[01] ``Kratos kai politikh sthn yphresia toy polith''

Kanontas logo gia "paneqnikh prospaqeia" o prwqypoyrgos qetei ton stoxo mias Elladas me syllogikh aytopepoiqhsh kai anaferei pws h prospaqeia anatajhs kai anamorfwshs ths Elladas proypoqetei thn anatroph pagiwmenwn, edw kai dekaeties, antilhcewn kai nootropiwn, enw anaferomenos sto synqhma "H Ellada stoys Ellhnes" epishmainei pws ayto shmera shmainei mia epanastash dhmokratias stoys qesmoys kai thn oikonomia.

O k. Papandreoy ektima oti oi analyseis orismenwn dieqnwn MME, alla kai texnokratwn, poy "antimetwpizoyn thn titania prospaqeia poy kanoyme gia na bgaloyme mia gia panta thn Ellada apo thn krish, apla ws zhthma antapokrish ths xwras stis daneiakes ths ypoxrewseis, ypotimoyn thn basikh ayth parametro".

Tonizei pws "prepei na eimaste ajiopistoi pros thn dieqnh koinothta kai toys daneistes mas" kai oti to eqniko symferon epitassei na kanoyme o,ti apaiteitai gia na swqei h Ellada apo thn krish, enw ektima oti oi qysies twn Ellhnwn pianoyn topo".

Peran toytwn, taytoxrona, o shmeiwnei pws to shmantikotero einai na ginoyn oi megales anatropes poy exei anagkh o topos, "anejarthta apo to an oi anatropes aytes endiaferoyn h oxi toys synomilhtes kai toys daneistes mas kai anejarthta akomh kai apo to an einai katanohtes gia kapoioys".

"Piqanon kapoioi na endiaferontai monon na ta bgalei pera h Ellada gia toys dikoys toys logoys. Emeis, omws, prepei na agwnistoyme kai gia to shmera kai gia to ayrio ths xwras", anaferei o k. Papandreoy kai prosqetei oti apotelei eqniko xreos h apokatastash ths kyriarxias mas sthn poreia ths oikonomias kai toy topoy, "kyriarxia poy trwqhke apo tis egklhmatikes gia ton topo politikes ths prohgoymenhs kybernhshs. Einai eqniko mas xreos na stamathsoyme thn ejarthsh ths xwras apo jenes epithrhseis".

"Pisteyw baqeia oti h apokatastash ths eqnikhs mas kyriarxias pernaei mesa apo megales dhmokratikes allages gia th dhmioyrgia mias politeias poy eggyatai dikaiwmata, anakatanemei dikaia ton paragomeno ployto, ton ajiopoiei swsta kai orqologika wste na parexei ergaleia kai na diasfalizei dynatothtes se kaqe polith", tonizei o k. Papandreoy.

O prwqypoyrgos sto arqro toy epishmainei, wstoso, oti xwris qesmikes allages kanena qetiko apotelesma den qa exei monimo xarakthra.

Anagnwrizontas oti qa apaithqei xronos, o prwqypoyrgos epishmainei oti o politikos kosmos ths xwras kai h eklegmenh kybernhsh ofeiloyn na kanoyn to prwto bhma, enw anaferomenos sto mexri twra ergo ths kybernhshs shmeiwnei pws hdh kaname ta prwta megala qesmika bhmata, enw "pote allote mia kybernhsh den phre toso shmantikes apofaseis, se toso syntomo xroniko diasthma, gia na empedwsei synqhkes ajiokratias, diafaneias kai logodosias sto dhmosio bio, wste na arxisoyn na mpainoyn epiteloys kanones sth leitoyrgia toy kratoys, poy prostateyoyn ta dikaiwmata kaqe Ellhna polith kai den apodidoyn pronomia se ligoys".

O prwqypoyrgos sto arqro toy anaferetai stis allages sto forologiko systhma, sthn patajh ths forodiafyghs kai toy pelateiakoy kratoys, sthn systash ejetastikwn epitropwn poy "gia prwth fora exoyn apotelesma", sthn kaqolikh ypagwgh sto ASEP olwn twn kratikwn proslhcewn, sthn anarthsh twn apofasewn ths dioikhshs sto diadiktyo, sthn qesmikh allagh toy "Kallikrath" opoy "enswmatwnontai oles oi ajies ths diakybernhshs mas: h logodosia, h diafaneia, h apotelesmatikothta, o sebasmos sto dhmosio xrhma" kai sthn chfish toy nomoy gia ton "drastiko periorismo kai ton oysiastiko elegxo twn eklogikwn dapanwn stis aytodioikhtikes ekloges me plhrh onomastikopoihsh twn syndromwn".

"Oi monoi poy exoyn problhma me thn plhrh diafaneia stis eklogikes dapanes einai osoi exoyn symferon apo th diathrhsh ths anwnymias toys, osoi boleyontai sthn adiafaneia, einai ekeinoi poy xrhmatodotoyn proeklogikes ekstrateies prosblepontas se synallages" anaferei eidika, gia thn teleytaia ryqmish, o prwqypoyrgos.

"Meta ton elegxo twn eklogikwn dapanwn stis aytodioikhtikes ekloges proxwrame syntoma sthn korwnida twn qesmikwn mas epanastatikwn allagwn sto kratos kai sto politiko mas systhma: thn prwtoboylia gia ton neo eklogiko nomo kai thn xrhmatodothsh twn politikwn kommatwn" anaferei sto arqro toy o Giwrgos A. Papandreoy, prosqetontas oti "h prwtoboylia mas ayth qa apotelesei to pio kairio plhgma sto "mayro" politiko xrhma kai to plegma ejarthsewn poy ayto dhmioyrgei", enw stoxos ths prwtoboylias einai h anabaqmish kai h enisxysh toy boyleyth.

