[01] To DNA...aitia ponokefaloy

Episthmones apo 40 ereynhtika kentra se diafores xwres, me epikefalhs ton Aarno Paloti toy bretanikoy Institoytoy Wellcome Trust Sanger, paroysiasan th sxetikh meleth sto periodiko "Nature Genetics", symfwna me ta praktoreia Roiter kai Galliko.

Oi ereynhtes melethsan kai sygkrinan ta gonidia perissoterwn twn 50.000 anqrwpwn apo treis xwres (Germania, Ollandia, Finlandia), toso atomwn poy ypoferoyn apo ponokefaloys oso kai anqrwpwn poy den exoyn tetoio problhma. Me ton tropo ayto, entopisan mia mikroskopikh genetikh parallagh toy DNA, h opoia, se osoys anqrwpoys th diaqetoyn sto gonidiwma toys, ayjanei peripoy kata 20% ton kindyno na emfanisoyn hmikranies kai xronioys ponokefaloys.

Prohgoymenes meletes eixan brei kapoies genetikes aities gia merikes odynhres alla poly spanies morfes hmikranias, omws h nea genetikh ereyna einai h prwth poy estiasthke stis koines morfes ponokefaloy.

H mikrhs ektashs genetikh parallagh (to legomeno allhlomorfo), poy apokaleitai rs1835740, brisketai sto xrwmoswma 8, anamesa se dyo gonidia, ta PGCP kai MTDH/AEG-1, kai epitrepei se mia "aggeliaforo" xhmikh oysia (neyrodiabibasth), to gloytaminiko, na sysswreyetai stis synaceis anamesa sta egkefalika kyttara, pragma poy, opws pisteyoyn oi ereynhtes, pyrodotei ton ponokefalo. An ontws ayto symbainei, tote anamenetai na dhmioyrghqoyn farmaka poy qa katapolemoyn thn sysswreysh toy gloytaminikoy ston egkefalo. Oi ereynhtes dhlwsan oti xreiazontai, pantws ki alles ereynes gia na epibebaiwsoyn ta nea eyrhmata toys kai piqanws na entopisoyn prosqetes genetikes aities gia tis hmikranies.

Symfwna me toys episthmones, oi hmikranies kai oi ponokefaloi plhttoyn peripoy to 17% twn gynaikwn kai to 8% twn andrwn sthn Eyrwph, merikes fores kaq' olh th diarkeia ths zwhs toy atomoy, ephreazontas arnhtika thn poiothta ths zwhs twn koinwnikwn sxesewn kai ths ergasias toy. Mia amerikanikh ereyna ektima oti to oikonomiko kostos toy xronioy ponokefaloy einai analoga ychlo me ayto toy diabhth, kaqws oi anqrwpoi poy ypoferoyn apo ponokefalo, adynatoyn na ergastoyn h einai ligotero paragwgikoi.

O xronios ponokefalos qewreitai oti prokaleitai otan flegmonwdeis xhmikes oysies apeleyqerwnontai gyrw apo ta neyra kai ta aimofora aggeia ston egkefalo. Merikes fores, o ponos sto kefali einai aforhtos ki alles fores synodeyetai apo aisqhma naytias kai ypereyaisqhsia sto fws kai toys hxoys. Molonoti h syxnothta kai h diarkeia twn ponokefalwn poikilei se megalo baqmo metajy twn anqrwpwn, to problhma paroysiazetai perissotero se atoma hlikias 35 - 45 etwn.

Oi pagkosmies pwlhseis farmakwn kata toy ponokefaloy kai ths hmikranias eftasan ta 2,6 dis. dolaria to 2009, symfwna me thn ``Ntoitse Mpank'' (Deutsche Bank). To Imitrex ths GlaxosmithKline, to Maxalt ths Merck, to Zomig ths AstraZeneca kai to Relpax ths Pfizer einai anamesa sta kyriotera farmaka sthn agora gia th sygkekrimenh paqhsh, oi akribeis aities ths opoias paramenoyn akoma agnwstes.

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