[01] "Aisiodojia gia symfwnia"

"Eimai enqarrymenos kai aisiodojos. Perimenw mia eniaia symfwnia sth diaskech ths Kopegxaghs, h opoia qa isxysei amesa kai qa perilambanei sygkekrimenes systaseis gia ta metra gia na periorisoyme tis epiptwseis ths yperqermanshs toy planhth kai thn prosarmogh se ayth", dhlwse o gg toy OHE, kata th diarkeia syntomhs synanthshs me dhmosiografoys.

O k. Mpan prosqese oti to skandalo toy "climategate" den amfisbhtei ta episthmonika stoixeia gia thn pragmatikothta ths yperqermanshs. "Tipota den exei apokalyfqei dhmosiws poy na dhmioyrgei amfibolia gia ta qemeliwdh episthmonika stoixeia poy apodeiknyoyn thn yperqermansh toy planhth", anefere akomh o gg toy OHE.

Me diapragmateyseis texnikoy xarakthra arxisan shmera (deyterh hmera) oi ergasies ths diaskechs ths Kopegxaghs, enisxymenes apo thn anakoinwsh ths Amerikanikhs Yphresias Prostasias toy Periballontos (EPA) h opoia kaqista kindyno gia th dhmosia ygeia thn ekpomph aeriwn poy prokaloyn to fainomeno toy qermokhpioy.

Oi ekproswpoi 193 xwrwn, poy exoyn sygkentrwqei sthn Kopegxagh me stoxo thn epiteyjh dieqnoys symfwnias gia thn antimetwpish ths klimatikhs allaghs, arxisan shmera se epimeroys omades thn epejergasia qematwn opws h apocilwsh twn daswn, h xrhmatodothsh ths prosarmoghs sthn klimatikh allagh h oi mhxanismoi epalhqeyshs ths thrhshs twn desmeysewn twn xwrwn.

"Kata th diarkeia twn epomenwn triwn h tessarwn hmerwn qa ejaskhqoyme sto jekaqarisma toy edafoys", dhlwse shmera dytikos diapragmateyths.

H anakoinwsh ths Amerikanikhs Yphresias Prostasias toy Periballontos egine dekth me ikanopoihsh sthn Kopegxagh.

"Ayto qa symbalei sto na peisoyme toys ekproswpoys kai toys parathrhtes allwn xwrwn oti oi HPA einai apofasismenes na xrhsimopoihsoyn ola ta mesa poy exoyn sth diaqesh toys", sxoliase o Nteibint Ntonigker, ths amerikanikhs Mh Kybernhtikhs Organwshs (MKO) National Resources Defense Council.

Gia th Greenpeace, h apofash ayth apotelei "shmantiko mhnyma" sth diaskech ths Kopegxaghs. Shmainei oti o proedros Ompama mporei na analabei drash, opoia kai an einai h apofash toy Kongkresoy gia th meiwsh twn ekpompwn aeriwn".

H qermoterh dekaetia

H fetinh xronia qa einai piqanotata h pempth pio zesth poy exei katagrafei pote kai h prwth dekaetia aytoy toy aiwna qa einai h pio zesth apo tote poy arxisan na throyntai metewrologika arxeia, anakoinwse shmera sthn Kopegxagh o Pagkosmios Metewrologikos Organismos (WMO).

H pio zesth xronia htan to 1998 kai ofeilotan se shmantiko baqmo sto metewrologiko fainomeno El Ninio, to opoio ayjanei afysika th qermokrasia ston anatoliko Eirhniko Wkeano kai mporei na epiferei eyryteres anastatwseis ston kairo pagkosmiws.

Ena neo fainomeno El Ninio anaptyxqhke fetos kai ejhgei en merei thn anodo twn qermokrasiwn. To 2008 htan h 11h pio zesth xronia.

O Genikos Grammateas toy WMO Misel Zaro ekane tis parapanw anakoinwseis dieykrinizontas oti ta oristika apotelesmata qa anakoinwqoyn to Martio toy 2010.

