[01] Oktw arxaiologikoi xwroi perimenoyn na toys... anakalycete

Fainetai, wstoso, pws eidika sth Boreia Ellada o arxaiologikos toyrismos den perna thn kalyterh epoxh toy. Ta mnhmeia ths Makedonias kai ths Qrakhs den apoteloyn proteraiothta twn toyristwn, poy tajideyoyn sth xwra, opws diapistwnoyn kai ekproswpoi forewn ths perioxhs. ``To endiaferon gia ton politismo ths perioxhs mas den einai aneptygmeno'', epishmainei, milwntas sto APE- MPE o proedros ths Enwshs Toyristikwn Grafeiwn Makedonias - Qrakhs, Dhmhtrhs Mantoyshs.

``Diaxronika, h proselkysh toyristwn prokeimenoy na episkefqoyn ta mnhmeia htan apo ta propyrgia toy ellhnikoy toyrismoy. Wstoso, ta teleytaia xronia einai shmantikh h meiwsh twn toyristwn poy kateyqynontai se moyseia kai arxaiologikoys xwroys'', tonizei h Annita Tribella, proedros toy Syndesmoy Jenagwn Qessalonikhs.

Opws ejhgei h idia, oi aities prepei na anazhthqoyn stoys diorganwtes tajidiwn, oi opoioi strefoyn toys episkeptes se syntomes perihghseis kai oxi se diejodikes episkeceis se mnhmeia kai arxaiologikoys xwroys, sto ayjhmeno pososto twn episkeptwn xamhloteroy morfwtikoy epipedoy, oi opoioi erxontai sthn Ellada mono gia th qalassa, kai stis periorismenes diafhmistikes kampanies toy ellhnikoy kratoys. "Poly syxna parathreitai to fainomeno oi toyristes na mhn jeroyn se poia xwra erxontai, giati epilegoyn ton topo twn diakopwn toys me monadiko krithrio mia wraia paralia. O politismos den einai ths modas pia kai emeis den ton anadeiknyoyme ws xwra", prosqetei.

Ta prwteia sth zhthsh twn ekdromwn arxaiologikoy endiaferontos fainetai pws exoyn oi Aggloi, oi Ollandoi, oi Germanoi kai oi Iapwnes. "Oi Rwsoi, epishs, deixnoyn endiaferon, alla kyriws logw toy qrhskeymatos toys qeloyn na episkeptontai monasthria kai ekklhsies", leei h proedros toy Syndesmoy Jenagwn. "Gia ta qrhskeytika mnhmeia kai kyriws gia to Agion Oros yparxei endiaferon kai apo thn kypriakh agora, poy wstoso meiwqhke meta ta skandala toy Batopedioy", symplhrwnei o proedros ths Enwshs Toyristikwn Grafeiwn, gia na ypogrammisei sth synexeia: "Dystyxws kai o qrhskeytikos toyrismos, poy syndeetai amesa me ton arxaiologiko toyrismo, den zhthqhke oso qa qelame".

Dhmofileis proorismoi sth Boreia Ellada einai o naos toy Agioy Dhmhtrioy sth Qessalonikh, h Bergina, to Dion kai to Agion Oros. "Dystyxws ligoi gnwrizoyn toys perissoteroys proorismoys arxaiologikoy endiaferontos ths Boreias Elladas. Sthn kentrikh kai notia Ellada ta pragmata einai kalytera. Oloi gnwrizoyn thn Akropolh, toys Delfoys, thn arxaia Olympia, thn Epidayro kai thn Knwso", tonizei h k. Tribella.

"Paizei rolo kai h kalyterh aeroporikh syndesh ths Aqhnas me tis alles xwres, poy thn kaqista dhmofilestero proorismo", yposthrizei o k. Mantoyshs.

Se antiqeth poreia me toys toyristes toy ejwterikoy fainetai na kineitai o eswterikos toyrismos. Oi Ellhnes epilegoyn oloena kai pio syxna na gnwrisoyn kalytera thn politistikh klhronomia toys.

"Mexri prin apo liga xronia oi Ellhnes den edeixnan endiaferon gia ton arxaiologiko toyrismo. Ta teleytaia deka xronia ayto allazei sta gkroyp twn Ellhnwn. Oi logoi kata th gnwmh moy einai oti otan oi maqhtes twn sxoleiwn episkeptontai arxaiologikoys xwroys, to endiaferon ayto metakylyetai kai stis oikogeneies toys. Epishs, oi Ellhnes arxisan na tajideyoyn perissotero kai sto ejwteriko, kati poy toys bohqhse na allajoyn nootropia. Se mia poreia xronwn blepw beltiwsh ston Ellhna toyrista, enw oi jenoi poy palia htan synwnymoi me ton politistiko toyrismo, twra allazoyn", tonizei h k. Tribella.