O k. Papandreoy tonizei pws pisw apo ton oro "qesmikes allages" yparxei mia pragmatikh politikh maxh poy diejagetai se eqniko kai dieqnes epipedo, sto epikentro ths opoias briskontai mia seira kairias shmasias zhthmata opws "poion yphretoyn oi politikes kai oi allages", "poios apofasizei, oi laoi amesa h mesw qesmwn gnhsias ekproswphshs h ta kaqe loghs symferonta poy nemontai thn ejoysia pros ofelos toys",

Qewrwntas oti mia seira megalwn zhthmatwn poy talanizoyn thn anqrwpothta mporoyn na broyn lysh kaqws "qewrhtika exoyme tis dynatothtes, ta ergaleia, thn gnwsh kai ton ployto", o prwqypoyrgos ektima pws to montelo ths pagkosmiopoihshs twn teleytaiwn dekaetiwn oxi mono odhghse sthn anejelegkth leitoyrgia ths agoras, alla sthn terastia sygkentrwsh ploytoy kai ejoysias se xeria ligwn me apotelesma thn dieyrynsh ths anisothtas se eqniko kai dieqnes epipedo, thn aixmalwsia ths politeias kai twn eqnikwn dhmokratikwn qesmwn kai thn periqwriopoihsh toy polith.

O Ellhnas prwqypoyrgos yposthrizei pws ayth h ejelijh qetei epi taphtos to zhthma ths poiothtas ths dhmokratias kai tonizei pws prepei na janazwntanecoyn oi yparxontes dhmokratikoi qesmoi kai parallhla na dhmioyrghqoyn neoi poy qa epitrepoyn thn symmetoxh twn politwn.

Qetontas ws stoxo thn leitoyrgia toy kratoys kai ths agoras sthn yphresia toy polith kai tonizontas pws "den yparxei dillhma gia mas metajy agoras kai kratoys", o prwqypoyrgos qewrei sto arqro toy pws o "legomenos tritos dromos poy prospaqhse na sygkerasei enan palaiotero kratismo me thn anoixth agora, agnohse, telika, to basikotero: Ton idio ton polith kai toys qesmoys poy toy dinoyn dynamh, oxi mono gia thn prostasia toy alla kai gia thn dhmioyrgikh toy symmetoxh".

O Giwrgos A. Papandreoy syndeei tis aparaithtes rizospastikes dhmokratikes allages sta krath kai sthn oikonomia me dikaih anadianomh toy ploytoy ws "ek twn wn oyk aney proypoqesh se mia eynomoymenh politeia gia thn ejaleich ths baqias anisothtas poy mastizei shmera tis koinwnies mas".

Anaferomenos stis allages poy prepei na pragmatopoihqoyn se dieqnes epipedo o k. Papandreoy proteinei thn dhmioyrgia:

- qesmwn me oso to dynaton pio ychlh dhmokratikh nomimopoihsh,

- qesmwn poy qa aposkopoyn sthn allhleggyh olwn twn xwrwn kai koinwniwn kai oi opoioi qa katapolemoyn thn oikonomikh kai politikh anisothta,

- qesmwn sthrijhs toy polith me taytoxronh eggyhsh oti oi agores kai to kratos qa yphretoyn to geniko, to dhmosio symferon.

- qesmwn poy qa syntelesoyn sthn prospaqeia olwn twn proodeytikwn dynamewn pagkosmiws na ejanqrwpisqei h poreia ths pagkosmiopoihshs.

Se o,ti afora to eqniko epipedo, o prwqypoyrgos anaferei pws h kybernhsh, emforoymenh apo thn antilhch gia to neo rolo toy kratoys kai thn epanafora toy polith sto epikentro ths politikhs, proxwra se poly sygkekrimenes energeies poy qa oikodomhsoyn ena kratos dikaioy yper toy polith, qa jerizwsoyn to pelateiako kratos kai qa eggyhqoyn pws h ejodos ths xwras apo thn krish qa einai monimh.

Synektimwntas thn ellhnikh kai dieqnh empeiria, o prwqypoyrgos anaferei sto arqro toy pws "xwris kanones o kapitalismos ginetai lhstrikos" kai "(telika) epiballontai pantoy pelateiakoi oroi stygnhs synallaghs kai epikratei to dikio toy isxyroy" kai prosqetei pws otan "ena kratos einai anisxyro kai diabrwmeno, oyte h agora doyleyei swsta. Antiqetws, agora kai kratos doyleyoyn, telika, gia to ofelos orismenwn eidikwn mikrwn kai megalwn syntexniwn kai symferontwn" ta opoia, opws ypogrammizei, exoyn pronomiakh prosbash sthn ejoysia.

"Etsi odhghqhke kai h Ellada na zei me "daneies" dynameis anti na kalliergei tis dikes ths, ta dika ths pleonekthmata kai dynatothtes. Nai, to pelateiako mas systhma htan kai einai ej orismoy systhma poy dhmioyrgei ejarthseis kai doyleies kai gia thn idia thn patrida mas alla kai sto eswteriko ths ellhnikhs koinwnias" anaferei xarakthristika o prwqypoyrgos.

O k. Papandreoy sto arqro toy epishmainei pws aytes oi diapistwseis, poy apoteloyn thn basikh aitia ths parakmhs poy biwne h xwra, kai h protash gia thn apokatastash ths ajiopistias toy politikoy systhmatos "to opoio den einai anefikto, alla to aytonohto poy dikaioytai o ellhnikos laos", apotelesan ton basiko pyrhna ths programmatikhs protashs toy PASOK me bash thn opoia to empisteyqhke o laos.

O prwqypoyrgos tonizei sto arqro toy pws se olh toy thn politikh poreia "paleyei gia thn megalh allagh: na apokthsoyme epiteloys kai sthn Ellada ena kratos kai ena politiko systhma sthn yphresia toy polith" ypogrammizei pws to periexomeno ths laikhs entolhs ths 4hs Oktwbrioy 2009 htan h rizikh allagh ths Elladas kai toy kratoys, wste h xwra na mhn janakindyneysei pote pia me xrewkopia kai parallhla na ajiopoihsei kai na anaptyjei ta sygkritika ths pleonekthmata kai katalhgei epishmainontas pws h kybernhsh "kanei to aytonohto pragmatikothta kai einai mono sthn arxh" exontas kanei "se molis 10 mhnes perissotera pros ayth thn kateyqynsh apo opoiadhpote allh kybernhsh sto parelqon".

