[01] K.Karamanlhs:"Apofash eyqynhs to asfalistiko"

H asfalistikh metarryqmish einai koinwnika epibeblhmenh, dhlwse h ypoyrgos Apasxolhshs kai Koinwnikhs Prostasias Fanh Pallh-Petralia paroysiazontas to nomosxedio gia to Asfalistiko. H k. Petralia ypogrammise oti h metarryqmish "prepei na ginei twra kai oxi ayrio", shmeiwnontas oti "oso pio poly arghsoyn, toso pio epwdynes qa einai oi allages".

Sto ogkwdes nomosxedio poy doqhke sth dhmosiothta, h asfalistikh metarryqmish diathrei, ws staqeres toy asfalistikoy systhmatos, to dhmosio, anadianemhtiko kai ypoxrewtiko xarakthra toy. Den metaballei toys qemeliwdeis paragontes, opws ta genika oria hlikias, ton tropo ypologismoy twn syntajewn kai tis eisfores. Diathrei epishs ton eggyhtiko rolo toy kratoys.

To nomosxedio qetei mia metabatikh periodo genika ws to 2013, prokeimenoy na meiwsei ton aifnidiasmo twn asfalismenwn. Perilambanei treis basikoys ajones allagwn: a) Dioikhtikh anadiarqrwsh, b) Stoxeymenes asfalistikes parembaseis, g) Qesmika metra.

Pio analytika:

A. Dioikhtikh anadiarqrwsh

Oi yparktoi shmera 155 asfalistikoi foreis meiwnontai, me th meqodo twn enopoihsewn, se 13 foreis, ek twn opoiwn oi pente einai kyrias asfalishs, oi eji epikoyrikhs kai oi dyo pronoias. Oi 13 neoi asfalistikoi foreis einai: To IKA - ETAM , o OAEE, o OGA, to Eniaio Tameio Anejarthta Apasxoloymenwn (ETAA), to Eniaio Tameio Asfalishs Proswpikoy sta Mesa Mazikhs Enhmerwshs (ETAP-MME), to Eniaio Tameio Epikoyrikhs Asfalishs Misqwtwn (ETEAM), to Tameio Epikoyrikhs Asfalishs Idiwtikoy Tomea (TEAIT), to Tameio Asfalishs Ypallhlwn Trapezwn kai Epixeirhsewn Koinhs Wfeleias (TAYTEKW), to Tameio Epikoyrikhs Asfalishs Dhmosiwn Ypallhlwn (TEADY), to Tameio Epikoyrikhs Asfalishs kai Pronoias Apasxoloymenwn sta Swmata Asfaleias (TEAPASA), to Tameio Pronoias Idiwtikoy Tomea (TAPIT), to Tameio Pronoias Dhmosiwn Ypallhlwn (TPDY ) kai to Eniaio Tameio Asfalishs Trapezoypallhlwn (ETAT).

B. Asfalistikes Allages

-Gia toys asfalismenoys toy IKA-ETAM mexri thn 31/12/92, poy syntajiodotoyntai me 35etia kai hlikia 58 xronwn, ayjanei to orio hlikias sto 60o etos me thn prosqhkh enos ejamhnoy ana xrono apo to 2013.

-Gia toys asfalismenoys twn eidikwn tameiwn apo thn 1/1/1983, poy syntajiodotoyntai me 35etia kai orio hlikias to 58o, ayto ayjanei sto 60o me prosqhkh enos ejamhnoy ana xrono apo to 2013.

-Gia toys asfalismenoys sta Tameia Typoy apo thn 1/1/1983, poy syntajiodotoyntai me 35etia, qesmoqeteitai ws orio hlikias to 60o me prosqhkh enos ejamhnoy ana xrono apo to 2013.

-Gia tis gynaikes asfalismenes sta Tameia Aytapasxoloymenwn, poy syntajiodotoyntai me 35etia sta 58o etos, ayto ayjanei sta 60 eth me thn prosqhkh enos ejamhnoy ana xrono apo to 2013.

-Gia toys asfalismenoys sto IKA mexri thn 31/12/92, poy syntajiodotoyntai me 10.500 enshma, ek twn opoiwn ta 7.500 sta BAE, me orio hlikias ta 55 eth gia plhrh kai ta 53 eth gia meiwmenh syntajh, ayta ayjanoyn sta 57 eth gia plhrh kai sta 55 eth gia meiwmenh, me thn prosqhkh enos ejamhnoy ana xrono apo to 2013.

-Gia toys asfalismenoys se oloys toys foreis, plhn toy OGA, poy syntajiodotoyntai me 37etia h 11.100 enshma anejarthtws orioy hlikias, tiqetai ws orio to 58o etos apo to 2013.

Kinhtra - Antikinhtra

-Qesmoqeteitai ws kinhtro h prosayjhsh 3,3% (gia kaqe xrono) sth syntajh gia toys asfalismenoys toy IKA mexri thn 31/12/92 gia paramonh sthn ergasia epi tria eth meta th symplhrwsh ths 35etias kai thn hlikia twn 60 xronwn.

-Gia toys asfalismenoys se ola ta tameia meta thn 1/1/93 qesmoqeitai prosayjhsh 3,3% (gia kaqe xrono) sth syntajh gia paramonh sthn ergasia gia tria xronia meta th symplhrwsh ths 35etias kai thn hlikia twn 65 xronwn.

-Apo 1/1/2009 qesmoqeteitai ws antikinhtro meiwsh ths syntajhs kata 6,5% ethsiws gia kaqe xrono prowrhs syntajiodothshs.

Mhteres anhlikwn

-Gia tis apo thn 1/1/83 asfalismenes se tameia aytapasxoloymenwn, se eidika tameia kai se tameia Typoy ayjanetai to orio hlikias apo to 50o sto 55o etos me thn prosqhkh enos xronoy ana etos, me arxh to 2013.

-Gia tis mexri 31/12/92 asfalismenes mhteres anhlikwn sto IKA, h ayjhsh toy orioy hlikias sto 55o etos arxizei apo to 2010.

-Gia tis apo 1/1/93 asfalismenes mhteres anhlikwn katargeitai to meiwmeno orio hlikias syntajiodothshs, me arxh to 2009.

-Gia mhteres me tria ews pente paidia asfalismenes meta thn 1/1/93, to katwtato orio hlikias syntajiodothshs kaqorizetai sto 55o etos.