Oxtw diadromes sto parelqon ths Boreias Elladas

To APE- MPE anazhthse kai proteinei oktw proorismoys megalhs arxaiologikhs shmasias, dhmofileis h ligotero gnwstoys, kaqws kai endiaferoyses topoqesies sth gyrw perioxh toys.

1. Bergina

To moyseio poy prostateyei kai anadeiknyei toys basilikoys tafoys twn Aigwn mageyei apo thn prwth stigmh to koino poy to episkeptetai me thn atmosfairikothta toy. To ktisma dinei ejwterika thn entypwsh arxaioy tymboy, enw sto eswteriko toy ektiqentai oi qhsayroi poy entopisthkan mesa stoys basilikoys tafoys. Sto eswteriko toy moyseioy paroysiazontai oi tesseris tafoi toy Filippoy toy B', ths Persefonhs, toy Alejandroy D' kai o tafos me toys eleyqeroys kiones. Epishs, ta qemelia toy ypergeioy hrwoy kai ta eyrhmata twn tafwn. Oi entypwsiakes toixografies ths arpaghs ths Persefonhs kai toy basilikoy kynhgioy traboyn thn prosoxh ws oi monadikes plhrws swzomenes zwgrafikes parastaseis ths klasikhs arxaiothtas. Oi xryses larnakes poy perieixan ta osta toy Filippoy B' kai ths basilikhs syzygoy apoteloyn ta pio gnwsta kai entypwsiaka ekqemata.

Endiaferon paroysiazei kai to megaloprepes anaktoro toy Filippoy B', sto dytiko tmhma ths polhs twn Aigwn. Dipla toy briskontan to qeatro kai alla dhmosia ktiria ths polhs.

Se apostash 13 xiliometrwn apo th Bergina, brisketai h Beroia, prwteyoysa toy nomoy Hmaqias kai polh twn paradosiakwn synoikiwn me ta entypwsiaka neoklasika kai tis polyariqmes byzantines kai metabyzantines ekklhsies.

2. Pella

H Pella, mia mikrh polh stis aktes toy Qermaikoy kolpoy, egine prwteyoysa toy makedonikoy kratoys sto telos toy 5oy - arxes toy 4oy ai. p.X., antikaqistwntas tis Aiges, kai syntoma ejelixqhke sto shmantikotero politiko, oikonomiko kai politistiko kentro olhs ths Elladas.

O episkecimos arxaiologikos xwros ths Pellas, boreia toy dhmosioy dromoy Qessalonikhs-Giannitswn, perilambanei tmhma toy oikistikoy tomea ths polhs, kyriws ths ellhnistikhs epoxhs. Despozei h agora, opoy epikentrwnotan h megalh paragwgikh drasthriothta ths Pellas sthn ellhnistikh epoxh. Gyrw apo aythn ekteinetai to oikistiko tmhma ths polhs. Jexwrizoyn oi idiwtikes oikies toy Dionysoy, ths Elenhs, twn koniamatwn kai toy Poseidwnos. Sto boreiotero lofo ths polhs brisketai to anaktoro. Temenh mesa sthn polh, alla kai ektos twn teixwn dinoyn stoixeia gia th qrhskeytikh zwh twn katoikwn ths Pellas kai gia thn arxitektonikh twn ierwn xwrwn: to Qesmoforio, to iero ths Afrodiths - Kybelhs kai to iero toy Darrwna, qerapeyth qeoy.

Apo ton Septembrio toy 2009 sthn Pella kai sto boreioanatoliko tmhma toy arxaiologikoy xwroy leitoyrgei ena neo moyseio, ektashs 6.000 tetragwnikwn metrwn. H ekqesh twn eyrhmatwn diarqrwnetai se pente qematikes enothtes: kaqhmerinh zwh, dhmosia zwh, qrhskeia, nekrotafeia kai aiqoysa toy anaktoroy.