Domikes allages sthn kybernhsh

Ena neo kyklo politikwn allagwn etoimazetai na anoijei h kybernhsh, oi opoies, symfwna me osa dhlwse o kybernhtikos ekproswpos Giwrgos Petalwths, qa apotelesoyn to koinwniko sthrigma ths gia "thn epomenh hmera", enw synedese aytes tis allages kai me "domikes allages" poy qa pragmatopoihqoyn toso sto ypoyrgiko symboylio, oso kai sto prwqypoyrgiko grafeio, xwris, wstoso, na eiselqei se leptomereies toso gia thn fysh twn allagwn aytwn, oso kai gia ton xrono ylopoihshs toys.

Shmeiwnetai oti oi allages apoteloyn antikeimeno epejergasias apo Epitroph gia ton Eksygxronismo ths Leitoyrgias ths kybernhshs, ton syntonismo ths opoias exei analabei o ypoyrgos Epikrateias, Xarhs Pampoykhs.

H epitroph apoteleitai apo toys:

- Kevin Featherstone, Kaqhghths Sygxronwn Ellhnikwn Spoydwn sthn Edra "Eleyqerios Benizelos" kai Dieyqynths toy Ellhnikoy Parathrhthrioy toy LSE,

- Richard Parker, Lektoras Dhmosias Politikhs, Sxolh Diakybernhshs, Panepisthmio Xarbarnt,

- Roger Wilkins, Genikos Grammateas ths Genikhs Eisaggelias ths Kybernhshs ths Aystralias, Eidikos Symboylos toy Aystraloy Prwqypoyrgoy, Kevin Rudd,

- Leif Pagrotsky, Boyleyths, prwhn Ypoyrgos Biomhxanias & Emporioy ths Soyhdias,

- Jeoff Mulgan, t. Epikefalhs Strathgikoy Sxediasmoy, Grafeioy Prwqypoyrgoy toy Hnwmenoy Basileioy.

H en logw Epitroph systhqhke me apofash toy prwqypoyrgoy Giwrgoy A. Papandreoy to Febroyario kai oi protaseis poy epejergazetai, symfwna me osa eixan anakoinwqei apo to Grafeio Typoy toy prwqypoyrgoy aforoyn toys ejhs oktw ajones:

1. Domikh anamorfwsh twn yphresiwn toy Grafeioy toy Prwqypoyrgoy kai ths Kybernhshs,

2. Allagh toy nomoqetikoy plaisioy gia th leitoyrgia ths Kybernhshs,

3. Allagh ths diadikasias lhchs apofasewn, kai parallhla thn empedwsh ths diadikasias dhmosias diaboyleyshs,

4. Apotelesmatikoterh leitoyrgia twn kybernhtikwn organwn,

5. Eisagwgh enos metabatikoy monteloy sth diadoxh twn Kybernhsewn,

6. Katartish kwdika deontologias Ypoyrgikoy Symboylioy,

7. Allagh kanonismoy toy Ypoyrgikoy Symboylioy,

8. Ajiologhsh kai qesmoqethsh twn diadikasiwn epiloghs stelexwn se qeseis politikhs eyqynhs.

Ejalloy, anaforika me ton fhmologoymeno anasxhmatismo, o G. Petalwths ypogrammise oti oi politikes kai oxi ta proswpa endiaferoyn thn kybernhsh, epanalambanontas oti an kybernhtika stelexh metaphdhsoyn sthn eklogikh maxh gia thn aytodioikhsh, qa antikatastaqoyn.

Se kaqe periptwsh, aposyndese tis parapanw domikes allages apo to qema ths anaplhrwshs stelexwn toy ypoyrgikoy symboylioy, ejaitias endexomenhs symmetoxhs toys stis aytodioikhtikes ekloges.

Parallhla, tonise oti to PASOK den zhta ``dekanikia'' apo kanenan, shmeiwnontas, wstoso, oti einai anoixto se synergasies efoson yparxoyn koina programmata kai koinh antilhch se aytodioikhtika qemata.

Akomh, o k. Petalwths parepemce sthn armodia epitroph toy kommatos gia thn anadeijh ypochfiothtwn, erwthqeis sxetika me thn protash toy proedroy ths Dhmokratikhs Aristeras F. Koybelh gia koinh sthrijh, apo to PASOK kai toys Oikologoys Prasinoys,toy nyn Synhgoroy toy Polith k. G. Kaminh gia thn Aqhna.

[02] Antiparaqesh gia thn Oikonomia

Shmeiwse oti h apoklish sta dhmosia esoda qa einai mikrh kai anefere pws oso to programma ylopoieitai me synepeia, toso qa omolopoieitai kai h xrhmatopistwtikh agora.

O ypoyrgos diatypwse thn ektimhsh pws to 2011 qa dhmioyrghqoyn oi katallhles synqhkes wste na mporei h Ellada na bgei stis dieqneis agores.

Se sxesh me th syzhthsh gia ejaggelia ``koinwnikoy paketoy'' metrwn, sth DEQ, o k. Papakwnstantinoy, anefere oti ``h dedomenh dhmosionomikh katastash einai apolytws safhs se oloys mas'' kai oti ``to basiko zhtoymeno sthn koinwnikh politikh einai h kalyterh stoxeysh sto pio eyalwta strwmata kai h megalyterh apotelesmatikothta, wste ta xrhmata na pianoyn topo''.

Gia to endexomeno prosqetwn metrwn, to 2010, anefere oti den yparxei anagkh, enw gia to 2011 shmeiwse oti ta metra poy qa apotypwqoyn ston proypologismoy qa einai ycoys 3,2% toy AEP.

Gia to endexomeno perikopwn se misqoys kai epidomata ston idiwtiko tomea, o ypoyrgos epishmane oti ``oi allages sthn agora ergasias alla kai h isorrophmenh apofash twn koinwnikwn etairwn gia tis ayjhseis thn epomenh trietia diasfalizoyn ena periballon wste na mhn teqei'' to qema ayto jana apo thn troika.

Telos, o k. Papakwnstantinoy tonise pws oi ayjhseis sto cwmi den dikaiologoyntai me kanena tropo.

