[01] Sthn Olomeleia o neos proypologismos

O k. Koytsoykos, yposthrije oti h nea Kybernhsh toy PASOK brisketai antimetwph me ta pollapla elleimmata kai kyriws me to dhmosionomiko elleimma poy ``apeilei na akyrwsei, oles tis katakthseis toy Ellhnikoy laoy'', opws eipe.

O k Koytsoykos ypogrammise oti, ``h kybernhsh PASOK anoigei metwpa me ola osa kratoyn th xwra kaqhlwmenh kai thn empodizoyn na antapokriqei stis anagkes ths sygkyrias, na antimetwpisei toys kindynoys kai na ajiopoihsei tis eykairies''.

``Anoigoyme Metwpo, me thn paraoikonomia, ton parasitismo, th forodiafygh, th foroapofygh kai thn eisforodiafygh, thn kerdoskopia, thn kakodiaxeirish, ta pronomia twn ligwn se baros twn pollwn, th diafqora kai thn adiafaneia, thn anajiokratia, ton kommatismo, tis adiafaneis oikonomikes leitoyrgies, tis pelateiakes sxeseis, tis ejarthseis kai thn anajiopistia sto politiko systhma'', tonise.

Sto shmeio ayto, o genikos eishghths toy PASOK epiteqhke sth ND kathgorwntas thn oti oxi mono odhghse thn oikonomia se ayth thn tragikh katastash, alla paraplanhse kai ton Ellhniko lao kai toys Eyrwpaioys etairoys mas enw gnwrize to dhmosionomiko ektroxiasmo.

``Synolika apo to 2004 mexri shmera h Kybernhsh ths Neas Dhmokratias xrewse th xwra kata 100 dis. eyrw'', yposthrije.

Sth synexeia, milhse gia ena ``neo metabatiko proypologismo'' poy exei pollaplh politikh stoxeysh, opws, ``na stamathsei o dhmosionomikos kathforos, na enisxysei tis adynames koinwnikes omades, na symbalei sthn epanekkinhsh ths oikonomias, na dhmioyrghsei proypoqeseis mias neas anaptyjiakhs poreias, na apokatasthsei thn ajiopistia ths politikhs apenanti stoys polites kai stoys forologoymenoys kai na apokatasthsei thn xamenh timh ths Elladas stoys dieqneis Organismoys''.

``O proypologismos toy 2010 einai meros enos oloklhrwmenoy sxediasmoy, poy qa apotypwqei sto 4etes Programma Staqerothtas kai Anaptyjhs, kai stoxeyei sth meiwsh toy elleimmatos katw apo 3% toy AEP sto telos ths prwths tetraetias toy PASOK'', symplhrwse kai synexise:

``Para tis terasties dyskolies, h Kybernhsh ylopoiei tis proeklogikes ths desmeyseis gia thn enisxysh twn adynamwn koinwnikwn omadwn, thn qwrakish toy kratoys pronoias, th reystothta sthn agora, thn enisxysh ths epixeirhmatikothtas, thn diafaneia pantoy, symfwna me to sxedio twn prwtwn 100 hmerwn.

Se synqhkes prwtofanoys dhmosionomikhs krishs kai me thn anaptyjh na exei arnhtiko proshmo, symfwna me tis probleceis kai thn epomenh xronia (-0.3%) o proypologismos diasfalizei mia dynamikh isorropia metajy ths dhmosionomikhs ejygianshs, ths koinwnikhs synoxhs kai ths anaptyjiakhs prooptikhs.

Anoigoyme to dialogo kai bazoyme thn koinwnia kai toys foreis ths symmetoxoys sth diadikasia lhchs twn apofasewn gia na antimetwpisoyme ta megala kai anoixta problhmata''.

Kleinontas, o genikos eishghths toy PASOK epeshmane:

``H yperchfish toy Proypologismoy toy 2010 apotelei ena prwto kai taytoxrona shmantiko bhma sthn kateyqynsh ths ylopoihshs toy politikoy mas sxedioy gia na bgei h xwra apo to shmerino telma, gia na yperboyme ta adiejoda kai na anoijei epiteloys mia nea elpidofora kai dhmioyrgikh periodos''.

Eishghths ND:"H kybernhsh krata dipla biblia kai tameia"

``Yparxei kryfh atzenta - kai h kybernhsh ofeilei na mas dwsei perissoteres plhrofories kai ejhghseis'' anefere o genikos eishghths ths Neas Dhmokratias, Manwlhs Kefalogiannhs, analyontas ton Proypologismo toy 2010.

``O Proypologismos einai plasmatikos. H kybernhsh krata dipla biblia kai tameia. H dhmioyrgikh logistikh brisketai sthn apoqewsh ths: To elleimma ayjhqhke texnhta me ayjhsh dapanwn kata 11 dis. eyrw - agwnisthke to oikonomiko epiteleio ths kybernhshs na apodeijei elleimma 30 dis.'' ektimhse o kos Kefalogiannhs, ypologizontas to elleimma sta 19 dis. kai sto 8,3% toy AEP. Xrewnontas de, to 92% toy sysswreymenoy dhmosioy xreoys stis kybernhseis toy PASOK, kyriws ths dekaetias toy b80, o genikos eishghths ths ND kathgorhse thn kybernhsh kai ton Prwqypoyrgo gia aqethsh twn proeklogikwn toys yposxesewn: ``O kos Papandreoy elege pws yparxoyn xrhmata kai sxedio - oti qa mporoyse poly eykola na eisprajei 1 dis. eyrw apo ofeilomenoys foroys kai allo 1 dis. apo katarghsh epitropwn toy Dhmosioy. Ston Proypologismo katagrafontai 125 ek. eyrw apo foroys kai molis 58 apb tis epitropesbŠ''.