Erwthqeis sxetika me tis prognwseis toy gia ta epomena xronia, o Zaro arnhqhke na kanei opoiadhpote prognwsh gia kaqe epomeno etos jexwrista. "Yparxei mia tash anodoy ths qermokrasias, den exoyme amfibolia gi' ayto, alla den mporw na kanw probleceis gia thn epomenh xronia", ejhghse.

H metewrologikh yphresia ths Bretanias dhmosiopoihse shmera dedomena poy sygkentrwqhkan apo ekatontades staqmoys ths, poy apodeiknyoyn th shmantikh ayjhsh ths qermokrasias sthn epifaneia toy planhth ta teleytaia 150 xronia.

Symfwna me ta dedomena, poy sygkentrwqhkan apo 1500 staqmoys ths metewrologikhs yphresias ths Bretanias se olo ton kosmo, h qermokrasia sthn epifaneia toy planhth ayjhqhke kata 0,15 baqmoys Kelsioy apo ta mesa ths dekaetias toy 1970.

"H mesh qermokrasia ston kosmo ayjhqhke kata th diarkeia toy teleytaioy aiwna kai h yperqermansh egine me grhgoro ryqmo idiaiterws apo th dekaetia toy 1970", dhlwse o Piter Skot, stelexos ths metewrologikhs yphresias.

H ayjhsh twn "akraiwn kairikwn fainomenwn" exei prokalesei peripoy 600.000 qanatoys kai shmantikh oikonomikh zhmia tis dyo teleytaies dekaeties, symfwna me ereyna poy dhmosieythke sto periqwrio ths dieqnoys diaskechs gia to klima sthn Kopegxagh.

To Mpagklantes, h Mianmar kai h Ondoyra exoyn "plhgei perissotero" thn periodo 1990 me 2008, symfwna me ton katalogo Global Climate Risk ths etaireias Germanwatch.

Sthn ereyna ypologizetai oti oi zhmies se pagkosmio epipedo poy proklhqhkan apo kairika fainomena, opws tropikes kataigides, plhmmyres, jhrasia kai anemostrobiloi, ftanoyn ta 1,7 trisekatommyria dolaria metajy 1990 kai 2008.

H megalyterh katastrofh sto Mpagklantes katagrafhke to 1991, otan to 80% twn qanatwn ekeinhs ths xronias proklhqhke apo enan kyklwna, alla "h xwra plhttetai synexws apo akraia kairika fainomena", anaferetai sthn ereyna.

H Mianmar brisketai sthn deyterh qesh ths katatajhs ejaitias toy kyklwna Nargkis poy to 2008 prokalese ton qanato 85.000 anqrwpwn.

H Ondoyra katatassetai trith me ton tyfwna Mits poy thn eplhje to 1998 na xarakthrizetai apo thn ereyna ws mia "tromerh" katastrofh.

Oi pio ftwxes, anaptyssomenes xwres ephreazontai perissotero apo thn klimatikh allagh, symfwna me thn ereyna, poy zhta apo thn Kopegxagh na katalhjei se mia filodojh symfwnia poy qa perilambanei kai oikonomikh bohqeia.

H Kopegxagh einai h pio "prasinh" polh

H Kopegxagh einai h pio "prasinh" polh metajy 30 eyrwpaikwn mhtropolewn poy ypoblhqhkan sto oikologiko test poy egine gia logariasmo ths germanikhs etaireias Siemens, enw h Aqhna katatassetai sthn 22h qesh kai to Kiebo sthn teleytaia.

H prwteyoysa ths Danias phre 87,31 pontoys, enw h Aqhna 53,09 kai to Kiebo molis 32,33 symfwna me thn ereyna poy egine apo to Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), mia etaireia ereynwn toy bretanikoy periodikoy The Economist, kai dhmosieyqhke shmera sto periqwrio ths dieqnoys Diaskechs gia to Klima poy ginetai sthn Kopegxagh.

H Stokxolmh (86,56), to Oslo (83,98), h Bienh (83,34) kai to Amsterntam (83,03) briskontai amesws meta thn Kopegxagh sthn katatajh poy lambanei ypoch 30 deiktes, poy basizontai se epishma stoixeia, metajy aytwn h posothta diojeidioy toy anqraka poy eklyetai sthn atmosfaira apo toys katoikoys ths kaqe polhs, to pososto anakyklwshs, h xrhsh meswn mazikhs metaforas kai h periballontikh politikh twn dhmwn.