Petalwths: "Den bohqaei h katastrofologia"

O Giwrgos Petalwths epanelabe oti den yfistatai qema newn metrwn gia to 2010, alla dromologhmena metra kai apofaseis kai taytoxrona, dieceyse kathgorhmatika ta peri ``neoy mnhmonioy'', afenos ejhgwntas oti yparxei epikairopoihsh toy yparxontos kai afeteroy kanontas logo gia ``katastrofologia'', poy den bohqaei to megalo eqniko agwna laoy kai kybernhshs kai den exei sxesh me thn pragmatikothta.

Erwthqeis an ayto afora kai ton k. Alejh Mhtropoylo, o k. Petalwths anefere, metajy allwn, oti h kritikh poy askeitai sto Mnhmonio me to opoio apefeyxqh h xreokopia ths xwras, ``einai qema eilikrineias toy kaqenos mas''.

Epishmane telos, oti den qa yparjei metakylhsh orismenwn proiontwn ston ychlo syntelesth FPA to 2010, prosqetontas oti ayto exei dromologhqei gia ton epomeno xrono.

ND: "Dhmioyrgikh logistikh"

Epiqesh sthn kybernhsh gia thn oikonomikh ths politikh ejapelyse shmera to oikonomiko epiteleio ths ND.

Se koinh synenteyjh Typoy poy edwsan oi k.k. Xrhstos Staikoyras, Noths Mhtarakhs, anaplhrwtes toy tomea oikonomias kai h ka Elenh Rwmaidoy, ypeyqynh ths Epitrophs Parakoloyqhshs toy Mnhmonioy, kathgorhsan thn kybernhsh oti katafeygei se dhmioyrgikh logistikh kai se synexeis metaboles twn ektimhsewn ths, prokeimenoy na paroysiasei mikroteres apokliseis kata thn ektelesh toy proypologismoy.

Yposthrijan oti apo thn ektelesh twn oikonomikwn megeqwn epibebaiwnetai oti to sxedio ths kybernhshs den einai to katallhlo kai oti efarmozei ena akatallhlo migma oikonomikhs politikhs, poy qa exei san synepeia th lhch perissoterwn metrwn.

"Einai anapotelesmatikh h qerapeytikh agwgh toy mnhmonioy", aneferan xarakthristika kai akoloyqws pareqesan ta dika toys stoixeia gia thn ejelijh twn oikonomikwn megeqwn.

Ston tomea ths anaptyjhs, eipan oi ypeyqynoi twn oikonomikwn ths ND, h arxikh problech htan gia yfesh 0,3%. Sth synexeia diamorfwqhke sto 4%, h pragmatikothta, omws, opws yposthrijan, einai oti to deytero trimhno toy 2010, h yfesh einai 3,5% ayjhmenh se sxesh me to antistoixo trimhno toy 2009 kai 1,5% se sxesh me to prwto trimhno toy etoys.

Ston tomea toy plhqwrismoy, synexisan, h problech gia to 2010 htan 1,9%, sthn pragmatikothta, omws, ton Ioylio o plhqwrismos trexei me 5,5%, enw to Septembrio toy 2009 htan 0,7%.

Ayth h apoklish odhghse thn troika se anaqewrhsh twn ektimhsewn ths gia enarmonismeno plhqwrismo to 2010 sto 4,75%, eipan.

Ston tomea twn esodwn toy proypologismoy, yposthrijan oi armodioi ths ND,o stoxos htan ayjhsh 13,7%, h pragmatikothta, omws, einai oti to prwto eptamhno yparxei oriakh ayjhsh 4,1%. Prosqesan oti gia prwth fora fetos ton Ioylio parathreitai meiwsh twn esodwn kata 9% se sxesh me ton persyno Ioylio.

Aneferan de oti exoyn pesei ejw oi probleceis gia ta esoda apo thn forologia sta kaysima, sta pota, ta tsigara, ta esoda apo thn ayjhsh twn syntelestwn toy FPA, kaqws kai ta esoda apo thn ayjhsh ths forologias sta eidh polyteleias.

Ston tomea twn dhmosiwn ependysewn,stoxos htan gia to 2010 h meiwsh kata 4%. H pragmatikothta, aneferan oi armodioi ths ND, einai oti to prwto eptamhno yparxei meiwsh kata 36% kai symperainoyn oti h kybernhsh egkataleipei to stoxo twn dapanwn gia tis dhmosies ependyseis, perikoptontas aytes to prwto eptamhno kata 2,5 dis. eyrw se sxesh me thn antistoixh perysinh periodo, prokeimenoy na petyxei logistikh meiwsh toy elleimmatos.

Prosqesan, oti to ESPA einai kollhmeno sthn grafeiokratia, oti o anaptyjiakos nomos den yparxei kai oti to TEMPME einai 16 fores katw.

Ston tomea ths anergias, eipan, h ektimhsh gia to 2010 htan gia pososto sto 11,8%, omws to Maio to pososto anergias eixe ftasei sto 12%, apotypwnontas mia ayjhsh ths anergias kata 43% se enan xrono.

Oso afora stis dieqneis agores, par' oti o stoxos ths kybernhshs htan h beltiwsh ths eikonas ths xwras, sthn pragmatikothta paramenei adynath h prosbash stis dieqneis agores.

To oikonomiko epiteleio ths ND yposthrije oti to anapotelesmatiko meigma oikonomikhs politikhs exei synepeies kai sthn pragmatikh oikonomia, poy fainetai sth meiwsh ths biomhxanikhs paragwghs kata 5,8% to prwto ejamhno toy etoys, sth meiwsh ths metapoihshs kata 4,7%, sth meiwsh ths oikodomikhs drasthriothtas kata 22% ton fetino Maio kai sth meiwsh toy tziroy sto lianemporio kata 5,1% kai telos sto kleisimo toy 15% twn epixeirhsewn ths Attikhs.

"H anapotelesmatikothta toy meigmatos oikonomikhs politikhs ths kybernhshs kai oi kindynoi ylopoihshs toy programmatos exoyn odhghsei thn kybernhsh se logistikes akrobasies kai thn troika se anazhthsh metrwn ektos toy arxikoy mnhmonioy", aneferan oi ekproswpoi ths ND kai staqhkan stis "nees dysarestes kai epwdynes parembaseis gia toys ergazomenoys, toys syntajioyxoys, ta noikokyria kai tis epixeirhseis, poy perilambanei to epikyropoihmeno mnhmonio".