Se antistaqmisma gia ta metra ayta, qesmoqeteitai gia tis mhteres ayjhmenh adeia mhtrothtas kai loxeias kai plasmatikos xronos asfalishs pente etwn.

Epikoyrikes syntajeis

To pososto ths plhroys mhniaias syntajhs poy qa xorhgeitai apo toys foreis Epikoyrikhs Asfalishs stoys mexri 31/12/92 asfalismenoys gia xrono asfalishs 35 etwn, den qa mporei pleon na yperbainei to 20% twn synolikwn syntajimwn apodoxwn. Megalyterh epikoyrikh syntajh qa mporei na parexetai mono ean to epitrepei sxetikh analogistikh meleth toy sygkekrimenoy epikoyrikoy tameioy. Megalytera posa ta opoia dinontai, qa anaprosarmostoyn entos mias oktaetias, me arxh thn 1/1/2013, me isoposh ethsia meiwsh.

Hmeromisqia gia paroxes ygeias

Ayjanoyn stadiaka, ana deka hmeromisqia kata etos, ta hmeromisqia poy apaitoyntai gia th lhch paroxwn ygeias sto IKA-ETAM. Gia tis paroxes se eidos ayjanoyn apo 50 se 100, enw gia toys oikodomoys apo 40 se 80. Gia tis paroxes se xrhma ayjanoyn apo 100 se 120, enw gia toys oikodomoys apo 80 se 100. To metro qa arxizei na efarmozetai apo thn 1/1/2009.

G. Qesmika metra

Apo thn 1/6/2009 qesmoqeteitai o Ariqmos Mhtrwoy Koinwnikhs asfalishs (AMKA), poy qa einai ypoxrewtikos gia kaqe ergazomeno se oles tis dosolhcies poy qa exoyn na kanoyn me apasxolhsh kai asfalish. Qesmoqetoyntai epishs meikta klimakia elegxoy prokeimenoy na elegxqei h eisforodiafygh.

To pio shmantiko metro einai h qesmoqethsh toy Asfalistikoy Kefalaioy Allhleggyhs Genewn (AKAGE.) To AKAGE qa xrhmatodothqei me poroys poy prokyptoyn apo thn katakrathsh toy 10% olwn twn koinwnikwn porwn, toy 4% twn ethsiwn esodwn apo to FPA kai toy 10% apo tis apokratikopoihseis, oi opoioi qa parameinoyn "kleidwmenoi" mexri to 2019 me stoxo th dhmioyrgia apoqematikwn gia th xrhmatodothsh twn kladwn syntajhs twn tameiwn poy epopteyei to ypoyrgeio Apasxolhshs.

Oson afora to Tameio Typoy, enopoioyntai to TSPEAQ, to TAISYT, to TATA kai to TSEYP, dhladh ta tameia twn dhmosiografwn kai toy proswpikoy efhmeridwn, periodikwn kai hlektronikwn meswn, twn texnikwn Typoy kai twn efhmeridopwlwn. Gia thn idrysh toy Tameioy aytoy, to nomosxedio afairei to 10% toy aggelioshmoy, poy ta swmateia toy xwroy qewroyn ws oionei ergodotikh eisfora, den qigei ton EDOEAP kai epishs afhnei toys texnikoys ths radiofwnias kai ths thleorashs sto IKA.

To nomosxedio katateqhke sth Boylh

"To asfalistiko paramenei anadianemhtiko ki h asfalish paramenei eyqynh toy kratoys. Den ejaireitai kanena tameio, kamia omada ergazomenwn. Basiko krithrio stis enopoihseis to omoeides twn ergazomenwn. H kinhth kai akinhth perioysia entassetai ws aytotelhs eidikos logariasmos. Den metaballontai ta genika oria hlikias, den meiwnontai oi syntajeis, den ayjanontai oi eisfores", tonise o kybernhtikos ekproswpos k.Q.Roysopoylos paroysiazontas stoys politikoys syntaktes toys basikoys ajones toy n/s gia to asfalistiko.

Anefere oti to asfalistiko systhma sth xwra mas anaptyxqhke aprogrammatista kai eykairiaka, me grafeiokratika problhmata, ejaitias polydiaspashs yphresiwn,daidalwdh kai antifatikh nomoqesia, Xarakthrise shmantikh prospaqeia thn asfalistikh metarryqmish toy 1992 kai tonise oti ayth, h, shmerinh,asfalistikh metarryqmish exei mia seira apo metra prokeimenoy na apaleifqoyn streblwseis, na pataxqei h eisforodiafygh,na stamathsoyn oi anisothtes kai na stamathsoyn oi spatales stis dapanes periqalchs.

"Me aytoys toys stoxoys pisteyoyme oti qa apodwsei to ergo ayto, to opoio htan titanio", epeshmane o kybernhtikos ekproswpos, dieykrinizontas parallhla oti sth xwra mas leitoyrgoyn 155 foreis kai kladoi kyrias kai epikoyrikhs asfalishs, ek twn opoiwn oi 133 einai ypo thn epopteia toy Ypoyrgeioy Apasxolhshs.

Symplhrwse oti o kratikos proypologismos epixorhghse to systhma koinwnikhs asfalishs me 14,6 dis eyrw to 2007 kai me 18 dis eyrw to 2008, ara yphrje ayjhsh 22%, me tis synolikes dapanes na ftanoyn ta 23,8dis eyrw h to 12,6% toy AEP.

"Sta epomena xronia an den allaze kati, aytes oi dapanes qa eftanan sto 25% toy AEP,dhladh qa prepei na diatiqentai gia syntajeis ola ta posa poy shmera dinontai gia ygeia,paideia kai politismo,pragma poy shmainei katarreysh toy koinwnikoy kratoys", tonise o k.Roysopoylos, o opoios milhse gia thn anagkaiothta mias gennaias metarryqmishs, h opoia, eipe, einai oysiastikh alla hpia ki oles oi ryqmiseis exoyn koinoys paranomastes th biwsimothta toy systhmatos kai thn allhleggyh twn genewn.

Anaferomenos stoys basikoys ajones toy nomosxedioy eipe oti 133 omoeidh tameia periorizontai se 13.

Epeshmane oti dhmioyrgoyntai 5 foreis kyrias asfalishs, dinontas dieykriniseis poioi einai aytoi, 6 foreis epikoyrikhs asfalishs, dieykrinizontas epishs poioi einai kai tameia pronoias.