H arxaiologikh episkech sthn Pella syndyazetai monadika me tis fysikes omorfies ths eyryterhs perioxhs: ta loytra Pozar sto Loytraki Pellas, toys katarraktes ths Edessas, to Kaimaktsalan me to dhmofilh diathrhteo oikismo toy palaioy Agioy Aqanasioy, to Mayro Dasos ths Almwpias kai th limnh Begoritida me toys panemorfoys paralimnioys oikismoys ths.

3. Dion

Stoys boreioys propodes toy Olympoy, se perioxh poy ejasfalizei ton apolyto elegxo ths stenhs diabashs apo th Makedonia sth Qessalia, despozei to Dion, h kat' ejoxhn ierh polh twn Makedonwn kata toys ellhnistikoys kai rwmaikoys xronoys.

Kalyptontas xwro ektashs 1.500 stremmatwn, o arxaiologikos xwros toy Dioy apoteleitai apo thn ektashs 360 stremmatwn oxyrwmenh polh, plaisiwmenh apo xwroys latreias, poy katoikhqhke xwris diakoph apo ta klasika ws ta palaioxristianika xronia. Se epallhla anaskafika strwmata apokalyfthkan idiwtikes katoikies (opws h epaylh toy Dionysoy), dhmosia ktiria, katasthmata, iera, to ellhnistiko kai to rwmaiko qeatro kai polla ergasthria.

Ta shmantikotera eyrhmata twn anaskafwn sto Dion, alla kai anaskafwn apo qeseis se olh thn Pieria, stegazontai sto arxaiologiko moyseio toy Dioy, poy brisketai se apostash 500 metrwn apo thn eisodo toy arxaiologikoy xwroy. Ta ekqemata einai organwmena se enothtes antistoixes me to xwro aneyreshs toys (dhmosia, ktiria, iera, nekrotafeia, klp).

Me epikentro to ellhnistiko qeatro toy Dioy diorganwnontai kaqe xrono politistikes ekdhlwseis, ypo ton titlo Festibal Olympoy. Oi draseis toy festibal (synaylies, qeatrikes parastaseis, logotexnikes bradies, ekqeseis kai arxaiologikes omilies) pragmatopoioyntai epishs, sto Byzantino Kastro toy Platamwna, sto byzantino nao ths Panagias sthn Kontariwtissa kai sto Kentro Mesogeiakwn Chfidwtwn.

4. Filippoi

H arxaia polh twn Filippwn idryqhke stis paryfes twn elwn poy kalyptan to notioanatoliko tmhma ths pediadas ths Dramas. Oi prwtoi oikistes ths htan apoikoi apo th Qaso, poy idrysan sta 360 p.X. thn apoikia twn Krhnidwn. H polh gnwrise thn akmh ths kata ta ellhnistika xronia. Th fysiognwmia ths polhs "sfragise", epishs, h eleysh toy Apostoloy Payloy, o opoios idryse edw thn prwth xristianikh ekklhsia se eyrwpaiko edafos to 49/50 m.X.

Shmera o episkepths mporei na dei shmantika mnhmeia kai arxaiologika synola, poy martyroyn to endojo parelqon ths perioxhs: ta teixh kai thn akropolh, to arxaio qeatro, th rwmaikh agora, tis basilikes A' kai B' kai to palaioxristianiko "Oktagwno", poy perilambane nao, fialh, baptisthrio, loytrwna kai mnhmeiako pylwna.

Ta eyrhmata twn anaskafwn fylassontai sto arxaiologiko moyseio Filippwn. To moyseio paremene kleisto gia polla xronia logw twn pollwn ktiriakwn problhmatwn poy antimetwpize kai ta opoia eprepe na apokatastaqoyn. Meta tis ergasies ktiriakhs beltiwshs kai epanekqeshs einai kai pali apo ton perasmeno Maio anoixto gia to koino.

Opws kai sto Dion, etsi kai stoys Filippoys oi episkeptes exoyn thn eykairia na syndyasoyn kata th qerinh periodo ton arxaiologiko peripato me plhqos politistikwn ekdhlwsewn. To Festibal Filippwn- Kabalas exei ws epikentro to arxaio qeatro, enw ta teleytaia xronia exei epektaqei kai se alloys xwroys- shmeia anaforas ths Kabalas: to byzantino kastro, to palio Apentomwthrio, to Imaret, thn Palia Moysikh h Xalil Mpeh Tzami, thn plateia Mwxamet Alh kai to palio aerodromio Amygdalewna.

