hlektrismoy-fwtaerioy-ydreyshs (Aygoystos 2010: 24,0%, Ioylios 2010: 27,8%, twn epikoinwniwn kai metaforwn plhn naytilias (Aygoystos 2010: 0,2%, Ioylios 2010: 14,7%.

Pros toys eleyqeroys epaggelmaties h kaqarh roh htan arnhtikh kata 169 ekat. eyrw ton Aygoysto kai o dwdekamhnos ryqmos anodoy twn daneiwn aytwn epibradynqhke se sygkrish me ton prohgoymeno mhna (Aygoystos 2010: 0,6%, Ioylios 2010: 2,8%).

Analogh eikona emfanizei kai o tomeas twn noikokyriwn (stegastika kai katanalwtika daneia). Oi synolikes toys ofeiles pros tis Trapezes sto telos Aygoystoy efqasan ta 119,36 dis.eyrw emfanizontas ayjhsh molis kata 0,6% se sxesh me perysi. Sto eptamhno ta daneia pros ta noikokyria etrexan me ryqmo 1%, enw ton Aygoysto h kaqarh roh xrhmatodothshs htan arnhtikh (-258 ekat.eyrw).

H kaqarh roh twn stegastikwn daneiwn htan arnhtikh kata 192 ekat. eyrw ton Aygoysto toy 2010 (Aygoystos 2009: qetikh kaqarh roh 42 ekat. eyrw) kai o ethsios ryqmos anodoy toys epibradynqhke (Aygoystos 2010: 1,6%, Ioylios 2010: 1,9%.

Sta katanalwtika daneia h kaqarh roh htan arnhtikh kata 26 ekat. eyrw (Aygoystos 2009: qetikh kaqarh roh 91 ekat. eyrw) kai o ethsios ryqmos metabolhs meiwqhke se sygkrish me ton prohgoymeno mhna (Aygoystos 2010: -1,5%, Ioylios 2010: -1,1%.

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[06] Synexeia stis staseis

Sygkekrimena, gia shmera exoyn programmatistei treis 3wres staseis ergasias 6 me 9 to prwi, 2 to meshmeri me 5 to apogeyma kai 9 me 12 to brady. Ayrio, (Tetarth) h stash ergasias einai 5wrh apo tis 12 to meshmeri.

Kata th diarkeia twn stasewn ergasias den qa kinhqoyn oi amajostoixies ths TRAINOSE kai o Proastiakos.

Kanonika qa pragmatopoihqoyn, shmera, ta dromologia toy Metro, se olo to mhkos toy diktyoy toy, symperilambanomenhs kai ths diadromhs apo th Doykisshs Plakentias ews to aerodromio Eleyqerios Benizelos, symfwna me anakoinwsh ths AMEL, ths Etairias Leitoyrgias toy Metro.

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