Peran toy ``mageirematos twn ariqmwn'', kata ton ko Kefalogiannh, ``an h xwra mas den dhmioyrghsei neo ployto, einai katadikasmenh. Gia tis ejaggelies toy PASOK xreiazontai 25 dis - kai gia thn meiwsh toy elleimmatos sto 3%, alla 22. Gia thn oikonomikh apogeiwsh xreiazontai kolossiaies ependyseis. Poy qa breqoyn ta kondylia; Bebaiws apo thn meiwsh twn dapanwn, tis aytoxrhmatodothseis dhmosiwn ergwn, tis apokratikopoihseis me koinwniko proswpo, opws me symmetoxh twn ergazomenwn sto kefalaio twn epixeirhsewn, opws symbainei se 10.000 epixeirhseis stis HPA, opoy 10 ek. ergazomenoi pairnoyn enan deytero misqo apo tis metoxes toys. Oxi me xryses symfwnies eqeloysias ejodoy, opws ston OLP, opoy anqrwpoi poy plhrwnontai me 80-150.000 eyrw, (perissotera apb ton idio ton Prwqypoyrgo) epibarynoyn ton Proypologismo me 81 ek. eyrw gia na paroyn 250.000 eyrw, thn idia wra poy h kybernhsh peta toys symbasioyxoys kai toys ergazomenoys sta steitz. Eikosipente oloklhra xronia qa xreiastoyn gia na paroyn oi teleytaioi, me toys misqoys twn 400-700 eyrw, o,ti pairnoyn oi xrysoi syndikalistes toy PASOK ston OLP kai alloys dhmosioys organismoys'' parathrhse o kos Kefalogiannhs.

Telos, o genikos eishghths ths ND, proteine mia ``koinoboyleytikh epanastash'' gia mia allagh Syntagmatos - ``thn eklogh mias Syntaktikhs Boylhs ths 4hs Ellhnikhs Dhmokratias, poy qa anatrecei oles tis arthriosklhrwseis toy systhmatos kai oles tis paqogeneies''.

Agorhths KKE:"Sthnetai skhniko ekfobismoy toy laoy"

``Janazoyme to idio ergo. Nea Dhmokratia kai PASOK, skiamaxoyn enw exoyn thn idia tajikh politikh'' anefere sthn omilia toy o eidikos agorhths toy KKE, Aggelos Tzekhs.

Kata ton k. Tzekh, tis meres aytes ``sthnetai ena skhniko tromokrathshs kai ekfobismoy toy laoy, me skopo na apodexqei adiamartyrhta oles tis antidrastikes metarryqmiseis poy qa periorisoyn ta dikaiwmata toy''. Apo to 2000 mexri shmera, to megalo kefalaio exei sysswreysei sth xwra mas panw apo 140 dis eyrw, me th bohqeia epixorhghsewn, anaptyjiakwn nomwn klp.. ``Den xreiazetai na eisai spoydagmenos sto Gehl, h sta Xarbarnt, gia na katalabeis pws aitia ths krishs einai h ypersysswreysh twn kerdwn kai o tropos anaptyjhs'' anefere o eishghths toy KKE. Gia ta dyo megalytera kommata wstoso, ``den yparxoyn oi polyeqnikes, ta monopwlia kai to megalo kefalaio, alla o ergazomenos twn 700 kai twn 1000 eyrw, oi symbasioyxoi, oi mikroepaggelmaties, oi mikrobiotexnes, oi ergazomenoi se ergolaboys, se grafeia enoikiashs, sygxrono doylemporio poy seis sthsate apo to 1998''.

``H kybernhsh prospaqei na apofygei ton laiko jeshkwmo gia ta antilaika metra poy prokeitai na parei, legontas pws h aysthrh epithrhsh qetei se kindyno thn eqnikh kyriarxia. Qeloyn thn synainesh, wste meta thn krish to eyrwenwsiako kefalaio na dwsei th maxh gia megalytera kerdh. Omws me th Synqhkh toy Maastrixt, ekxwrhqhkan kyriarxika dikaiwmata ths xwras kai toy laoy se organa ths E.E., opws kai me NATO. Allwste, o shmerinos Prwqypoyrgos eipe tote, ws ypoyrgos Ejwterikwn, pws ``den exoyme tampoy gia thn ekxwrhsh dikaiwmatwn se organa ths E.E.''. Einai ypokritiko na qeteis shmera qema eqnikhs kyriarxias'' parathrhse o boyleyths toy KKE.

O kos Tzekhs, ypotimhse epishs tis kybernhtikes epidoseis sthn xrhmatodothsh ths Paideias, legontas pws ``h diafora ths se sxesh me persi, den einai 1 dis, alla monon 160 ek. eyrw - kai ws pososto epi toy AEP, idia me ekeino toy 2009. Oso gia thn ygeia kai thn pronoia, oi ejaggelies gia proslhceis giatrwn kai noshleytikoy proswpikoy diaceydontai, kaqws oi sxetikoi poroi arkoyn monaxa gia 1610 noshleytes kai gia oyte enan giatro''.

Eishghths LA.O.S.:"Sth logikh mastigioy kai karotoy"

O genikos eishghths toy LAOS Kwstas Aibaliwths, xarakthrise ton proypologismo toy 2010, ws to ``fantasma akrothtas noymero 2'' poy erxetai, opws eipe, ws synexeia toy persinoy poy eixe kataqesei h kybernhsh ths ND.

``Elaxista diaferoyn metajy toys oi proypologismoi twn dyo kommatwn. Gia toys Ellhnes, exoyn katanthsei na einai seira efialtikwn tainiwn tromoy'', shmeiwse xarakthristika.

O k Aibaliwths, yposthrije oti kai se ayto to neo proypologismo toy PASOK, den yparxei oyte dikaih katanomh forwn, oyte koinwnikh dikaiosynh, alla einai sth logikh toy mastigioy kai toy karotoy.

``To karoto einai h yposxesh gia th meiwsh toy elleimmatos, kai to mastigio ta 400 eyrw poy xrewnete ton kaqe Ellhna'', tonise kai prosqese:

``Den yparxoyn aisiodoja mhnymata gia toys Ellhnes xamhlomisqoys kai toys xamhlosyntajioyxoys. Yparxoyn omws mhnymata stoys dieqneis xrhmatopistwtikoys oikoys, poy gia to komma mas, einai toso ajiopistoi oso einai kai oi ellhnikes dhmoskophseis''.