To Berolino brisketai sthn 8h qesh (79,01), akoloyqoyn oi Bryjelles (78,01), to Parisi (73,21) kai to Londino (71,56).

Katw apo thn Aqhna briskontai to Talin (52,98), h Praga (49,78), h Kwnstantinoypolh (45,20), to Zagkremp (42,36), to Beligradi (40,03), to Boykoyresti (39,14) h Sofia (36,85) kai to Kiebo.

H ellhnikh apostolh sthn Kopegxagh

Enhmerwsh boyleytwn ki eyrwboyleytwn ekane o yfypoyrgos Ejwterikwn Spyros Koybelhs gia tis ellhnikes qeseis sth dieqnh synodo ths Kopegxaghs,me antikeimeno thn klimatikh allagh, h opoia arxise xqes kai qa oloklhrwqei stis 18 toy mhnos.

Ths ellhnikhs apostolhs qa hghqei o prwqypoyrgos Giwrgos A. Papandreoy kai qa metexoyn h ypoyrgos Periballontos T. Mpirmpilh, o yfypoyrgos Ejwterikwn S. Koybelhs kai o yfypoyrgos Periballontos G. Maniaths.

Qa metasxoyn epishs eji boyleytes, dyo apo th sympoliteysh kai tesseris apo thn antipoliteysh, tesseris mh kybernhtikes organwseis, metajy twn opoiwn h (WWF kai h Greenpeace) kaqws kai empeirognwmones, kyriws se qemata naytilias, gewrgias kai oikonomikwn.

Analyontas tis ellhnikes qeseis enwpion twn boyleytwn kai eyrwboyleytwn poy qa einai parontes sth synodo,o k.Koybelhs tonise oti "h Ellada tassetai yper mias nomika desmeytikhs symfwnias me sygkekrimenoys stoxoys" kai ypenqymise th symfwnia gia monomerh desmeysh ths EE stoys "stoxoys toy 20%", sthn opoia metexei kai h Ellada.

Eidikotera gia ton tomea ths naytilias, o k. Koybelhs tonise oti stoxos mas einai na ginei mia synolikh symfwnia, orizontia, gia oles tis xwres kai oxi merikh, poy qa aforoyse monon mia monomerh desmeysh ths EE, h mia omada xwrwn kai h opoia qa edine sygkritiko pleonekthma stis mh desmeyomenes xwres eis baros ths Elladas.

Sth diarkeia ths synodoy, h ellhnikh pleyra programmatizei ekdhlwsh ths Sosialistikhs Dieqnoys ypo thn proedria toy G. Papandreoy, me th symmetoxh twn sosialistwn hgetwn poy qa einai parontes sthn prwteyoysa ths Danias, enw sto periqwrio ths synodoy anamenetai oti o prwqypoyrgos qa exei seira dimerwn epafwn.

Se erwthsh dhmosiografoy gia to endexomeno syndeshs ths synodoy me thn poreia toy agwgoy petrelaioy Mpoyrgkas-Alejandroypolh, o k. Koybelhs apanthse oti den yparxei tetoio endexomeno oyte gia ton Mpoyrgkas Alejandroypolh oyte gia toys agwgoys fysikoy aerioy South Stream kai TGI, o programmatismos twn opoiwn qa proxwrhsei kanonika.

O yfypoyrgos Ejwterikwn telos ypogrammise oti to kostos ths ellhnikhs apostolhs qa perioristei sth metakinhsh 30 peripoy anqrwpwn, politikwn kai empeirognwmonwn twn ypoyrgeiwn.

Sthn enhmerwsh toy k Koybelh htan parontes, oi boyleytes toy PASOK S. Merentith kai G. Dribelegkas, , o eyrwboyleyths ths ND Q, Skylakakhs, o boyleyths ths ND K. Mhtsotakhs, o boyleyths toy LAOS M. Boridhs kai ws ekproswpos twn Oikologwn Prasinwn, o episthmonikos synergaths toy kommatos T. Krommydas.