Shmeiwsan oti to "deytero mnhmonio" ypoxrewnei thn kybernhsh na proxwrhsei se rizikes allages sta ergasiaka, me thn efarmogh neoy kaqestwtos gia thn diaithsia, sthn ek baqrwn anaqewrhsh toy systhmatos syllogikwn diapragmateysewn ston idiwtiko tomea, me thn dieykolynsh ths megalyterhs krishs symbasewn proswrinhs ergasias kai merikhs apasxolhshs, sthn anaqewrhsh twn basikwn parametrwn toy syntajiodotikoy systhmatos, symperilambanomenwn kai twn epikoyrikwn tameiwn, se meiwsh proswpikoy ston OSE kata 35%, parallhla me ayjhsh twn eisithriwn kai meiwsh toy basikoy misqoy kata 20%, se peraiterw meiwsh epidomatwn kai yperwriwn stis kratikes epixeirhseis, se ayjhsh twn eisithriwn sta dhmosia mesa metaforas, se meiwseis sta koinwnika programmata, sto anoigma pros tritoys ths paragwghs hlektrikhs energeias me lignith kai sthn oysiastikh anaqewrhsh ths listas barewn kai anqygieinwn epaggelmatwn.

Yposthrijan akomh oti ston proypologismo toy 2011 qa yparxoyn nea metra dhmosionomikhs prosarmoghs ycoys 3,2% toy AEP, poy qa proerxontai kata 2,2% apo eispraktika metra kai 1% apo peraiterw perikoph dapanwn.

Ektimoyn oti qa yparxoyn metra, opws h ayjhsh ths antikeimenikhs ajias twn akinhtwn, h metafora agaqwn kai yphresiwn apo to xamhlo syntelesth FPA ston ychlo, h ektakth eisfora stis epixeirhseis, h eisagwgh prasinoy foroy stis ekpompes diojeidioy toy anqraka, alla kai peraiterw meiwsh twn dhmosiwn ependysewn.

Kleinontas th synenteyjh Typoy epanelaban oti h ND exei epishmanei apo kairo tis adynamies ths efarmozomenhs politikhs kai exei kataqesei "strathgiko sxedio gia thn ejodo ths xwras apo thn krish".

[03] Fqhnotera ta foithtika enoikia

Meta thn ptwsh twn timwn sta akinhta kai tis enoikiaseis twn epaggelmatikwn xwrwn, parathreitai mia stadiakh ypoxwrhsh kai stis times twn foithtikwn enoikiwn. H ypoxwrhsh kymainetai apo 7% gia tis gkarsonieres kai fqanei ews kai peripoy 15% gia ta megala diamerismata. Sthn Aqhna kai th Qessalonikh yparxei yperprosfora palaiwn diamerismatwn se times poy kymainontai apo 200 ews 350 eyrw, to mhna. Oson afora tis ypoloipes "foithtoypoleis", to meso enoikio peftei se akoma xamhlotera epipeda.

Fqhnoteres oi... foithtoypoleis

Opws ola deixnoyn, to fetino fqinopwro diaforopoieitai apo ta prohgoymena sto gegonos oti oi times kinoyntai se ptwtikh troxia, logw ths oikonomikhs krishs kai opws ektimoyn oi kthmatomesites, einai h prwth ypoxwrhsh twn foithtikwn enoikiwn, poy ginetai sth xwra mas thn teleytaia dekaetia.

H ypoxwrhsh twn foithtikwn enoikiwn kymainetai apo 7% gia tis gkarsonieres kai fqanei ews kai peripoy 15% gia ta megala diamerismata, ta opoia enoikiazontai se dyo h treis foithtes mazi.

Sthn Aqhna kai th Qessalonikh yparxei yperprosfora palaiwn diamerismatwn se times poy kymainontai apo 200 ews 350 eyrw, to mhna. Oson afora tis ypoloipes "foithtoypoleis", to meso enoikio anerxetai se xamhlotera epipeda.

O k. Giannhs Rebyqhs, proedros ths Enwshs Mesitwn Aqhnwn-Attikhs, se dhlwseis toy sto APE-MPE, anefere oti h foithtikh stegh fetos qa einai pio oikonomikh kyriws gia ta palia diamerismata. Opws xarakthristika eipe, h meiwsh sta palia diamerismata anerxetai se pososto 7%-8%. "Oi times gia tis gkarsonieres kymainontai sta 200-250 eyrw, enw gia ta dyaria sta 280-350", shmeiwse o k. G. Rebyqhs.

[04] Mnhmes apo ton Emfylio

H fetinh qematikh synanthsh perielambane eishghseis - paroysiaseis gia to ``antartiko nosokomeio'' toy Grammoy, sto Lianotopi kai anafores sthn proswpikothta toy arxiatroy, dieyqynth twn ygeionomikwn yphresiwn toy ``Dhmokratikoy Stratoy ths Elladas'' (DSE), Epameinwnda (Nwnta) Sakellarioy.

Prwhn synagwnistes alla kai antipaloi, sympolemistes apo thn eqnikh antistash enantia sth nazistikh katoxh, oi opoioi argotera breqhkan se antipala ``meterizia'' sth diarkeia toy emfylioy, eidikoi episthmones, aytoptes, kateqesan tis martyries toys gia th dhmioyrgia ths ``nosokomeioypolhs'' toy Grammoy.

Ta osa aneferan xarakthristhkan apo polloys sygklonistika kaqws - opws eipan - stoys ligoys, oyte treis, mhnes ths leitoyrgias ths h ``nosokomeioypolh'' prosefere yphresies periqalchs se perissoteroys apo 4.000 traymaties antartes alla kai se polloys aixmalwtoys traymaties toy kybernhtikoy stratoy.

``Shmera, h meleth ekeinhs ths dyskolhs, aimathrhs epoxhs toy ellhnikoy emfylioy, poy talaipwrhse oloys toys Ellhnes, mporei na dwsei ena sygkritiko pleonekthma gia thn perioxh. Mas dinetai h eykairia na elqoyme kalytera se epafh m' ena kefalaio ths newterhs istorias mas, na katanohsoyme ta aitia, na maqoyme ap' aythn'', tonise o dhmarxos Nestorioy Xrhstos Gkosliopoylos.