Sth synexeia, o k Aibaliwths kathgorhse to PASOK oti exei dyo oceis, allh otan einai antipoliteysh kai ejapolyei mydroys gia thn politikh ths ND kai allh otan einai kybernhsh kai efarmozei thn idia antilaikh politikh.

``Sto PASOK, opws kai sth ND, to mono poy skefteste einai ta xaratsia. Gia esas einai monodromos ayth h logikh. Ayta einai ta dyo skelh toy dikommatismoy. Dikommatismos AE'', epeshmane me emfash.

``Ton neo proypologismo ton xarakthrizei h atolmia, oi foromphxtikes politikes, den exei orama kai anaptyjiakh prooptikh. H kybernhsh toy PASOK epilegei thn eykolh lysh toy xaratsioy kai ths foroepidromhs. Einai enas proypologismos ths mizerias kai ths ypanaptyjhs gia ayto ton katachfizoyme'', katelhje o genikos eishghths toy LAOS.

Eishghths SYRIZA:"H kybernhsh ektelestiko organo twn agorwn"

O genikos eishghths toy SYRIZA Panagiwths Lafazanhs kathgorhse thn kybernhsh gia aqethsh twn proeklogikwn ths desmeysewn tonizontas oti ``allo proypologismo kateqese sth Boylh kai allo anakoinwse sthn thleorash toy Bloomberg, organoy twn dieqnwn kefalaiagorwn''.

``H kybernhsh sas exei ginei fyllo kai ftero sta xeria ths dieqnoys kerdoskopias, kai exei metatrapei se ektelestiko organo twn ypagoreysewn twn agorwn. Panikoblhtoi lambanete metra me thn apeilh ths ypobaqmishs apo toys dieqneis oikoys ajiologhshs kai oxi me bash to dhmosio symferon kai tis opoies proeklogikes sas desmeyseis'', shmeiwse xarakthristika o k Lafazanhs.

Parallhla yposthrije oti ton proypologismo ths Elladas diamorfwnoyn ``oi dieqneis kefalaiagores,oi dieqneis oikoi ajiologhshs , oi trapezikoi kai xrhmatisthriakoi kykloi toy Londinoy enw apofasizei h Eyrwpaikh Kentrikh Trapeza.

``Exete metatrapei sto ektelestiko xeri twn ypagoreysewn twn agorwn'', prosqese enw emfash edwse sthn eisodhmatikh politikh yposthrizontas oti xtypaei toys xamhlomisqoys kai xamhlosyntajioyxoys me dramatikh syrriknwsh twn katwterwn syntajewn, kai oti ``einai h teleia syntagh epideinwshs ths yfeshs kai katastrofhs''.

Akoma, ekane logo gia ``foroepidromh sta laika strwmata'', gia ``xaristikh bolh ths dhmosias koinwnikhs asfalishs'' kai gia ``koinwnikh lehlasia''.

Telos epeshmane oti ``thn eyqynh gia th dhmosionomikh krish kai ta ychla elleimmata exoyn ND kai PASOK poy akoloyqoyn thn idia antilaikh politikh kai briskoyn panta ena eykolo alla anoysio pedio antiparaqeshs''.

Eidikoi eishghtes

O kos Polatidhs apedwse thn krish sto ``parasitiko oikonomiko montelo poy odhghse sto elleimma'' - ena oikonomiko montelo to opoio yperaspisthkan oi ``pagkosmiopoihtes'', basizomeno sthn pistwtikh epektash. ``Panakeia qewrhqhke h eisodos ths Elladas sthn eyrwzwnh, poy erije to kostos toy daneismoy, alla oxi kai to synoliko kefalaio twn daneiwn''. H lysh sto problhma, brisketai ston epanakaqorismo twn stoxwn ths oikonomias, ``me prosfygh asteireytes dynameis toy ellhnismoy kai oxi me parakalia stoys jenoys''.

O kos Papadhmoylhs qewrhse diproswph thn stash ths kybernhshs (``alla leme sto ejwteriko gia na ejeymenisoyme tis agores kai thn Komision ki alla sto eswteriko, gia ta chfalakia'' sxoliase) kai proteine eswteriko daneismo ths, me ekdosh entokwn grammatiwn toy Dhmosioy - ``laika omologa me epitokio kataqesews megalytero apo to trapeziko kai me epitokio xorhghsews gia to kratos, mikrotero apb ayto poy daneizetai apb tis trapezes''.

``O Proypologismos den qa einai o telikos. Ta idia ta stelexh ths omologoyn pws einai ``metabatikos'' kai qa allajei epi to dysmenesteron, isws arketa epi to dysmenesteron'' anefere sthn omilia toy o eidikos agorhths ths Neas Dhmokratias, Q. Karaogloy.

O kos Karaogloy ypenqymise pws o ypoyrgos Oikonomikwn, ws boyleyths ths antipoliteyshs eixe xarakthrisei adikh thn epibolh emmeswn forwn, stoys opoioys probainei twra h kybernhsh - pota, tsigara, kaysima kai eidikoi foroi sthn kinhth thlefwnia, poy to PASOK eixe desmeytei na katarghsei. ``Se periodo oikonomikhs krishs, den straggalizoyme ta noikokyria poy xaropaleyoyn me foroepidromes kai forokataigides. Antiqeta, prospaqoyme na toys sthrijoyme, na elafrynoyme thn qesh twn mikromesaiwn epixeirhsewn gia na mhn toys odhghsoyme se loyketa. Emeis eyxomaste apo mesa apb thn kardia mas, na kinhqeite sthn kateyqynsh ths rizikhs antimetwpishs ths forodiafyghs poy anerxetai se 25 dis eyrw symfwna me OOSA'' anefere o eishghths ths ND.