5. Aianh

Se apostash 1,5 xiliometroy apo th sygxronh kwmopolh ths Aianhs brisketai h arxaia polh, poy kata thn Arxaiothta apoteloyse thn prwteyoysa toy basileioy ths Elimiwtidas, enos apo ta isxyrotera basileia ths Anw Makedonias. H zwh sthn perioxh jekina apo thn Ysterh Epoxh toy Xalkoy, enw oi prwimoteres oikodomikes faseis sthn polh ths Aianhs anerxontai stis arxes toy 5oy ai. p.X. kai synexizontai adialeipta ws ta ysteroellhnistika xronia, opote egkataleipetai mallon eirhnika h polh kai metatopizetai se allo xwro, profanws me thn epikrathsh twn Rwmaiwn.

Kata tis anaskafes sthn arxaia Aianh exoyn entopistei polyteleis idiwtikes katoikies, monadika agalmata, basilikoi tafoi kai dhmosia ktiria. Sta pio endiaferonta ktiria toy arxaiologikoy xwroy sygkatalegontai to mnhmeiwdes dhmosio ktisma "Stwiko ktirio", h dhmosioy xarakthra "Oikia twn megalwn domwn", oi idiwtikes oikies "Spiti me ta piqaria", "Spiti me tis skales" kai "Spiti me tis agnyqes", kaqws kai oi ktistoi qalamwtoi tafoi.

Sto moyseio ths Aianhs anaptyssetai h istorikh ejelijh ths arxaias Aianhs kai ths eyryterhs perioxhs, apo ta proistorika mexri kai ta rwmaika xronia.

Se mikrh apostash apo thn Aianh, sto Mikrobalto toy dhmoy Kamboyniwn, o episkepths mporei na qaymasei ena monadiko gewlogiko fainomeno, ta Mpoyxaria. Prokeitai gia 20 peripoy fysikes gewmorfes poy prohlqan apo th diabrwsh toy edafoys se diasthma xiliadwn xronwn. Exoyn to sxhma xwmatinhs kolwnas, enw sthn koryfh toys kalyptontai apo braxo. To ycos toys kymainetai apo tria ews eji metra. Sthn idia perioxh briskontai kai ta Noxtaria, idias proeleyshs kai systashs me ta Mpoyxaria, xwris to braxo sthn koryfh toys.

6. Arxaia kai Byzantinh Marwneia

H arxaia Marwneia, konta sto sygxrono oikismo toy nomoy Rodophs, idryqhke ton 7o aiwna p.X. kai grhgora ejelixqhke se isxyrh polh. Ta arxaiologika eyrhmata deixnoyn oti h polh paremeine anqhrh kai kata th rwmaikh periodo, alla kai kata thn palaioxristianikh epoxh, opote diathrhse to arxaio ths onoma kai paremeine sthn idia gewgrafikh qesh. Ta eyrhmata katadeiknyoyn malista oti katoikoyntan ws ta mesa toy 13oy aiwna m.X.

Ta shmantikotera mnhmeia ths arxaias polhs poy exoyn erqei sto fws einai to qeatro ths polhs, me dyo faseis kataskeyhs, thn ellhnistikh kai th rwmaikh, iero, piqanon toy Dionysoy, poy xronologeitai ston 4o p.X. aiwna, katoikia ellhnistikhs epoxhs me chfidwto dapedo, tmhmata ths oxyrwshs ths klasikhs polhs kai dyo megala ktiriaka sygkrothmata ths ellhnistikhs epoxhs.

Sto kentro sxedon ths byzantinhs polhs, sth qesh Palhoxwra, despozei mia palaioxristianikh basilikh me metagenesteres faseis poy parexoyn th dynatothta parakoloyqhshs ths makraiwnhs zwhs ths polhs. Apo th basilikh anaskafhke to aiqrio, o narqhkas kai tmhmata twn klitwn.

H episkech ston arxaiologiko xwro ths Marwneias syndyazetai monadika me ekdromes sta dytika (Fanari, Arwgh, Mesh) kai anatolika (Marwneia, Agios Xaralampos, Plataniths, Alkywn, Imeros) paralia toy nomoy Rodophs, opoy kyriarxoyn oi aperantes ammoydies, ta katagalana nera kai ta grafika xwria.