Prasinh oikonomia

Sthn pagkosmia diaskech gia thn apotroph twn klimatikwn allagwn kai thn prostasia toy periballontos anamenetai na teqei epi taphtos kai to kata poso qa ejakoloyqhsei na einai biwsimo kai to shmerino montelo oikonomikhs anaptyjhs, to opoio sthrixqhke se rypogones phges energeias, opws einai to karboyno kai to petrelaio.

Opws epishmainetai, malista, se dhmosieyma ths istoselidas ths Ntoitse Bele (``NB''), to zhtoymeno einai pleon h ``prasinh oikonomia''. Tonizetai, malista, pws ``h sygkyria einai eynoikh gia mia strofh sthn oikonomia, mia prasinh strofh''. Einai eynoikh, allwste, dioti ejaitias ths oikonomikhs krishs polles kybernhseis exoyn katartisei anaptyjiaka programmata gia th sthrijh twn epixeirhsewn kai mesa apo ayta mporei na doqei wqhsh sthn ``prasinh oikonomia''.

Xarakthristika einai kai ta osa anefere o dieyqynths toy programmatos gia to Periballon (UNEP), toy OHE, Axim Stainer: ``Prepei na kinhqoyme pros thn kateyqynsh h oikonomia na apodidei katanalwnontas energeia me xamhloteres ekpompes diojeidioy toy anqraka (CO2). Oi doyleies toy mellontos de qa einai sth biomhxania toy shmera. Prepei na ajiopoihsoyme ta anaptyjiaka programmata, wste na qesoyme se kinhsh aythn th metallajh. Diaforetika qa diaprajoyme ena istoriko laqos''. Jekina mia nea biomhxanikh epanastash; Prin apo ena xrono, oi ypeyqynoi to UNEP toy OHE, kateqesan thn protash gia mia oikologikh, oikonomikh metarryqmish. Slogkan toys: ``Aeiforos anaptyjh, anti ths yperkatanalwshs''. Dhladh, texnologies poy den paragoyn CO2, kaqws kai mia kalyterh katanomh twn pagkosmiwn apoqematwn. ``Ayto de qa apotrecei mono mia klimatikh katastrofh alla qa dromologhsei kai mia oikonomikh epanastash'', eipe o Ntirk Mesner, dieyqynths toy Germanikoy Institoytoy Anaptyjiakhs Politikhs, DIE.

Prosqese de pws ``mexri to 2050 epitrepetai se pagkosmia klimaka h ekpomph 1,5 tonwn CO2 kata kefalhn. Ayto einai to epipedo sto opoio brisketai shmera h India. Sth Germania gia paradeigma exoyme shmera deka tonoys ana atomo, stis HPA 20 tonoys. Mporeite loipon na parete mia geysh gia thn taxythta kai th dynamikh me thn opoia prepei na meiwsoyme tis ekpompes rypwn. Ayto poy prepei na jekinhsoyme einai mia biomhxanikh epanastash''.

Dynatothtes allaghs pleyshs yparxoyn. Hdh, shmera oi perissoteres qeseis ergasias einai stoys tomeis twn ananewsimwn phgwn energeias, para sthn petrelaikh biomhxania. Sth Germania o ariqmos twn qesewn ergasias stoys tomeis aytoys ayjanetai synexws. Apo th strofh sthn prasinh oikonomia wfeloyntai oles oi epixeirhseis. Oikologikos o 21os aiwnas; Paradeigma apotelei h epixeirhsh taxymetaforwn DHL, h opoia exei qesei ena filodojo stoxo. Opws dhlwse, milwntas sth ``NB'', o ypeyqynos toy tmhmatos anaptyjhs Rainer Bent, ``stoxos mas einai 30% apotelesmatikoterh xrhsh energeias mexri to 2020. Ki ayto to kanoyme eqelontika. Prepei, omws, na pw oti oi pelates mas perimenoyn olo kai perissotero pws stis metafores qa periorisoyme tis ekpompes CO2''.

Prosqese, malista, oti h dioikhsh ths etaireias pisteyei akradanta pws ``h agora kefalaiwn qa prosexei olo kai perissotero, ean mia epixeirhsh ekpempei ligoteroys rypoys h oxi. Gia to logo ayto kinoymaste eqelontika pros thn kateyqynsh ayth kai einai swsto ayto poy kanoyme. Dhladh, pisteyoyme pws einai kalo kai gia toys stoxoys ths epixeirhshs''.