"To nomosxedio einai analytiko kai leptomeres stis ryqmiseis toy wste na einai amesa efarmosimo, xwris na apaiteitai ekdosh kanonistikwn prajewn", symplhrwse kai parallhla eipe oti exei lhfqei merimna wste oi dioikhtikes aytes metaboles na dieyqetoyntai xwrotajika, oi ergazomenoi sta tameia na diathroyn th misqologikh kai ierarxikh toys ejelijh kai na yparxei synexhs elegxos efarmoghs ths metarryqmishs me tis katallhles prosarmoges opoy xreiastei.

Shmeiwse oti oi perissoteres ryqmiseis jekinoyn meta apo mia 5etia, einai stadiakes kai oso to dynaton pio anwdynes.

Sygkekrimena eipe oti dinontai antikinhtra gia prowrh syntajiodothsh, h opoia, omws, diathreitai, kinhtra gia paramonh sthn ergasia, diathrhsh twn pronomiwn gia anaphria kai yposthrijh anaphrwn teknwn, metra gia tis mhteres, dhmioyrgia toy Asfalistikoy Tameioy Allhleggyhs Genewn, prostasia ths mhtrothtas me epipleon 6mhnh adeia stis mhteres, oi opoies qa plhrwnontai me to basiko misqo, elegxos ths forodiafyghs me thn ypoxrewtikh apokthsh toy monadikoy ariqmoy asfalismenoy.

Se o,ti afora to asfalistiko twn boyleytwn,o k.Roysopoylos dhlwse oti sto n/s yparxei ryqmish me thn opoia diplasiazetai o xronos katoxyrwshs syntajiodotikoy dikaiwmatos apo ta 4 sta 8 xronia kai me thn proypoqesh ths symplhrwshs toy 65oy etoys sthn hlikia, enw h ryqmish proseggizei ryqmiseis allwn koinoboyliwn sthn EE.

Meta apo sxetikh erwthsh eipe oti oi boyleytes poy exoyn katoxyrwsei dikaiwma na paroyn kai deyterh syntajh apo allo tameio ayto paramenei efikto, giati, opws tonise, qa htan adiko na yparjei tetoia ejairesh sygkekrimena gia toys boyleytes, enw den yparxei kati tetoio gia alloys kai shmeiwse oti den yparxei allh ryqmish poy na afora dhmarxoys h koinotarxes.

Anaferomenos, meta apo erwthsh, sto ycos twn syntajewn kai an piezontai pros ta katw,ypenqymise oti apo 1.1.2008 exei ayjhqei to EKAS kai oi syntajeis toy OGA kai afoy eipe oti to problhma toy asfalistikoy einai shmantiko, alla ejisoy shmantikh einai h enisxysh ths koinwnikhs politikhs, epanelabe oti an den lhfqoyn twra pronoies tetoioy eidoys to pososto to AEP gia tis syntajeis qa strafei enantion ths ygeias,ths Paideias kai allwn paroxwn.

Se oti afora ta tria "DEN" shmeiwse oti h kybernhsh eixe desmeytei apo thn arxh oti den qa allajei ta genika oria hlikias kai shmeiwse oti den mporoyme na dexqoyme oti kapoios sta 38,40 h 45 eth qa bgainei sth syntajh.

Gia ta periqwria metabolwn toy n/s sth Boylh,o k. Roysopoylos dhlwse pws einai bebaio oti kai stis epitropes kai sthn olomeleia antallassontai apoceis.

"An yparxei kati to opoio na qewrhsoyme oti apo laqos den perielhfqh h einai dikaio kai prepei na perilhfqei, na eiste bebaioi oti h kybernhsh qa exei anoikta ta aytia ths gia na kanei ayto poy prepei",epeshmane.

Gia to pote qa efarmostei h asfalistikh metarryqmish, afoy tonise oti o nomos gia tis dioikhseis twn tameiwn poy efere h kybernhsh, me aformh thn ypoqesh twn omologwn, diathreitai, shmeiwse oti yparxoyn pronoies poy qa efarmostoyn apo to 2009 kai alles apo to 2013.

"Me th dhmosieysh sto FEK qa efarmostei o nomos",symplhrwse kai sth synexeia rwthqhke gia to logo poy den doqhke olo to n/s stoys ergatikoys syntaktes to prwi.

Eipe oti to n/s exei 353 selides kai h ka Petralia edwse ena prwto keimeno 122 selidwn opoy h asfalistikh metarryqmish perigrafetai me aplo kai katanohto tropo.

Parallhla shmeiwse oti doqhke cd poy perieixe olo to n/s kai sth synexeia bghkan fwtotypies 150 antigrafwn twn 353 selidwn.

Se o,ti afora h xrhmatodothsh toy asfalistikoy apo to kratos, o Qodwros Roysopoylos apanthse pws to kratos einai eggyhths enw klhqeis na sxoliasei th qetikh antidrash toy SEB, eipe oti den qa kanei kanena sxolio opws den eixe kanei kai otan o SEB eixe strafei apenanti kai tonise oti h kybernhsh sebetai oloys toys foreis.

Erwthqeis gia o,ti afora toys dhmosiografoys kai sygkekrimena ton EDOEAP eipe oti den allazei tipota, enw gia to tameio allhleggyhs twn genewn ekane logo gia rizospastikh idea poy qa apodwsei se baqos xronoy.

Meta apo erwthsh pws qa xrhmatodothqei ki apo epixeirhmaties, afoy tonise oti ginetai megalh prospaqeia na pataxqei h eisforodiafygh kai ayth h prospaqeia qa dhmioyrghsei nees synqhkes,eipe oti oi apokratikopoihseis ginontai apo to dhmosio pros to idiwtiko kefalaio, apo to opoio ena pososto qa phgainei sto tameio.

Se epomenh erwthsh an qa odhghqoyme kai se ayjhsh toy FPA, afoy eipe oti to erwthma exei ypoblhqei epaneilhmmena, tonise oti h apanthsh exei doqei sthn prajh.

Telos klhqeis na sxoliasei dhlwsh toy Q. Pagkaloy me thn opoia o boyleyths toy PASOK xarakthrise ton prwqypoyrgo "Lazopoylo ths politikhs", apanthse legontas "kalo meshmeri".