[02] Kykloforiako komfoyzio sth Larisa

To megalytero problhma entopizetai kyriws sthn elleich eparkoys shmanshs, alla kai sto gegonos oti prepei na ginoyn diorqwtikes parembaseis sta odostrwmata twn dromwn poy xrhsimopoioyntai.

Parallhla, yparxei panta o astaqmhtos paragontas twn kairikwn synqhkwn poy qa paijei to diko toy rolo sth diamorfwsh ths kinhshs alla kai thn asfaleia ths.

Xqes, o genikos grammateas Ypodomwn G. Oikonomidhs, synodeyomenos apo yphresiakoys paragontes, periodeyse se oles tis proteinomenes diadromes prokeimenoy na diapistwsei epitopoy ta problhmata poy yparxoyn kai tis diorqwtikes parembaseis poy prepei na ginoyn. Enw, h enisxysh ths shmanshs jekinhse hdh apo tis emplekomenes sto ergo etaireies kai qa synexistei.

Idiaitero problhma paroysiasthke sth diadromh mesw twn paraliwn toy N. Larisas, h opoia proorizetai monon gia IX, alla, kata thn xqesinh mera perasan kai megala oxhmata me apotelesma kai na ``frakaroyn'' alla kai na ``xanontai'' logw ths ellipoys shmanshs mesa stoys oikismoys.

Ayto ypoxrewse polloys katoikoys ths perioxhs na ekteloyn xreh ``troxonomoy'', prokeimenoy na aposymforhqei h kykloforia.

Thn idia wra, problhmata kykloforiakhs symforhshs paroysiazontai kai mesa sthn polh ths Elassonas, h opoia den parakamptetai perifereiaka giati den yparxei dromos.

Gia ta megala oxhmata pantws -kyriws forthga- proteinetai kai mia akomh diadromh mesw Trikalwn kai apo ekei sthn Egnatia odo, h opoia einai akomh megalyterh xiliometrika alla ypo kalyteres odikes synqhkes.

Telos ston Nomo Larisas sta diodia yparxei eleyqerh dieleysh.

[03] Anoikta shmera ta katasthmata

Thn Pempth 24 toy mhna kai paramonh Xristoygennwn kai thn Pempth 31 Dekembrioy, paramonh Prwtoxronias qa einai anoikta apo tis 9 to prwi mexri tis 6 to apogeyma.

Thn Paraskeyh 25 Dekembrioy, Sabbato 26 toy mhna kai Kyriakh 27 toy mhna ta katasthmata qa parameinoyn kleista kai epishs kleista qa einai ta katasthmata kai to Sabbato 2 Ianoyarioy 2010, logw ths apasxolhshs toy proswpikoy kata thn Kyriakh 20 Dekembrioy 2009.

Apo th Deytera 4 Ianoyarioy 2010, epanerxetai to xeimerino wrario poy akoloyqeitai apo ta katasthmata poy anhkoyn sthn embeleia twn kata topoys Emporikwn Syllogwn Lekanopedioy Attikhs.

Sta perysina epipeda qa diamorfwqei to xristoygenniatiko trapezi symfwna me tis ektimhseis toy ypoyrgeioy Oikonomias Antagwnistikothtas kai Naytilias kai h problech toy sxetika me thn posostiaia metabolh twn timwn metajy 2008 kai 2009 problepei meiwsh kostoys kata -0,79%. Dhladh fetos ektimatai oti mia mesh oikogeneia qa diaqesei 153,68 eyrw enw perysi eixe diaqesei 154,91 eyrw.

[04] Fonikh kakokairia sthn Eyrwph

O 46xronos andras breqhke nekros sthn polh Manxaim. Eixe katafygei se ena prwhn kentro dialoghs allhlografias kai epese na koimhqei sto tsimentenio patwma alla, symfwna me thn topikh astynomia, den anteje sto poliko kryo

H xamhloterh qermokrasia katagrafhke sthn koinothta Foyntenzee ths Bayarias. Kata th diarkeia ths hmeras pantws stis perissoteres megales poleis ths xwras h qermokrasia kymainotan gyrw stoys -10 baqmoys: -11 sto Berolino, to Monaxo kai to Rostok, -14 sth Leicia, th Stoytgkardh kai th Nyrembergh, -12 sth Frankfoyrth kai thn Kolwnia.

To Berolino exei kalyfqei apo ena strwma xionioy kai oi toyristes poy den pronohsan na exoyn mazi toys xontra royxa eixan katafygei se staqmoys toy metro kai se kafeteries gia na zestaqoyn.

H metewrologikh yphresia problepei oti oi xionoptwseis qa synexistoyn thn Kyriakh kai thn Deytera.

To "pio kryo sabbatokyriako toy xronoy" zei h Italia, me akraies kairikes synqhkes poy odhghsan sto qanato enos anqrwpoy kai se sobara problhmata sto sidhrodromiko diktyo kai ta dromologia twn aeroplanwn.

Ena treno sth grammh Sasari-Kilibani ths Sardhnias ektroxiasthke me apotelesma na skotwqei o mhxanodhgos toy. Oi katarraktwdeis broxes poy shmeiwnontai tis teleytaies hmeres sto nhsi exoyn prokalesei katolisqhseis stis sidhrodromikes grammes.

Polla aerodromia, opws ayta ths Flwrentias, ths Mpolonias, ths Rwmhs kai ths Benetias, ekleisan ejaitias ths pyknhs xionoptwshs. Diakophkan epishs ta dromologia twn ploiwn pros ta nhsia ths perioxhs ths Kampanias kai ths Sikelias.

Telos, logw toy xionioy kai toy kryoy, anablhqhkan polloi podosfairikoi agwnes.

Panw apo dyo xiliades tajidiwtes perasan th nyxta ths Paraskeyhs pros Sabbato mplokarismenoi mesa sto toynel ths Magxhs, orismenoi xwris trofh kai nero, pagwmenoi apo to kryo --logw ths blabhs kai twn pente trenwn ths Eurostar poy ofeilontai stis ejairetika mikres qermokrasies-- prin kataferoyn na ftasoyn ston proorismo toys.