Apo thn pleyra ths, h tote antartissa Katina Latifh, tonise xarakthristika: ``Se ayto to boyno qafthke o anqos ths neolaias, olhs ths Elladas, oxi mono ta antartopoyla''. Kai mazi ths symfwnhsan oloi oi parabriskomenoi.

Pws sthqhke h ``nosokomeioypolh''

Stis arxes toy 1948, prin akomh o taktikos stratos ejapolysei th deyterh, megalh ekkaqaristikh toy epixeirhsh, sth diarkeia toy emfylioy polemoy - epixeirhsh ``Korwnis'' - to geniko arxhgeio toy DSE, yioqetwntas eishghsh toy arxiatroy toy - toy gnwstoy fymatiologoy Nwnta Sakellarioy - edwse entolh na anazhthqei h katallhlh topoqesia gia th dhmioyrgia enos ``nosokomeioy'', opoy qa mporoyse na prosferqei frontida se plhgwmenoys antartes.

O arxiatros eixe zhthsei na plhroyntai treis proypoqeseis: prosbash se kaqaro nero, fysikh kalych apenanti se aeroporikoys kai epigeioys bombardismoys, kaqws kai sygklinwn odiko diktyo, wste na metaferontai oi asqeneis. Epilexqhke to idaniko shmeio, se mia daswmenh xaradra, konta sto ereipwmeno xwrio Lianotopi, stis oxqes twn phgwn toy Aliakmona.

Ton Aprilio toy 1948 arxise to ``titanio'' ergo ths anegershs toy nosokomeioy. Mesa se ena mhna, ws to Maio toy 1948, eixe oloklhrwqei me thn texnikh kaqodhghsh toy antarth ergolaboy Mixalh Soymelidh, apo thn Pontokwmh Ptolemaidas, mia pragmatika entypwsiakh egkatastash. To nosokomeio, ftiagmeno kyriws me petres kai jyla poy ekocan oi antartes apo ta pykna dash toy Grammoy dieqete dynatothta noshleias 1.500 atomwn -opws anefere to geniko arxhgeio toy DSE - dyo xeiroyrgeia, sta opoia ginontan taytoxrona epembaseis alla kai klibanoys aposteirwshs.

To hlektriko reyma paragotan apo ydrohlektrogennhtria, poy eixe egkatastaqei ston Aliakmona kai h opoia ``estelne'' reyma kai sta mageireia, stoys polloys bohqhtikoys xwroys, sth monada paragwghs fysiologikoy oroy, mexri kai sto ergasthrio aposteirwshs gazas. Yphrxan akomh eidikoi qalamoi noshleias gia baria traymatismenoys, tyfikoys kai kwfalaloys. Sthn aixmh ths leitoyrgias ths eftase na periqalpei ews kai 1.200 traymaties. Epipleon, eixe dhmioyrghqei akomh kai ypaiqrio qeatro, me jylines kerkides gia thn cyxagwgia twn asqenwn.

To nosokomeio emoiaze me polyboyo melissi mesa ston pyreto twn maxwn. Oi traymaties metaferontan me foreia ews kai treis wres makria apo ta metwpa kai egkataleipontan se apostash dyo peripoy xiliometrwn apo to nosokomeio, opoy paralambanontan apo toys noshleytes, wste na diathreitai mystikh h topoqesia ths egkatastashs. Gia ayto frontize allwste kai h pyknh dasokalych, kaqws to fyllwma twn dentrwn jekinoyse pykno panw apo tis paragkes apo to ycos twn pentemisi metrwn.

Oi martyries

``Xtisthke me ylika poy dieqete ploysia h fysh ths perioxhs, me texnotropia synhqismenh sta Balkania kai idiaitera sth Serbia kai me tropo poy apo katw na briskontai ta ampria kai apo panw oi jylines kataskeyes'', tonise o arxitektonas - ereynhths Giwrghs Koliopoylos kai prosqese:

``Akomh kai shmera einai adieykrinisto, apo poy metaferqhkan, mesa se toso mikro diasthma asbestes, ammos, k.t.l. Breqhkan peripoy 80 tsekoyria poy xrhsimopoihqhkan gia th leiansh twn kormwn. Htan polla ta ergatika xeria. Qewrw, pantws, yperbolh th xwrhtikothta poy anaferqhke, logw toy enqoysiasmoy poy epikratoyse kata thn anegersh toy kai pisteyw oti h dynamikh toy ejantloyntan sth noshleia 500-600 atomwn''.

To nosokomeio leitoyrghse parexontas plhreis yphresies stoys traymatismenoys antartes, mexri kai ta mesa toy Aygoystoy toy 1948, otan ypo thn piesh toy kybernhtikoy stratoy o DSE anadiplwqhke kai syntetagmena perase ton kyrio ogko ths dynamhs toy, sto Bitsi.

``Yphrxe fantasia megalh. Aposteirwname ergaleia se katsaroles, bazame mesa kai ceires. An eixan cofhsei, otan tis anoigame, jerame oti eixan aposteirwqei'', anefere h antartissa, eqelontria sth ``nosokomeioypolh'' toy Grammoy Katina Latifh kai synexise: ``Anatolikes xwres edinan prosfores allhleggyhs alla h bohqeia se farmaka erxotan kai apo dytikes xwres. Nosokomeia mikrotera yphrxan pantoy, stoys Carades, sta Kerdyllia kai alloy. Ta megala omws htan ajioqaymasta, ayto kai to allo sto Brontero, stis Prespes.

``To 1949 idryqhke sxolh mesaiwn ygeionomikwn stelexwn, poy edwsan se dyo seires, gyrw sta 150 atoma me to baqmo toy anqypoloxagoy, poy stelexwsan merarxies kai se treis seires 300 noshleytries. Se olh th Boreia Ellada pareixan tis yphresies toys 28 iatroi eqelontes, metajy aytwn dyo Polwnoi, dyo Boylgaroi, enas Oyggros - to Basileioy, patera toy metepeita proedroy ths Kypriakhs Dhmokratias den ton metraw ws jeno - kaqws kai giatroi aixmalwtoi polemoy poy proseferan tis yphresies toys stoys traymaties, poy idiaitera to kalokairi toy 1948, metaferontan kata dekades apo ta pedia twn maxwn''.