Pantws, symfwna me toys epaiontes, to an h pagkosmia oikonomia labei ta mhnymata twn kairwn alla kai to an diamorfwsei to plaisio poy xreiazetai, to opoio einai aparaithto, wste na perasei sthn oikologikh epoxh toy 21oy aiwna, qa fanei twra, kata th diarkeia twn ergasiwn ths dieqnoys diaskechs ths Kopegxaghs.

[02] Ikanopoihsh gia ta symperasmata

Eidikotera se o,ti afora thn PGDM o D. Droytsas afoy ejefrase thn apolyth ikanopoihsh toy gia tis apofaseis poy aforoyn thn PGDM dhlwse pros toys dhmosiografoys oti entos ths hmeras o prwqypoyrgos G. Papandreoy anamenetai na erqei se thlefwnikh epikoinwnia me ton prwqypoyrgo ths PGDM, Nikola Gkroyefski. H prwtoboylia toy Ellhna prwqypoyrgoy ermhneyetai ws epibebaiwsh ths boylhshs ths Elladas na enisxyqei h dimerhs synergasia.

Se o,ti afora thn Toyrkia o D. Droytsas anefere oti meta apo makra kai sklhrh diapragmateysh h ellhnikh kai kypriakh diplwmatia epetyxan na beltiwqoyn oysiastika ta symperasmata toy Symboylioy ths EE. Opws eipe o D. Droytsas, ``h stenh, sxedon se kaqhmerinh bash, synergasia me thn kypriakh pleyra, edwse idiaiterh barythta sthn koinh fwnh Elladas - Kyproy''. O Ellhnas anaplhrwths ypoyrgos Ejwterikwn tonise oti h ellhnikh pleyra epetyxe mia megalh anatroph ypo ``antijoes synqhkes'', shmeiwnontas oti h Soyhdikh Proedria ths EE eixe rizika antiqetes apoceis apo tis ellhnikes.

Eidikotera, oson afora to qema ths Toyrkias, o D. Droytsas xarakthrise ``shmantikh epityxia'' twn shmerinwn diapragmateysewn, th diagrafh apo to keimeno twn symperasmatwn toy Symboylioy mias protashs ths soyhdikhs proedrias, h opoia anefere oti oi dimereis diafores twn kratwn-melwn me tis ypochfies xwres den qa prepei na apoteloyn empodio sth dieyrynsh ths EE.

Opws tonise o D. Droytsas, sta symperasmata ginetai, epishs, rhth anafora sthn ypoxrewsh ths Toyrkias na ekplhrwsei ta krithria ths Kopegxaghs kai idiaitera na sebastei qemeliwdh dikaiwmata, opws h eleyqeria ths ekfrashs, oi qrhskeytikes eleyqeries, oi eleyqeries twn meionothtwn kai ta perioysiaka toys dikaiwmata, qemata krisimhs shmasias gia to Oikoymeniko Patriarxeio kai thn ellhnikh meionothta. Epishs, sta symperasmata toy Symboylioy ginetai rhth anafora sto qema ths paranomhs metanasteyshs, opoy epishmainetai h ypoxrewsh ths Toyrkias na efarmosei tis dimereis symfwnies epaneisdoxhs poy exei synacei, kaqws kai h anagkh na enteinei toys elegxoys sta synora ths.

Akomh, sta symperasmata ypogrammizetai oti h Toyrkia qa prepei na diathrei sxeseis kalhs geitonias kai na symbalei sthn eirhnikh epilysh twn diaforwn, symfwna me th Xarta twn Hnwmenwn Eqnwn, kai efoson xreiastei, me prosfygh sto Dieqnes Dikasthrio ths Xaghs. Se ayto to plaisio, h EE kalei thn Toyrkia na apofeygei apeiles kai prajeis oi opoies qa mporoysan na yponomeysoyn tis sxeseis kalhs geitonias. Epishs, gia prwth fora, opws eipe o anaplhrwths ypoyrgos ejwterikwn, prosteqhke anafora symfwna me thn opoia tonizetai h anagkh sebasmoy twn kyriarxikwn dikaiwmatwn twn kratwn-melwn, symperilambanomenwn twn dimerwn symfwniwn basei toy Dieqnoys Dikaioy kai ths Symbashs gia to Dikaio ths Qalassas.