K.Karamanlhs: "Apofash eyqynhs to asfalistiko"

Qetikes kai epitaktikes xarakthrise tis allages poy prowqei h kybernhsh gia th metarryqmish toy asfalistikoy systhmatos o prwqypoyrgos K. Karamanlhs se dhlwsh toy xqes meta th synedriash ths Kybernhtikhs epitrophs.

O k. Karamanlhs anefere oti oi allages apoblepoyn sth swthria enos systhmatos poy exei odhghqei se adiejodo dioti, opws eipe, oso kaqysterei h metarryqmish, toso megalwnei to adiejodo kai toso pio epwdynes qa einai oi lyseis poy epiballei h sklhrh pragmatikothta gia olh thn koinwnia kai kyriws gia tis neoteres genies.

O prwqypoyrgos anefere oti an kapoios den hqele na analabei to politiko kostos qa mporoyse na afhsei ta pragmata ws exoyn h na kanei epifaneiakes allages, metaqetontas dhladh to problhma kai to adiejodo toy se mia epomenh kybernhsh, gnwrizontas oti ta pragmata qa xeirotereyoyn etsi wste ekeinh na fortwqei to politiko kostos.

"Mia paromoia epilogh qa synistoyse esxath aneyqynothta. Mia tetoia epilogh einai gia mena adianohth. Einai pera gia pera jenh pros thn politikh moy filosofia, th diadromh moy kai thn apofash moy na eimai xrhsimos gia ton topo, estw kai an den eimai arestos proskaira. Gi' ayto phrame mia apofash eyqynhs gia oysiastikh metarryqmish toy asfalistikoy systhmatos", ypogrammise o prwqypoyrgos.

Milhse gia spatalh twn xrhmatwn twn forologoymenwn poy kaqista to systhma mh biwsimo kai gia grafeiokratia poy to kaqista anejelegkto, me apotelesma ton dramatiko pollaplasiasmo ths eisforodiafyghs kai ths eisforoapofyghs.

O k. Karamanlhs ypogrammise oti ejaitias ths xaotikhs pragmatikothtas dhmioyrghqhkan megales anisothtes stis syntajeis, megales streblwseis sto xrono syntajiodothshs kai megales diaforopoihseis sthn iatrofarmakeytikh periqalch.

O prwqypoyrgos shmeiwse akomh oti to systhma kindyneyei na katarreysei sta epomena xronia symparasyrontas thn oikonomia kai fernontas se ejairetika dyskolh qesh toys oikonomika adynamoys.

O k. Karamanlhs shmeiwse oti den prokeitai na stamathsei h metarryqmish toy asfalistikoy systhmatos "giati ligoi kai pronomioyxoi leitoyrgoyn ws katesthmeno. Dioti den qa qysiasoyme to mellon kai thn proodo ths xwras mas ". O prwqypoyrgos eipe oti gnwrizei pws o dromos twn allagwn kai twn metarryqmisewn den einai eykolos, akoma kai otan einai aytonohtes kai metriopaqeis, shmeiwnontas omws oti h koinwnia kai h megalh pleiochfia twn politwn gnwrizoyn pws oi allages prepei na proxwrhsoyn. "Kai qa proxwrhsoyn para ta opoia empodia, giati yphretoyn to symferon ths patridas mas" katelhje o k. Karamanlhs.

[02] ``Amesh aposyrsh toy nomosxedioy''

O k. Papandreoy ekane logo gia "ntemek metarryqmish" poy dhmioyrgei terastia problhmata stoys ergazomenoys, toys syntajioyxoys kai to asfalistiko systhma.

Epishs ekane logo kai gia akribeia h opoia jeperna kata poly tis ayjhseis ths timhs toy petrelaioy enw milhse kai gia panakribh "dhqen dwrean paideia" h opoia epibarynei kata poly tis tsepes twn ergazomenwn.

O k. Papandreoy anaferqhke sthn symplhrwsh tessarwn xronwn apo thn eklogh ths ND sthn kybernhsh kai eipe oti ekei "mporei na sbhnoyn keria alla se ayta ta tessera xronia esbhsan kai oi elpides toy ellhnikoy laoy gia mia nea poreia ths xwras". Tonise oti h poreia ths ND ayta ta tessera xronia einai enas synexhs kathforos o opoios parasyrei oloklhro to politiko systhma sthn krish, apotoko ths opoias qewrhse kai thn ptwsh twn posostwn toy PASOK stis dhmoskophseis.

Anaferomenos sto Synedrio toy PASOK o k. Papandreoy anefere oti me ayto to Kinhma perna se mia nea fash, eipe oti yphrje krish h opoia "ponese kai dhmioyrghse rwgmes kai plhges", oi opoies omws, ypogrammise, oti epoylwnontai. Kai prosqese oti stoxos kai toy synedrioy toy PASOK einai na ginei to prwto bhma gia th dhmioyrgia mias neas aytopepoiqhshs gia ton ellhniko lao kaqws, opws eipe, h politikh ths kybernhshs mazi me thn adiafaneia kai thn paragwgh skandalwn odhgoyn se dhmosia kataqlich kai apaisiodojia kai enas apo toys stoxoys toy Kinhmatos einai na antistrecei to klima apaisiodojias.

Apantwntas se erwthsh gia tis tomes sto PASOK o k. Papandreoy eipe oti exei desmeyqei wste to Kinhma na proxwrhsei se tomes kai ypogrammise oti sto PASOK qa ginoyn allages. Kai qa yparjei nea isxyrh enothta, enw apantwntas sto an diaxeiristhke swsta th nea entolh eipe oti ayth den einai gia treis mhnes.

Anaferomenos sta bhmata ejodoy toy PASOK apo thn krish eipe oti kyrios stoxos einai h diamorfwsh mias neas aytopepoiqhshs h opoia qa oikodomhqei bhma-bhma kai me systhmatiko tropo.

Erwthqeis gia "ekkremothtes" se qemata diafaneias sto PASOK, o k. Papandreoy eipe oti den eimai dikasths, eggywmai th diafaneia kai tis ajies sto PASOK kai epekrine thn kybernhsh oti einai ekeinh poy arneitai th diafaneia kai paragei skandala.

Se o,ti afora th nea politikh enothta o k. Papandreoy eipe oti ayth apaitei na doylecoyme oloi mazi kai tonise oti sto PASOK den moirazoyme ajiwmata, alla doyleia.