Ejhnta dyo xronia eixe na anebei sto Grammo o kinhmatografisths toy DSE Manos Zaxarias. Qymhqhke oti hrqe me to synergeio toy sto nosokomeio ``kat' entolh toy genikoy arxhgeioy'' kai apaqanatise tis egkatastaseis toy. ``Qeatrikh parastash omws den anebasame emeis sto nosokomeio, opws grafthke kapoia stigmh argotera alla to qeatriko klimakio toy DSE, poy to eixe organwsei enas katajiwmenos kai prin apo thn katoxh hqopoios, plaisiwnontas to me nearoys antartes. Emeis mono kinhmatografhsame to stigmiotypo...'', prosqese o gnwstos pleon skhnoqeths.

O arxiatros Nwntas Sakellarioy

H ``cyxh'' ths ``nosokomeioypolhs'' toy Grammoy, o giatros Nwntas Sakellarioy, breqhke stis grammes ths eqnikhs antistashs peri ta mesa toy 1943. Argotera, bghke kai pali sto boyno ston emfylio.

``O Lewnidas Strigkos, ypeyqynos toy grafeioy Makedonias toy KKE, shmainwn stelexos toy ELAS thn periodo ths eqnikhs antistashs, eixe apeyqynei ekklhsh stoys peripoy saranta giatroys, poy htan kommatika melh (toy KKE), na aneboyn sto boyno. Sxoliaze loipon, oti anti gia aytoys, proqymopoihqhke o Nwntas Sakellarioy, poy htan men sto EAM, alla den htan steno kommatiko melos toy KKE'', anefere o Basilhs Gkanatsios, o qrylikos ``kapetan Xeimarros'' toy ELAS.

O ``Xeimarros'' episkefqhke to kalokairi toy 1948, me thn idiothta pleon, toy ypostrathgoy kai epikefalhs toy arxhgeioy dytikhs Makedonias toy DSE, to nosokomeio toy Grammoy, synodeyomenos apo ton politiko epitropo (toy Bafeiadh) Lewnida Strigko, wste na epiqewrhsei tis egkatastaseis toy.

Xqes, o Basilhs Gkanatsios to episkefqhke pali, 62 xronia meta thn epixeirhsh ``Korwnis'', thn opoia kai antimetwpise ws arxhgos twn antartwn, mazi me palioys toy synagwnistes. Sygkinhmenos, dihghqhke oti kata th diarkeia ths fonikhs sygkroyshs metajy toy kybernhtikoy kai toy antartikoy stratoy, enas antarths o M. P., apo thn perioxh twn Grebenwn, sthn prospaqeia toy na bohqhsei enan antipalo traymatia kai na ton trabhjei na noshleytei sto ``nosokomeio twn antartwn'' traymatisthke apo qraysma blhmatos ston ayxena.

``O traymatias qerapeythke, anarrwse plhrws, o antarths ypekyce'' prosqese xarakthristika. ``Exqroi, aspondoi sto metwpo, allhleggyoi ston pono, mprosta sto qanato. Eginan polla tetoiab¦'', synexise o ``Xeimarros''.

Th xronikh ekeinh periodo, dieyqynths twn ygeionomikwn yphresiwn toy DSE htan o Nwntas Sakellarioy, poy meta th qhteia toy sthn eqnikh antistash kai ston ELAS eixe perasei pleon sto antartiko. O idios o Markos Bafeiadhs, me proswpikh entolh toy aneqese ta kaqhkonta toy ton Aprilio toy 1947. Htan katajiwmenos episthmonas, praos, pantote cyxraimos kai me baqia synaisqhsh toy kaqhkontos toy giatroy apenanti ston asqenh.

``To eixe deijei kai sthn Eqnikh Antistash, alla kai prin apo thn katoxh, otan kata th diarkeia ths qhteias toy sto sanatorio toy Asbestoxwrioy eixe ginei gnwstos, se olh thn perioxh Xortiath - Agioy Basileioy, me to proswnymio o giatros twn ftwxwn. Afhse th qesh toy dieyqynth toy sanatorioy gia na diaqesei tis yphresies toy eqelontika ston ELAS kai sthn Eqnikh Antistash'', tonise o dikhgoros kai proswpikos toy filos Kwnstantinos Xoromidhs.

``Na prosexeis ton arxhgo''

Anaferomenos sta grapta toy Nwnta Sakellarioy, o Xoromidhs anefere oti mesa sto 1948 akoyse polles fores o arxiatros apo ta xeilh toy Basilh Mpartzwta (stelexos toy KKE, politikos epitropos kai stenos synergaths toy Zaxariadh), th frash: ``na prosexeis ton arxhgo'', yponowntas ton Marko. Kapoia stigmh, omws toy eipe: ``Na ejetaseis ton arxhgo, to leei to komma''.

O Bafeiadhs ejetasthke, eixe 37,5 pyreto, hpia flegmonh toy farygga, stres, kaqws htan katabeblhmenos apo thn yperprospaqeia, logw ths dysmenoys ejelijhs twn maxwn. O Sakellarioy argotera katalabe - toylaxiston ayto grafei sto biblio toy me titlo: ``Diaqesame th Zwh masb¦'' - oti h ``omada Zaxariadh'' xreiazotan ``na exei sta xeria ths ena epishmo xarti'' gia na to xrhsimopoihsei gia thn apomakrynsh toy arxistrathgoy toy DSE apo ta kaqhkonta toy, poy egine sta telh toy 1948, otan pleon eixe koryfwqei h rhjh metajy Zaxariadh-Bafeiadh.