7. Abdhra

Ta Abdhra apotelesan mia apo tis pio shmantikes arxaies poleis toy boreioy Aigaioy. H polh idryqhke sta mesa toy 7oy aiwna p.X. apo apoikoys twn Klazomenwn, ellhnikhs polhs sth xersonhso ths Eryqraias sth M. Asia. H poreia ths apoikias htan fqinoysa oxi mono logw twn sygkroysewn me toys Qrakes, toys palaioteroys katoikoys ths perioxhs, alla, kyriws, logw twn kakwn klimatologikwn synqhkwn. Peripoy enan aiwna argotera, to 545 p.X., o xwros apoikisqhke gia deyterh fora apo katoikoys ths Tew, epishs ellhnikhs polhs poy briskotan notia twn Klazomenwn. Arxika kai aytoi antimetwpisan polla problhmata me toys Qrakes, alla telika epikrathsan kai grhgora h polh toys paroysiase megalh oikonomikh kai pneymatikh anqhsh. Sto prwto miso toy 4oy ai. m.X., o oikismos, poy eixe hdh syrriknwqei shmantika, metaferqhke sto lofo ths arxaias akropolhs kai metonomasqhke se Polystylon. H perioxh paremeine katoikhmenh mexri to 14o aiwna m.X.

O arxaiologikos xwros twn Abdhrwn, sto akrwthrio Mpoyloystra, perilambanei to boreio kai to notio peribolo, thn akropolh ths arxaias polhs kai ta nekrotafeia ths, poy xronologoyntai sthn arxaikh, klasikh kai ellhnistikh periodo. Epishs, o episkepths mporei na dei katoikies twn rwmaikwn xronwn, ta ereipia polyteloys loytroy ths idias epoxhs kai koimhthriakh basilikh twn xristianikwn xronwn.

Sto Arxaiologiko Moyseio Abdhrwn ektiqentai antikeimena poy breqhkan sthn polh kai ta nekrotafeia twn arxaiwn Abdhrwn. H ekqesh kalyptei th xronikh periodo apo ton 7o ai. p.X. mexri ton 13o ai. m.X. H paroysiash twn ekqematwn ginetai se treis kyries enothtes: dhmosios bios, idiwtikos bios kai tafika eqima.

H perihghsh sta Abdhra syndyazetai idanika me episkech sthn Janqh, poy apexei molis 25 xiliometra. H palia polh ths, sto boreio meros ths Janqhs, entypwsiazei ton episkepth poy qa breqei ekei. Ta ktismata xronologoyntai sthn pleionothta toys to 19o aiwna. Sthn palia polh organwnontai kaqe Septembrio kai politistika drwmena.

8. Mikrh Dojipara

Enas ligotero gnwstos arxaiologikos xwros brisketai konta sta xwria Mikrh Dojipara, Zwnh kai Xelidona, sto nomo Ebroy. H anaskafh sth Mikrh Dojipara- Zwnh apokalyce prin apo molis oktw xronia spania eyrhmata: tetratroxes amajes, kala diathrhmenes, qammenes mazi me ta aloga toys.

Opws symperainoyn oi arxaiologoi, stis arxes toy 2oy ai. m.X. tessera melh mias ploysias oikogeneias gaiokthmonwn poy peqanan diadoxika, apotefrwqhkan kai entafiasthkan sto idio shmeio, konta sto dromo poy odhgoyse apo thn Adrianoypolh sth Filippoypolh. Sthn idia qesh kataskeyasthke stadiaka megalos tymbos, gia na diathrhqei ana toys aiwnes zwntanh h mnhmh twn nekrwn.

Sto xwro twn tafwn entopisthkan polyariqma kinhta eyrhmata: phlina, gyalina kai xalkina aggeia, xalkinoi lyxnostates kai lyxnaria, xalkina fanaria, opla, kosmhmata kai jylina kibwtidia. Oi amajes poy breqhkan sth Mikrh Dojipara-Zwnh htan ta oxhmata me ta opoia metaferqhkan oi nekroi sto xwro tafhs. O arxaiologikos xwros ston tymbo ths Mikrhs Dojiparas-Zwnhs den exei diamorfwqei katallhla gia thn ypodoxh twn episkeptwn, wstoso oi endiaferomenoi mporoyn na episkefqoyn to xwro ths anaskafhs gia na qaymasoyn apo konta tis peritexna diakosmhmenes amaqes.

Se kontinh apostash apo ton arxaiologiko xwro brisketai to fragma toy potamoy Arda. O Ardas apotelei shmantiko oikosysthma, enw to parapotamio dasos poy anaptyssetai kata mhkos ths koiths toy "krybei" spania eidh xlwridas kai panidas.

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