Apantwntas se allh erwthsh gia to an ton sthrizoyn ta stelexh toy Kinhmatos o k. Papandreoy eipe oti einai dhmokratiko dikaiwma kaqenos se ena dhmokratiko komma na exei tis apoceis toy. Epishmane oti h maxh ths 11hs Noembrioy doqhke kai ekleise kai ypogrammise oti twra exoyme na dwsoyme th maxh ths Elladas kai qa th dwsoyme oloi mazi.

Se erwthsh an to "eswkommatiko problhma toy PASOK einai efeyrhma kapoiwn kentrwn" o k. Papandreoy apanthse oti o kaqenas koitazei th doyleia toy, enw apantwntas se erwthsh sxetikh me ton k.Shmith kai thn endexomenh apoysia toy apo to Synedrio toy PASOK eipe oti "ton sebomai panta, ton qeloyme konta mas, aytos apofasizei gia tis proteraiothtes toy".

Erwthqeis gia ton k. Tsipra o proedros toy PASOK eipe oti h xwra xreiazetai enallaktikh protash diakybernhshs poy qa diamorfwnei eyryteres synaineseis, ypogrammizontas wstoso oti to sygkekrimeno eklogiko systhma apaitei na anadeixqei prwto komma ayto poy exei enallaktikh politikh gia th xwra.

O proedros toy PASOK prosqese epishs oti einai anoixtos se synergasia twn proodeytikwn dynamewn enw anefere oti oi k.k. Tsipras kai Alabanos qa prosklhqoyn na milhsoyn sto synedrio toy PASOK.

Apantwntas sthn erwthsh an "h syntagh Tsipra einai syntagh epityxias" eipe oti den caxnoyme syntages kai magika rabdia alla caxnoyme politikes, enw prosqese oti yparxei diaqesh toy kosmoy gia ananewsh kai tonise oti to PASOK exei polles nees dynameis.

Se erwthsh gia sygkybernhsh PASOK - Neas Dhmokratias o k. Papandreoy apanthse oti h ND qa mporoyse na synergastei me to PASOK epi sygkekrimenwn qematwn, apokleiomenhs ths kybernhtikhs synergasias, se periptwseis opws h ejwterikh politikh, h patajh ths diafqoras kai to asfalistiko. O k. Papandreoy eipe oti kateqese sygkekrimenes protaseis ston prwqypoyrgo, tonise oti apanthsh den elabe kai eperrice ston prwqypoyrgo thn eyqynh. "Pote den hqela karekles" eipe apantwntas se erwthsh an einai ypo proqesmia kai tonise oti einai "apofasismenos na petyxei to stoxo toy oso xrono kai an xreiazetai".

Ton dikommatismo kai ton dipolismo aforoyse h epomenh erwthsh sthn opoia o k. Papandreoy eipe oti kaqe komma zhta th megalyterh yposthrijh toy laoy kai stoxos einai na anadeixqei se prwto komma kai na katakthsei thn apolyth pleiochfia. Enw apantwntas kai pali se erwthsh peri diarrown sto PASOK eipe oti h poreia toy Kinhmatos to opoio perase eswterikh dokimasia einai anodikh kai to prwto bhma qa ginei sto synedrio.

Se erwthsh an o SYRIZA endexetai na parei th qesh toy PASOK kai ayto na ginei Enwsh Kentroy, o k. Papandreoy eipe oti "stoxos mas einai na janadwsoyme proodeytikh enallaktikh politikh. Ayth einai h entolh poy exoyme parei kai ayto qa kanoyme kai sto Synedrio" tonizontas oti to PASOK den mporei na ginei Enwsh Kentroy giati oikodomei thn enothta toy sth bash politikwn qesewn.

O k. Papandreoy anaferqhke se kapoio shmeio ths omilias toy kai sthn epeteio qanatoy ths Melinas Merkoyrh kai apantwntas se erwthsh dhmosiografoy poy ypenqymise rhsh ths Merkoyrh pros ton Andrea Papandreoy oti "den aresoyme pleon", eipe oti qa paroyme thn kybernhsh stis epomenes ekloges kai qa aresoyme apo to ergo mas.

"To PASOK einai koinokthmosynh toy ellhnikoy laoy" eipe apantwntas se erwthsh peri idiokthsias sto PASOK tonizontas kai pali oti h shmerinh Ellada einai gonatismenh apo th Nea Dhmokratia kai "qa thn janashkwsoyme sta podia ths".

Anaferomenos stis sxeseis me toys ekdotes o k. Papandreoy eipe oti "den exw proswpika me kanenan, qelw anejarthta MME kai sxeseis sebasmoy MME-politikhs kai oxi xeiragwghsh".

Erwthqeis gia to qema toy Kosoboy kai ths PGDM o k. Papandreoy epanelabe th qesh toy PASOK gia apokleismo ths diplhs onomasias kai gia gewgrafiko prosdiorismo toy onomatos enw ektimhse oti to Kosobo anoigei ton asko toy Aioloy. Epishs eipe oti elpizei pws syntoma qa xreiastei Symboylio politikwn arxhgwn enw ekane logo gia diplwmatikes httes otan epi kybernhsews Mhtsotakh h Kina kai h Rwsia anagnwrisan thn PGDM me to syntagmatiko ths onoma kai toyto eprajan kai oi HPA epi kybernhsews Neas Dhmokratias.

O proedros toy PASOK eipe oti h kybernhsh exei eyqynes gia th shmerinh katastash, xairetise thn shmerinh qesh ths kybernhshs h opoia, opws eipe, yioqethse tis qeseis toy PASOK wstoso epishmane oti to Kinhma den apempolei thn kritikh toy gia osa prohghqhkan.

Apantwntas se allh erwthsh sxetika me th symmetoxh ths Elladas kai epi kybernhsewn PASOK se apostoles sto Kosobo eipe oti pote den qewrhse tis dynameis aytes ws dynameis katoxhs kai tonise oti h Ellada symmeteixe meta apo apofaseis toy Symboylioy Asfaleias toy OHE se anqrwpistikes apostoles.

Erwthqeis sxetika me thn apergia ths DEH o proedros toy PASOK eipe oti stoxos ths kybernhshs einai na loidorhsei ton ergazomeno kai to syndikalistiko kinhma, ekane logo gia "diakopth" poy katebazei h kybernhsh kai reoyn disekatommyria eyrw pros tis trapezes kai prosqese oti eimaste konta ston ergazomeno poy exei dikaiwma na antidrasei se ola ayta.