Orismenoi tajidiwtes ekana kai panw apo 15 wres gia na apegklwbistoyn apo to toynel afoy ta pente trena poy ekteloyn to dromologio Parisi -Londino akinhtopoihqhkan me blabes logw toy pyknoy xionioy sto boreio tmhma ths Gallias kai to anoigma toy toynel ginotan stadiaka kai me megalh dyskolia.

[05] H istoria toy loykoymioy sto perasma toy xronoy

O qrylos leei oti bŠ

H istoria toy toyrkikoy loykoymioy, aytoy poy oi agglosajwnes onomazoyn ``Turkish Delight'', anagetai sta telh toy 18oy aiwna. Kata mia ekdoxh, o katagomenos apo to Kastamonoy zaxaroplasths Xatzh Mpekir epinohse to loykoymi otan akoyse to soyltano na fwnazei orgismenos epeidh espase to donti toy apo th sklhrh karamela poy etrwge, kai na apaitei ena malako glyko. Espeyse sto mikro zaxaroplasteio, poy eixe anoijei sto Mpaxtsekapi ths Kwnstantinoypolhs, erije mesa sto kazani nero, zaxarh, aleyri, kitriko ojy kai rodonero kai arxise na to anakateyei gia wres oloklhres mexri poy egine ena diafano, kollwdes meigma, to opoio exyse panw se mia epipedh epifaneia aleimmenh me amygdalelaio, kai to afhse na krywsei. Ystera, to ekoce se mikra kommatakia, mia mpoykia to kaqena, kai ta paspalise me zaxarh. Dokimase to glyko, htan malako kai eykolomashto. Eixe ``gennhqei'' to perifhmo raxat loykoym poy xarise to ajiwma toy arxizaxaroplasth toy Palatioy ston Xatzh Mpekir.

Kata mia allh ekdoxh, o soyltanos Ampntoyl Xamint o A', mhn antexontas thn gkrinia twn gynaikwn toy kai twn ekatontadwn pallakidwn poy eixe sto xaremi toy, kalese sto sarai toy Top Kapi toys kalyteroys zaxaroplastes kai toys zhthse na ftiajoyn ena glyko poy qa glykaine tis gynaikes wste na stamathsoyn tis fwnes kai ta parapona. To loykoymi htan to glyko poy epeleje.

O Xatzh Mpekir

O Xatzh Mpekir jekinhse to 1777 apo to Kastamonoy gia na ftasei sthn Polh gia na anoijei ekei, sto Mpaxtsekapi, ena mikro ergasthrio zaxarwtwn kai loykoymiwn kai na ejelixqei se arxizaxaroplasth toy Palatioy. Thn texnh toy synexise o gios toy, Mexmet Moyxintin efenth, kai o eggonos toy, Ali Moyxintin Xatzh Mpekir. Meta to qanato toy Ali Moyxintin Xatzh Mpekir (apogonoy toy prwtoy Xatzh Mpekir) to 1974, klhronomhsan thn epixeirhsh oi qygateres toy kai th dieyqynsh ths anelabe o gampros toy, Ntogan Saxin. O Saxin anasthlwse to magazi toy Xatzh Mpekir sto Mpaxtsekapi kai shmera einai akribws etsi opws htan otan prwtoanoije.

Anaferomenos sta mystika ths texnhs toy loykoymioy o Ntogan Saxin leei oti h syntagh den einai kati san kratiko mystiko, alla einai qema epaggelmatikoy hqoys, epaggelmatikhs leptothtas , epiloghs twn prwtwn ylwn kai chsimatos. ``H arxh mas einai na throyme thn paradosh kai to epaggelmatiko hqos'', yposthrizei.

O Xatzh Mpekir, symfwna me ton Saxin, xrhsimopoihse arxika akatergasth zaxarh apo zaxarokalamo h meigma melioy me petimezi. To 1811, otan enas Germanos dhmioyrghse to niseste (amylo) o Xatzh Mpekir to xrhsimopoihse gia na antikatasthsei to aleyri poy ebaze sta loykoymia ki etsi toys edwse mia satinenia yfh.

Thn epoxh poy prwtodhmioyrghqhkan ta loykoymia to onoma toys htan ``Raxatoyl Xoylkoym'' poy shmaine "ayto poy anakoyfizei to larygga". To loykoymi proekyce apo thn parafqora ayths ths onomasias. Stis arxes toy 18oy aiwna enas Agglos toyristas agorase apo thn Kwnstantinoypolh loykoymia toy Xatzh Mpekir kai ta metefere sthn Eyrwph. Epeidh den htan eykolo na proferei thn onomasia ``Raxatoyl Xoylkoym'' ta metonomase se ``Turkish Delight''.

Me to perasma toy xronoy h texnologia mphke kai sthn epixeirhsh loykoymiwn Xatzh Mpekir. Toys ergates poy anakateyan epi wres oloklhres me tis koytales ta kazania opoy ebraze to meigma twn loykoymiwn antikatesthsan oi mhxanes, enw h fwtia apo ta jyla poy anaban katw apo ta kazania antikatastaqhke me fwtia apo propanio.

O Xatzh Mpekir egine symbolo mias epoxhs. O Maltezos zwgrafos Pretsiozi apeikonise ton Xatzh Mpekir sto ergo toy ``Zaxaroplasths'', to opoio shmera brisketai sto Moyseio toy Loybroy. Ta loykoymia toy Xatzh Mpekir mphkan sta tragoydia kai stis selides ths logotexnias. ``Kai toy Xatzh Mpekir loykoym o anastenagmos toy'' tragoydoysan oi palaioteroi. H Maria Iordanidoy den pareleice na balei stis selides ths ``Lwjandras'' ta loykoymia toy Xatzh Mpekir, enw h korh toy emirh ths Mekkas prigkipissa Mixmpax Xaintar sto trito kefalaio toy biblioy ths ``Arampesk'' me titlo ``O dhmioyrgos toy toyrkikoy loykoymioy'' anaferetai ston Xatzh Mpekir kai to magazi toy.