Se o,ti afora tis ypoxrewseis ths Toyrkias apenanti sthn Kypro, oi 27 ypoyrgoi ejwterikwn ths EE ekfrazoyn th lyph toys gia to gegonos oti para tis ekklhseis toys, h Toyrkia arneitai na efarmosei plhrws to Prwtokollo ths Agkyras. Ws ek toytoy, to Symboylio emmenei sthn apofash poy elabe to Dekembrio toy 2006 na pagwsei oxtw diapragmateytika kefalaia, shmeiwnontas oti h Toyrkia den ekane kamia proodo pros thn ejomalynsh twn sxesewn ths me thn Kypro. Epipleon, to Symboylio kalei thn Epitroph na epanajiologhsei thn proodo ths Toyrkias sthn epomenh ethsia ekqesh ths kai tonizei oti anamenetai proodos xwris epipleon kaqysterhsh. Epishs, to Symboylio tonizei oti anamenei apo thn Toyrkia na symbalei energa stis prospaqeies gia mia dikaih, kai biwsimh epilysh toy Kypriakoy, sto plaisio twn H.E.

Klhqeis na sxoliasei tis dhlwseis toy prwqypoyrgoy ths Toyrkias, Retzep Tagip Erntogan peri moysoylmanikhs meionothtas sthn Ellada, o D. Droytsas ypogrammise oti h qesh ths kybernhshs einai kaqarh: ``Den syzhtoyme qemata moysoylmanikhs meionothtas, ara qemata Ellhnwn politwn. H Toyrkia mporei na leei o,ti qelei''. Se ayto to qema eimaste kaqetoi, prosqese.

Ejalloy, oson afora thn PGDM, o D. Droytsas anefere pws to arxiko sxedio twn symperasmatwn poy paroysiase h Soyhdikh Proedria den antapokrinotan sthn pragmatikothta, kaqws ekane logo gia kaqorismo hmeromhnias enarjhs entajiakwn diapragmateysewn me thn PGDM to Martio toy 2010. ``To zhtoymeno einai na ftasoyme se lysh gia to qema ths onomasias. Prin thn epiteyjh lyshs sto qema ths onomasias den noeitai enarjh diapragmateysewn me thn PGDM. Ayto den einai antikeimeno diapragmateyshs, einai pragmatikothta'' anefere.

Opws dhlwse o anaplhrwths ypoyrgos, xarh stis entatikes prospaqeies ths ellhnikhs diplwmatias, to teliko keimeno twn symperasmatwn ikanopoiei plhrws tis ellhnikes qeseis, kaqws tonizetai oti ``h diathrhsh sxesewn kalhs geitonias, symperilambanomenhs mias amoibaia apodekths lyshs sto zhthma toy onomatos katopin diapragmateysewn, ypo thn aigida toy OHE, paramenei oysiwdhs''. To Symboylio katagrafei thn ekqesh ths Epitrophs poy proteinei thn enarjh twn entajiakwn diapragmateysewn me thn PGDM. Prosqetei de, oti qa epanelqei sto qema kata th diarkeia ths epomenhs Proedrias ths EE, dhladh mesa sto epomeno ejamhno.

O D. Droytsas tonise oti arketa krath-melh symmeristhkan tis anhsyxies ths Elladas kai sthrijan tis ellhnikes qeseis. Parallhla, o ypoyrgos tonise oti prospaqhse na steilei ena qetiko mhnyma pros thn PGDM proballontas th nea dynamikh poy exei anaptyxqei stis sxeseis ths me thn Ellada. Prosqese, malista, oti h Ellada qelei na parei ``stoys wmoys ths'' to qema ths entajiakhs poreias ths PGDM, shmeiwnontas, wstoso oti kai h PGDM qa prepei na kanei to xreos ths gia thn ejeyresh symbibastikhs lyshs sto qema ths onomasias.

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