Epishs apantwntas se erwthsh sxetikh me thn idiwtikopoihsh twn limaniwn o k. Papandreoy eipe oti qa me deite kai se syllalhthria kai se kinhtopoihseis, tonise oti to PASOK sebetai thn aytonomia toy ergatikoy kinhmatos kai den taytizetai panta me tis diekdikhseis kaqe syndikatoy kai prosqese oti h ND jepoyla ta kerdofora fileta kai xrewnetai to Dhmosio ta problhmatika.

Se o,ti afora to asfalistiko o k. Papandreoy eipe oti o laos bareqhke na syzhtame gia to parelqon tonise oti h Nea Dhmokratia einai ypeyqynh gia thn poreia ths xwras kai ypogrammise oti: "anelaba to PASOK gia to ayrio kai oxi gia to xqes. Erwthqeis an qa zhthsei prowres ekloges o k. Papandreoy eipe oti den einai kaqoloy eyxaristo na blepei na katarreei h xwra kai prosqese: "ola sthn wra toys. Mporei na erqei kai ayth h stigmh".

Erwthqeis pws qa xarakthrize o idios thn poreia toy, eipe oti apaiteitai baqia tomh sthn antilhch mas kai ypogrammise oti phra ena ekatommyrio "daxtylidia" to 2004 kai ekatontades xiliades meta, "to daxtylidi to phra apo ton ellhniko lao kai apo kanenan allo". Apantwntas se erwthsh gia to an to PASOK qa ekdwsei efhmerida o k. Papandreoy eipe oti einai pros syzhthsh sto synedrio kai epanelabe th qesh toy oti zhtame kaqarh sxesh MME kai kommatwn, enw apantwntas se allh erwthsh anaforika me thn dikh toy eikona stis dhmoskophseis eipe oti lambanoyme ola ta mhnymata kai ta ajiologoyme omws den kaqorizoyme thn poreia mas me tis diakymanseis twn dhmoskophsewn.

Telos apantwntas se erwthsh poy aforoyse to Kypriako o proedros toy PASOK eipe oti qa eimai konta sto Dhmhtrh Xristofia enw qa symballei sth dikaih lysh toy Kypriakoy mesa sta plaisia toy OHE kai me thn idiothta toy ws proedroy ths Sosialistikhs Dieqnoys.

Apanthsh Q.Roysopoyloy

``Apenanti se mia oloklhrwmenh kai jekaqarh politikh ths Kybernhshs gia na antimetwpisqoyn ta pragmatika problhmata twn Ellhnwn politwn, o k. Papandreoy antipareqese kai pali genikologes ekqeseis idewn'', dhlwse o Ypoyrgos Epikrateias kai Kybernhtikos Ekproswpos k. Q. Roysopoylos, apantwntas sta osa anefere o Proedros toy PASOK k. G. Papandreoy sth synenteyjh Typoy.

[03] Episkech Paparhga sto "Alejandra"

Ta TEI Aqhnas episkefqhke xqes h h GG ths KE toy KKE Aleka Paparhga, opoy synanthqhke me ton proedro kai to symboylio twn TEI Aqhnas kai sth synexeia milhse se ekdhlwsh, sto amfiqeatro Plhroforikhs twn TEI, me qema: ``Politikes ejelijeis kai h protash ejoysias toy KKE''.

Oi ergazomenoi den prepei na deijoyn kamia empistosynh stoys isxyrismoys toy prwqypoyrgoy, oti ta nea metra ths kybernhshs toy gia to Asfalistiko, exoyn stoxo th swthria toy asfalistikoy systhmatos kai oti qa qijoyn mono orismenes eidikes kathgories pronomioyxwn, tonizei to KKE se anakoinwsh toy sxetika me to asfalistiko kai prosqetei oti "ta nea metra ths kybernhshs qa einai h synexeia ths antiasfalistikhs epiqeshs, poy apaitei to kefalaio. Qa qigoyn oloys toys ergazomenoys, kai prwta apb ola tis gynaikes kai toys neoys".

To KKE kalei toys ergazomenoys se "panergatiko - pallaiko jeshkwmo gia sygxrona dikaiwmata sthn Koinwnikh Asfalish kai stis syntajeis".

H ka Paparhga ejefrase thn anhsyxia ths gia tis ejelijeis sta Balkania kaqws kai thn antiqesh ths sthn politikh toy NATO.

H k. Paparhga anaferomenh stis teleytaies ejelijeis kai idiaitera sto qema toy Kosoboy "poy yparxoyn proypoqeseis na anacei h fwtia toy polemoy", eipe oti sto qema ths onomasias ths PGDM kai thn ellhnikh stash, taxqhke yper toy beto gia thn entajh ths geitonikhs xwras sto NATO, wstoso shmeiwse oti ayto den arkei.

Eidikotera h k. Paparhga dhlwse: "Tsakwnetai h kybernhsh oti ``shkwnei kefali'', qa balei beto klp, den leme, na to balei. Alla gia na piasei to beto prepei na exeis genikoterh politikh antiqeshs me to NATO. Giati, an apo th mia enisxyeis to NATO kai, opws leei h ka Mpakogiannh, emeis eimaste 55 xronia filoi kai symmaxoi ola sas ta exoyme dwsei, otan bazei to beto den einai tipota allo para: Dwse moy to onoma, gia na soy dwsw antallagmata alloy. Qa eprepe na pei: Aposyrw ta strateymata apo to Kosobo, th Bosnia klp. Alla to antiqeto qa kanei. Qa pei dwste moy to onoma kai qa steilw perissotera".

[04] Synanthsh Tsipra-GENOP-DEH

Thn plhrh antiqesh toy stis ryqmiseis poy prowqei h kybernhsh sto asfalistiko ejefrase o proedros toy SYN A. Tsipras milwntas stoys ergazomenoys toy ergostasioy Snenter Elektrik sta Oinofyta.

O k. Tsipras epleje to egkwmio ths en logw biomhxanias legontas oti einai mia biomhxania idiwtikh, poy "threi arketoys apo toys kanones asfaleias kai ygieinhs, omws h syntriptikh pleiochfia twn ergazomenwn ston idiwtiko tomea zei se para poly dyskoles synqhkes".