Syntoma, to loykoymi jeperase ta synora ths Oqwmanikhs Aytokratorias kai egine to agaphmeno glykisma toy Megaloy Napoleonta kai poly argotera toy Aggloy prwqypoyrgoy Oyinston Tsortsil enw legetai pws o Ispanos zwgrafos Pamplo Pikaso den pernoyse mera xwris na faei ena loykoymi. Apo th gohteia toy loykoymioy den jefyge oyte h perifhmh kinhmatografikh ``Tzilnta'' kai syzygos toy Aga Xan, h Rita Xeigoyorq. Enas Toyrkos dhmosiografos epemene na kanei mia synenteyjh mazi ths, alla antimetwpize th monimh arnhsh ths. Telika, katafere na parei th synenteyjh. Pws; Prosferontas sth Xeigoyorq ena koyti loykoymia. Prosfata, mia paidikh tainia, ``Ta xronika ths Narnia'', ektinaje sta ych tis pwlhseis loykoymioy sth Megalh Bretania, kaqws oloi espeydan na dokimasoyn ayto to glyko me to opoio h Leykh Magissa ths tainias delease ta tessera paidia poy thn polemoysan.

H texnh toy loykoymioy sthn Ellada

Sth xwra mas h texnh toy loykoymioy eftase apo thn Polh stis prwtes dekaeties toy 19oy aiwna. Me to perasma twn xronwn oi Ellhnes loykoymopoioi ebalan kainoyrgia stoixeia sthn klasikh syntagh kai ta loykoymia eginan meros kai ths ellhnikhs paradoshs. Shmera, ta loykoymia paragontai se para polla merh ths Elladas, alla ekeina poy fhmizontai einai ths Syroy, to soytsoyk loykoym ths Komothnhs kai mia parallagh toys oi akanedes twn Serrwn.

Ta loykoymia ths Syroy

Thn texnh toy loykoymioy thn eferan sth Syro apo thn Kwnstantinoypolh Xiwtes texnites oi opoioi prosqesan stis prwtes yles th xiwtikh mastixa. H prwth kazania sth Syro mphke to 1832, enw h prwth epishmh sfragida loykoymopoioy htan toy Stamatelakh kai emfanisthke to 1837.

Legetai pws ekeino poy kanei ta syriana loykoymia monadika einai to yfalmyro nero ths Syroy. Oi biotexnies loykoymiwn, poy htan kyriws oikogeneiakes epixeirhseis, (opws o Syrianos loykoymopoios Antwnhs Leibadaras, o neoteros) anaptyxqhkan sth Syro apo th Mikrasiatikh Katastrofh mexri ta telh ths dekaetias toy '60.

O pappoys kai synonomatos toy Antwnh Leibadara jekinhse na ftiaxnei loykoymia to 1923 kai to 1933 brabeythke sthn Ekqesh Qessalonikhs, enw to 1936 phre brabeio kai sthn Pagkykladikh Ekqesh Paradosiakwn Proiontwn. Sth synexeia, thn texnh toy th synexisan ta paidia toy, Andreas kai Eyaggelos kai shmera ta eggonia toy, Antwnhs kai Basilhs.

``Palia, ta loykoymia ta ftiaxnane se kazania panw sto tzaki kai anakateyan ta ylika me jylines koytales. Argotera, to tzaki to antikatasthse to petrelaio kai shmera xrhsimopoioyme propanio'', leei sto APE-MPE o Antwnhs Leibadaras, poy megalwse anamesa sta loykoymia, kaqws doyleye ta kalokairia sto ergasthrio toy pappoy kai toy patera toy. ``Apo tote'', synexizei, ``h geysh toy loykoymioy poy ftiaxnoyme den allaje. Bebaia, palia yphrxan mono geyseis triantafyllo kai mastixa. Sth synexeia ftiajame loykoymia kai me alles geyseis opws fistiki, sokolata, karydia me meli, indikh karyda, soysami klp. Ekeino poy kanei ta syriana loykoymia diaforetika apo ta alla den einai mono to nero ths Syroy, alla kai to gegonos oti emeis xrhsimopoioyme mazi me to nero kai to amylo zaxarh kai oxi glykozh. Fysika, einai kai h texnh, prepei na eisai synexeia apo panw kai na prosexeis. Alliws einai na ta chneis otan fysaei borias kai alliws otan fysaei notias''. Telos, o Antwnhs Leibadaras apokalyptei pws ena allo mystiko einai oti ejakoloyqei na threi th dosologia poy exei apo th syntagh toy pappoy toy kai na metraei ta ylika se okkades.

Ta soytzoyk loykoym ths Komothnhs

Ta perifhma soytzoyk loykoym ths Komothnhs paraskeyazei shmera sto ergasthrio toy o 29xronos Xasan Xasan. O pateras toy, Mexmet Xasan, jekinhse to 1958 (se hlikia 15 etwn) na maqainei thn texnh toy zaxaroplasth-loykomopoioy. ``Ekeinh thn epoxh'' leei sto APE-MPE o syntajioyxos shmera Mexmet Xasan, ``den yphrxe megalh zhthsh gia loykoymia. Emaqa thn texnh ergazomenos se zaxaroplasteia ths Komothnhs, anamesa sta opoia kai ekeino toy Fexmi. Argotera to 1970 anoija diko moy zaxaroplasteio, alla epeidh to soytzoyk loykoym arxise na exei zhthsh afhsa th zaxaroplastikh kai arxisa na ftiaxnw mono loykoymia''. Ekeino poy kanei to soytsoyk loykoym na diaferei apo ta alla, ejhgei o Mexmet Xasan, einai ta perasmena se spagko karydia poy exei sto eswteriko toy kai fysika h morfh toy poy moiazei me soytzoyki (megalo loykaniko). Gia na to faei kaneis qa prepei prwta na to kocei. ``Ta ylika poy xrhsimopoioyme einai zaxarh, glykozh, nisestes, nero kai karydia, kai fysika h texnikh. To mystiko einai sthn texnikh, alla ayto den mporw na sas to perigracw'', prosqetei o Mexmet Xasan. O gios toy Mexmet, o Xasan Xasan, an kai spoydase plhroforikh, protimhse, opws leei sto APE-MPE, na asxolhqei me thn epixeirhsh toy patera toy. ``Emaqa pws ftiaxnontai ta loykoymia apo poly mikros, kaqws ta kalokairia doyleya sto ergasthrio toy patera moy. To soytzoyk loykoym to eftiaxnan anekaqen sthn Komothnh, den jerw apo pote, alla o pateras moy beltiwse th syntagh. Otan bghke sth syntajh anelaba egw thn epixeirhsh kai me thn idia syntagh ftiaxnoyme kai shmera ta soytzoyk loykoym kai ta diaqetoyme se olh thn Ellada'', leei o Xasan Xasan.