``Ton Nwnta ton gnwrisa arxes toy 1949 sto nosokomeio toy Bronteroy sto Bitsi. Chlos, eyqytenhs, sigoyros gia tis gnwseis toy, galhnios. Htan gia mas, o arxiatros kai o deyteros pateras, panta konta stoys arrwstoys, panta konta stis eqelontries'', eipe h Katina Latifh kai synexise: ``Otan me apespasan apo to tmhma moy gia na doylecw sto nosokomeio kai phga konta toy, me koitaje kai moy eipe: Ti nomizeis, oti edw den eimaste maximoi; Exeis na fas bombes, kanonies, allo tipoteb¦ Eixe dikio! qymamai thn hmera poy to nosokomeio trantaxthke apo mia obida pyrobolikoy. Katalabame apo thn embeleia toy, pws eprepe na apoxwrhsoyme metaferontas toys traymaties''.

Skhnes symfiliwshs

Xqes to prwi (Kyriakh), ena lewforeio, ypo thn epopteia toy topikoy stelexoys ths EDIA G. Papagrhgorioy, jekinhse apo to Nestorio me proorismo thn kardia toy ``matwmenoy boynoy'', toy Grammoy. Epibates, peri ta eikosi atoma me gkriza mallia kai ta shmadia poy afhse o emfylios baqia xaragmena, stis rytides twn proswpwn toys.

Syntajidiwtes, to 2010, antipaloi to 1946-1949. Antartes kai prwhn polemistes toy taktikoy stratoy. Kapoioi apo aytoys polemhsan apo koinoy kata thn periodo ths eqnikhs antistashs, enantia sth germanoitalikh katoxh, alla toys brhke se antipala metwpa o emfylios. Metajy toys, briskontai kai antidiktatorikoi agwnistes: Nikos Kalogeropoylos, Triantafyllos Mhtafidhs, Swthrhs Dedes.

O ``kapetan Xeimarros'' syzhta me ton Saranth Katsh, stratiwth toy taktikoy stratoy, poy polemhse to 1949 sto Bitsi. Symmeteixe sthn teleytaia ekkaqaristikh epixeirhsh me thn kwdikh onomasia ``Pyrsos''. Dipla ston 85xrono Saranth kaqetai o adelfos toy Giwrgos, 82 xronwn, epistratos, to 1948, toy taktikoy stratoy sto Grammo, kata th diarkeia ths epixeirhshs ``Korwnis''. Syzhtoyn hrema, qymoyntai, symfwnoyn: ``Eginan agriothtes, htan fonikos, katastrofikos o emfyliosb¦''.

To lewforeio perna to xwrio Peyko. Eirwnikh, h tampela toy kafeneioy: ``Staqmos trenwn: O Germanos''. To xwrio olo mphke sthn eqnikh antistash kai breqhke argotera sto epikentro toy emfylioy. Liga xiliometra pio katw, sta aristera to ycwma ``Koziakas''. Sta dejia to ycwma ``Tsarno''. Sklhres, fonikes htan oi maxes toy Grammoy, idiaitera sthn telikh fash ths epixeirhshs ``Pyrsos'' ton Aygoysto toy 1949.

``Otan epese to Tsarno, o strathgos Qrasyboylos Tsakalwtos plhsiase ton tote basilea Paylo, poy parakoloyqoyse th maxh mazi me ton Ban Flit, apo to platwma Alebitsa kai ton enhmerwse oti - oysiastika - h ekkaqaristikh epixeirhsh ston Grammo oloklhrwqhkeb¦'', qymatai megalofwna enas epibaths. Den eixe adiko, o strathgos Tsakalwtos.

H shmerinh eikona

Xreiasthkan monon tessereis meres, epeita apo thn katalhch toy ycwmatos, wste na spasei o kybernhtikos stratos to metwpo toy DSE sto Grammo (mesa se treis mono meres eixe hdh katarreysei ekeino sto Bitsi) kai na arxisei h mazikh apoxwrhsh twn antartwn pros thn allh pleyra twn synorwn.

To lewforeio stamata se mia strofh. Sta dejia toy xwmatodromoy, h protomh toy Petroy Kokkalh, ypoyrgoy Ygeias ths ``Kybernhshs toy Boynoy'', apo to Dekembrio toy 1947, exei sthqei panw apo th xaradra ths prwhn ``nosokomeioypolhs'' twn antartwn. Apo ekei fainetai h sphlia ston braxo, ta ereipia twn bombardismenwn egkatastasewn.

``Ela Basilh, kaqise edw'', eipe sto synagwnisth ths ``kapetan Xeimarro'' h antartissa Kwstantinia Kariofyllh. Polemhse ston ``Xaronta''. Htan to mono metwpo toy DSE poy krathse tis qeseis toy, mesa sthn kolash twn syndyasmenwn pyrwn poy ejapelyan oi yperteres dynameis, to pyroboliko kai h aeroporia toy taktikoy stratoy.

Ypo tis entoles toy ``Xeimarroy'' egine dynatos o eligmos poy epetrece stis ypoloipes antartomades (tmhmata Goysia, k.a.) na egkataleicoyn syntetagmena to Grammo kai na oloklhrwsoyn, xwris shmantikes apwleies, thn kinhsh toys pros to Bitsi, stis 21 Aygoystoy toy '48. To ypoloipo tmhma efyge argotera, dioikoymeno proswpika apo ton Gkanatsio (Xeimarro), ena eikositetrawro argotera.

Apo makria fainetai h Grammosta. Ypoxwroyn ta elata, to parqeno dasos, akayto akomh kai apo tis ``napalm'', poy dokimasthkan peiramatika gia prwth fora ston ellhniko emfylio, sto Grammo. Alpiko ginetai pleon to topio, adynatizei h prokalych, pisw apo thn koryfogrammh einai h Albania. Apo ekei efygan oi antartes me apofash toy genikoy arxhgeioy, kleinontas to kefalaio ellhnikos emfylios.

Ligostes dynameis toy DSE paremeinan egklwbismenes notiotera kai boreioanatolika alla den apotelesan pleon apeilh gia to kratos, poy eixe sto metajy prolabei na anasyntaxqei dioikhtika kai stratiwtika. Ta liga ktiria ths Grammostas anakainizontai me eyrwpaiko programma. Sthn porta toy mikroy ypaiqrioy anacykthrioy - kafeneioy einai qyrokollhmenh mia prosfath diatagh ths astynomias se mia selida xarti, poy parapempei se alles epoxes: ``Anakoinwsh gia th zwokloph... opws anaferetai kinhseisb¦ k.t.l.''.

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