Milwntas gia to asfalistiko o k. Tsipras eipe oti oi allages poy prowqoyntai apo thn kybernhsh gia tis ergasiakes sxeseis, gia to asfalistiko, einai allages poy plhttoyn kyriws toys ergazomenoys ston idiwtiko tomea. Enan idiwtiko tomea opoy gnwrizoyme oloi kala tis synqhkes. Einai synqhkes ergasiakoy mesaiwna, me thn apeilh ths apolyshs, ths anergias, ths elastikhs apasxolhshs.

O proedros toy SYN kalese toys ergazomenoys na synanthqoyn sthn prwth grammh toy agwna kai twn diekdikhsewn, gia na mhn perasoyn aytes oi antiasfalistikes ryqmiseis, gia na epiblhqei mia enallaktikh politikh antilhch, poy qa yperaspizetai thn koinwnia kai thn ergasia.

SYRIZA gia to asfalistiko

H Koinoboyleytikh Omada toy SYRIZA me anakoinwsh poy ejedwse kalei thn kybernhsh: "estw kai thn ystath stigmh, na egkataleicei toys sxediasmoys kai ryqmiseis ths poy plhttoyn eyrytates kathgories politwn, asfalistika dikaiwmata kai tameia kai kyriws tis gynaikes, toys neoys kai toys ergazomenoys sta barea kai anqygieina" kai diabebaiwnei toys ergazomenoys oti qa sthrijei me oles tis dynameis ths toys agwnes kai tis apergiakes kinhtopoihseis twn syndikatwn sthn prospaqeia antistashs kai apotrophs kai qa synexisei thn entonh koinoboyleytikh ths drasthriothta sto qema toy Asfalistikoy.

Se oti afora sto Eqniko Programma Diaxeirishs kai Prostasias twn Ydatikwn Porwn poy paroysiase o Ypoyrgos PEXWDE, h KO toy SYRIZA anaferei sthn anakoinwsh ths oti h emmonh toy YPEXWDE stis kataskeyastikes lyseis prokeimenoy na antimetwpistoyn oi ayjanomenes anagkes se nero einai enas plasmatikos tropos gia na diorqwqei ``sta grhgora'' h krish toy neroy. H KO toy SYRIZA epishmainei oti to YPEXWDE agnoei tis epaneilhmmenes arnhtikes apofaseis toy StE, kai epimenei sthn ektroph toy Axelwoy, ena ergo poy den exei ejasfalisei oyte th biwsimothta toy oyte th periballontikh toy katoxyrwsh (bl. arqro 24 toy Syntagmatos) kai hdh exei aporrofhsei terasties xrhmatodothseis, oi opoies qa mporoysan na exoyn shmantika qetika apotelesmata gia to problhma ydreyshs kai ardeyshs ths Qessalias, an ajiopoioyntan se hpies parembaseis mikrhs klimakas.

Epishs h K.O. qewrei koryfaio zhthma to Eqniko Xwrotajiko Sxedio gia thn oikonomikh kai koinwnikh anaptyjh ths xwras kai ypogrammizei sthn anakoinwsh ths oti apo toys 19 foreis poy symmetexoyn sto ESXP, oi shmantikoteroi se antiproswpeytikothta kai oi exontes megalyterh synafeia me to qema, ejefrasan antiqeth gnwmh me tis politikes epiloges toy Sxedioy.

Telos, se oti afora sto sxedio nomoy poy proetoimazei h kybernhsh ``peri symbiwtikwn sxesewn'' h K.O. apofasise na zhthsei amesh enhmerwsh, epibebaiwnontas thn pagia qesh ths oti ola ta metra kai oi ryqmiseis poy qa aforoyn ta eterofyla zeygaria qa prepei na isxyoyn kai gia ta omofylofila.

[05] Metra gia to trihmero

Opws anakoinwqhke, metajy twn metrwn poy qa efarmostoyn, perilambanontai:

- Kata mhkos ths Eqnikhs Odoy Patrwn - Korinqoy - Aqhnwn - Qessalonikhs - Eyzwnwn kai toy deytereyontos Eqnikoy diktyoy Rioy - Antirrioy - Iwanninwn, Qessalonikhs - Alejandroypolhs, Qessalonikhs - Serrwn, Qessalonikhs - Kastorias, Qessalonikhs - Edessas - Flwrinas, Korinqoy - Tripolews - Kalamatas qa yparxei synexhs paroysia peripolikwn oxhmatwn, kyriws sta shmeia poy paroysiazoyn ychlo deikth atyxhmatwn.

- Sto astiko diktyo kai stoys xwroys twn agorwn-emporikwn kentrwn, staqmwn lewforeiwn, trenwn, limaniwn, odikwn kombwn, ryqmistes pezoi troxonomoi kai peripolies oxhmatwn qa dieykolynoyn to epibatiko koino me th syndromh yphresiakwn geranwn gia th metafora oxhmatwn, opoy apaithqei.

- Pezoi troxonomoi qa parexoyn plhrofories kai qa dieykolynoyn thn kykloforia twn dierxomenwn.

-Elikoptera ths Ellhnikhs Astynomias qa yperiptantai stoys ajones Aqhnwn - Korinqoy kai Aqhnwn - Lamias gia ton apotelesmatikotero syntonismo twn metrwn kai epithrhsh ths kykloforias.

- Sto sxediasmo gia th metakinhsh twn ekdromewn me asfaleia se olo to odiko diktyo, qa symmetexoyn oles oi kata topoys Yphresies Troxaias kaqws kai ta Tmhmata Troxaias Aytokinhtodromwn, oi eidikes omades elegxoy, symbatika aytokinhta kai dikykla, me skopo th dieykolynsh kai epithrhsh ths kykloforias, thn paroxh bohqeias kai plhroforiwn, thn epishmansh kai bebaiwsh twn epikindynwn parabasewn poy odhgoyn se atyxhmata, enw tis nykterines kai prwtes prwines wres, poy parathreitai ayjhsh twn troxaiwn atyxhmatwn, qa pyknwsoyn ta synergeia elegxoy meqhs.

- Sthn perioxh toy Maliakoy, logw synexizomenwn ergwn dianoijhs ths Eqnikhs Odoy kai sto tmhma apo th x/q 195 ews th x/q 214 h kinhsh twn aytokinhtwn apo treis lwrides kykloforias qa ginetai se mono stoixo ana kateyqynsh, elleicei parapleyrwn odwn.