Oi akanedes Serrwn

Mia parallagh twn loykoymiwn einai oi akanedes twn Serrwn. Ektos apo zaxarh, niseste kai nero periexoyn kai boytyro. O Aristeidhs Roympos, paidi prosfygikhs oikogeneias, emaqe na ftiaxnei akanedes apo toys Toyrkoys poy ekeinh thn epoxh zoysan sto Lailia kai anoije magazi to 1927. ``Mikro paidi akomh epairne thn tabla me toys akanedes ki ebgaine na toys poylhsei sto staqmo twn trenwn. Eixe ftiajei mia paragka dipla sto spiti ki ekei toys eftiaxne. Ap' ayton maqame thn texnh egw ki o adelfos moy, o Dhmhtrhs'', dihgeitai o Kwnstantinos Roympos, gios toy Aristeidh. Thn texnh th synexizoyn shmera stis Serres ta eggonia Aristeidh Roympoy, Giwrgos kai Aristeidhs oi opoioi ftiaxnoyn kaqhmerina freskoys akanedes poy toys poyloyn mono lianikws sto magazi toys.

``To mystiko twn akanedwn einai to boytyro kai fysika h texnh sto chsimo kai to brasimo. Xrhsimopoioyme epishs niseste kai zaxarh poy pairnoyme apo to ergostasio zaxarews'', ejhgei o Kwnstantinos Roympos poy arxise na ftiaxnei akanedes apo thn hlikia twn 15 etwn. An kai syntajioyxos, pleon, latreyei thn texnh toy kai gi' ayto jypnaei apo tis 6.30 to prwi gia na anacei ta kazania. ``Palia, ta pragmata htan dyskola. Eprepe na anacoyme na karboyna kai na anakateyoyme gia wres oloklhres me to xeri. Apo to '80 kai meta arxisame na xrhsimopoioyme reyma kai mhxanhma gia na anakateyei to meigma. Ola ayta einai megalh eykolia, omws palia to boytyro htan apo zwa poy eboskan xortari, to brazame kai mosxoboloyse. Shmera, ta zwa ektrefontai se kthnotrofikes monades kai trefontai me zwotrofes gi' ayto ki exei allajei kai h geysh kai h myrwdia toy boytyroy. H syntagh toy akane einai h idia me ayth poy xrhsimopoioyse o pateras moy, alla to boytyro den einai pia ayto poy htan'', ejhgei o Kwnstantinos Roympos.

Oso gia thn onomasia toy akane, qymatai pws o pateras toy elege oti oi Toyrkoi ton elegan ``xakane xelba'' (s.s. piqanon na proerxetai apo to xakan poy toyrkika shmainei prigkipas, na htan dhladh o xalbas toy prigkipa) kai sth synexeia apo parafqora egine akanes.

Keimeno: A. Fwtopoyloy

[06] Epanafora ths listas

H syzhthsh egine me thn eykairia ths epikeimenhs kataqeshs apo to ypoyrgeio Oikonomias tropologias me thn opoia epanerxetai to kaqestws ths listas farmakwn.

H ypoyrgos Oikonomias Loyka Katselh tonise oti ``h katastash me thn farmakeytikh dapanh einai tragikh'' kai ayjhqhke kata 120% ta teleytaia tria xronia, oti oi times twn farmakwn einai ychloteres se sxesh me alles xwres, enw den parakoloyqoyntai oi syntagografhseis. Prosqese oti me thn tropologia qa teqoyn apo thn politikh hgesia ta krithria katartishs ths neas listas apo epitroph toy EOF.

H ypoyrgos Ygeias Mariliza Jenogiannakopoyloy eipe apo thn pleyra ths oti, h ``mayrh trypa'', dhladh to synoliko xreos twn nosokomeiwn stoys promhqeytes farmakwn einai 6,3 dis., apo ta opoia ofeilontai sta nosokomeia apo ta asfalistika tameia 2,5 dis.

H ypoyrgos paradexqhke oti h efarmogh ths listas prin thn katarghsh ths eixe polla problhmata kai kyriws ``paraqyra'' katastrathghshs kyriws ``me thn anarxh syntagografhsh kai thn palinwdia sthn timologhsh'', alla thn katastrathghsh me thn aqroa syntagografhsh ``anantikatastatwn'' dhqen farmakwn.

Symplhrwse oti para tis ejaggelies ths prohgoymenhs kybernhshs den eixe oyte kan ypografei h aparaithth koinh ypoyrgikh apofash gia th diekdikhsh toy 4% apo ton ethsio tziro twn farmakobiomhxaniwn poy proeblepe to nomosxedio poy katargoyse th lista to 2005.

Diabebaiwse, telos, oti me tis asfalistikes dikleides poy qa teqoyn sthn telikh ryqmish poy qa katateqei ton Ianoyario, den qa epanalhfqoyn laqh toy parelqontos.

O ypoyrgos Apasxolhshs Andreas Loberdos ypologise oti me ton hlektroniko elegxo ths syntagografhshs qa ejoikonomei monon to IKA 250 ek. ethsiws, poso poy qa diplasiastei, otan mpoyn kai ta ypoloipa asfalistika tameia sto hlektroniko systhma.

``H katastash eftase sto mh peraiterw, sto roya mat. To synolo dapanwn sta idiwtika farmakeia jepernoyn ta 4,5 dis, otan sto Belgio me 500.000 ligoteroys katoikoys einai ligotero apo 2,5 dis. Oi ayjhseis ta tessera teleytaia xronia einai 10%, 10%, 13% kai 25%, otan sth Germania einai 5.5% kai stis HPA 6,5% antistoixws'', symplhrwse o ypoyrgos.

Me epifylajeis ws arnhsh antimetwpisan thn epanafora ths listas agorhtes ths ND. O prwhn ypoyrgos Anaptyjhs Kwsths Xatzhdakhs, shmeiwse oti prwtoboylia ths kybernhshs ths ND htan o hlektronikos elegxos ths syntagografhs:

``H lista exei dokimastei kai yparxoyn polloi kai mesa sto PASOK poy ekfrazoyn antirrhseis. Emeis den symfwnoyme na sas dwsoyme leykh epitagh'', eipe o k.Xatzhdakhs, poy antiproteine orizontia meiwsh twn timwn twn farmakwn kata 10% kai apeleyqerwsh ths agoras twn ``genosimwn farmakwn'' (twn antigrafwn prwtotypwn).

Apokleistika dhmosio systhma, alla kai dhmosia paragwgh kai dwrean diaqesh twn farmakwn, antiproteine o eishghths toy KKE Xaralampos Xaralampoys, ypogrammizontas oti ``h lista eytelisthke monh ths kyriws me ta ``anantikatastata''.

-To kratos prepei na eisprajei ta 350 ekatommyria eyrw poy toy ofeiloyn oi farmakobiomhxanies, shmeiwse o agorhths toy LAOS Asterios Rontoylhs, enw o ypoyrgos Apasxolhshs apantwntas se sxetiko erwthma toy boyleyth ths ND Giwrgoy Karasmanh eipe oti einai zhthma ebdomadwn na bgei h sxetikh apofash toy Symboylioy Epikrateias. O k. Rontoylhs taxqhke yper ths listas twn ``genosimwn farmakwn'' apo thn opoia qa prepei na syntagografoyn oi giatroi.

O eishghths toy SYRIZA Qeodwros Dritsas tonise oti h kyriarxia toy emporikoy krithrioy einai poy ektinaje tis times twn farmakwn kai proteine h organwsh ths diakinhshs toy farmakoy na ginei apokleistika apo to ypoyrgeio Ygeias, enw na prosexqei poly h stelexwsh ths epitrophs katartishs ths listas.

H tropologia ths listas anamenetai na katateqei sth Boylh stis arxes ths epomenhs ebdomadas. Qa katateqoyn akomh: tropologia poy qa metaqetei ena xrono argotera, thn 1/1/1011, thn efarmogh ths stadiakhs ayjhshs twn oriwn hlikias syntajiodothshs stis gynaikes me anhlika paidia poy problepei to asfalistiko nomosxedio ths ND, kaqws kai allh tropologia gia toys naytikoys kai ton OLP.

[07] Mh desmeytikh symfwnia

O Mparak Ompama xarakthrise ikanopoihtikh th symfwnia, h Kina ekane logo gia qetikh ejelijh, enw oi Eyrwpaioi hgetes dhlwsan pws qa hqelan perissotera. Apo thn pleyra toys oi perissoteres anaptyssomenes xwres tonisan oti de qa symbalei sthn antimetwpish ths yperqermanshs toy planhth.

"Ayto poy kataferame na symfwnhsoyme ypoleipetai apo tis prosdokies mas, alla...htan h monh diaqesimh symfwnia", eipe o proedros ths Eyrwpaikhs Epitrophs Zoze Manoyel Mparozo.H Eyrwpaikh Enwsh symfwnhse distaktika na ypogracei th symfwnia, h opoia symfwna me toys empneystes ths qa antikatasthsei to prwtokollo toy Kioto (1997).

Oi periballontikes organwseis yphrjan akoma pio aysthres gia th symfwnia ths diaskechs, h opoia "mageireythke" thn teleytaia stigmh anamesa stis HPA, thn Kina, thn India, th Brazilia kai th Notio Afrikh.

"H Kopegxagh yphrje mia ajioqrhnhth apotyxia. Den apodoqhke dikaiosynh", dhlwse o epikefalhs ths dieqnoys periballontikhs organwshs Filoi ths Ghs. H Grinpis kai h WWF yphrjan ejisoy epikritikes gia th diaskech poy eixe gennhsei toses elpides.

"H ekbash ths diaskechs ths Kopegxaghs exei toso megales trypes, wste qa mporoyse na tis diasxisei kaneis me to (aeroplano toy amerikanoy proedroy) Air Force One", parathrhse o notioafrikanos epikefalhs ths Gkrinpis Koymi Naintoy, o opoios dhlwse "baqeia apogohteymenos".

Yperaspizomenoi th symfwnia ths Kopegxaghs amerikanikoi politikoi kykloi epanelaban th dhlwsh toy Ompama oti h symfwnia ekane apodekth thn ekklhsh toy episthmonikoy kosmoy na diathhqei h qermokrasia toy planhth sto anwtato epipedo twn 2 baqmwn Kelsioy panw apo ta pro-biomhxanika epipeda.

Ypogrammisan epishs oti h symfwnia prosferei stis ftwxes xwres gyrw sta 30 dis. dolaria ws to 2012 kai ws 100 dis. dolaria ethsiws ws to 2020 gia na antimetwpisoyn thn klimatikh allagh, diathrwntas parallhla th dynamikh twn dieqnwn diaboyleysewn kai tis elpides ws thn epomenh diaskech koryfhs poy qa pragmatopoihqei sto Mejiko ton epomeno xrono.

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