Gia thn kykloforiakh katastash ths perioxhs toy Maliakoy, oi odhgoi qa mporoyn na enhmerwnontai sta thlefwna : 22310-100, 22310-56800, 22350-31701, 22310-93900.

- Kata thn ejodo twn ekdromewn kai se periptwsh kaqysterhsewn, osoi odhgoi kateyqynontai pros Dytikh Fqiwtida, Eyrytania, Trikala, Grebena, Karditsa mporoyn na epilegoyn thn enallaktikh diadromh Kastro Boiwtias - Orxomenos - Tiqorea - Amfikleia - Mpralos - Damasta - Hrakleia - Mosxoxwri - Lamia.

- Kata thn epistrofh kai efoson parathrhqei megalh kykloforiakh symforhsh, qa pragmatopoihqei me thn paroysia dynamewn ths Troxaias ektroph ths kykloforias twn oxhmatwn gia ta proerxomena apo Grebena, Trikala, Karditsa, Eyrytania sthn P.E.O. Lamias - Aqhnwn mesw Damastas - Mosxoxwrioy - Hrakleias - Mpraloy - Amfikleias - Tiqoreas - Orxomenoy - Kastroy Boiwtias.

Idiaiterh prosoxh qa prepei na epideixqei apo toys odhgoys kata th dieleysh apo shmeia twn eqnikwn dromwn opoy parathreitai ayjhmenh syxnothta troxaiwn, kyriws qanathforwn, atyxhmatwn. Proteinetai oi odhgoi na epilejoyn gia thn kinhsh toys hmeres kai wres me mikroterh kykloforiakh epibarynsh, opws einai oi prwines wres ths Paraskeyhs, Kyriakhs kai Deyteras.

Odhgies asfaloys odhghshs

B· Mhn pinete otan skopeyete na odhghsete.

B· Me th megalh taxythta kai to antikanoniko prosperasma bazete se kindyno th zwh sas.

B· H xrhsh zwnhs asfaleias, paidikwn kaqismatwn kai prostateytikoy kranoys meiwnoyn se megalo baqmo tis dysmeneis epiptwseis se ena atyxhma.

B· H polywrh odhghsh, h aypnia kai h xrhsh diegertikwn skeyasmatwn odhgoyn se atyxhmata.

B· Mh xrhsimopoieite to kinhto thn wra ths odhghshs.

B· Oi synepibates na mhn apasxoloyn ton odhgo.

B· H yperfortwsh prokalei mhxanikh kopwsh sto aytokinhto kai epibarynei thn asfalh symperifora toy.

B· O texnikos elegxos toy aytokinhtoy apotelei proteraiothta prin apo kaqe tajidi.

B· H lwrida ektakths anagkhs den parabiazetai plhn ths periptwshs blabhs toy oxhmatos h allhs aitias anagkastikhs akinhtopoihshs.

B· Aparaithtos o efodiasmos kai h xrhsh antiolisqhtikwn alysidwn stis periptwseis poy epikrathsei pagetos h xionoptwsh.

B· H synergasia me toys troxonomoys kai h thrhsh twn kanonwn toy kwdika odikhs kykloforias apoteloyn thn aspida ths odikhs prostasias.

Stoys ryqmoys ths Apokrias

Hmeres glentioy, metamfieshs kai jenoiasias einai gia toys perissoteroys h Apokria. Xiliades karnabalistes qa jefantwsoyn se olh th xwra, enw ta kyria ``systatika'' poy apaitoyntai aytes tis hmeres einai mpoliko kefi, zwntania, tragoydi kai xoros.

H apokria, exei tis rizes ths sthn arxaiothta, afoy metamfieseis emfanizontai gyrw sto 2000 p.X. sthn Asia. Ston elladiko xwro ejaplwnetai h Dionysiakh latreia apo thn Arxaikh epoxh kai meta, me diafores giortes opws ta Bakxeia, Kwmoi, Lhnaia, Anqesthria. Stis latreytikes ekdhlwseis pros timh toy Dionysoy, oi arxaioi Aqhnaioi panw sta kara, metamfiesmenoi kai skwptikoi, ekrinan toys politikoys hgetes toys. Kapoia stoixeia toys exoyn parameinei analloiwta me to perasma twn xronwn kai ta synantoyme kai shmera, metajy twn opoiwn einai oi metamfieseis, oi xoroi kai h oinoposia.

Ston xristianismo, oi Apokries (apoxh apo to kreas) symbolisan thn periodo jefantwmatos prin apo thn 40hmerh periodo endoskophshs kai nhsteias poy synista h Sarakosth. Kai se ayth th metabash apo to politiko (ths Arxaiothtas) sto proswpiko (toy Xristianismoy) skopos einai h cyxikh kai swmatikh proetoimasia gia thn anaparastash kai biwsh twn Qeiwn Paqwn, thn kaqarsh poy erxetai sth synexeia me to Pasxa, th megalyterh giorth ths xristianosynhs?

Se pio prosfates epoxes, oi metamfieseis kyriarxoysan oxi mono sto Byzantio, opoy h apokria epairne pandhmo xarakthra, alla se oloklhrh thn Eyrwph kaqws kai se alloys laoys. O metamfiezomenos allote epairne magikh dynamh gia na th xrhsimopoihsei gia to kalo ths paragwghs kai allote gia na jegelasei ta epiblabh pneymata.

Wstoso h synhqeia ayth, hdh apo ton 2o m.X. aiwna, brhke antiqeth thn ekklhsia poy eblepe se aytes tis ekdhlwseis th synexish twn eidwlolatrikwn eqimwn. Parb oles omws tis apagoreyseis, oi giortes aytes epibiwsan kati poy anagkase thn ekklhsia kata ta telh toy 7oy aiwna na asxolhqei me ayth th synhqeia twn Byzantinwn.

Kyria stoixeia ths Apokrias einai to kefi, h eytyxia, oi asteismoi kai propantos oi metamfieseis. Stoixeia poy ths dinoyn enan entelws idiaitero tono kai th diaforopoioyn oysiastika apo tis alles meres toy xronoy.

O paradosiakos eortasmos ths Apokrias koryfwnetai thn teleytaia Kyriakh, thn Kyriakh ths Tyrofagoy, poy legetai kai Tranh Apokria.

Ki an stis prohgoymenes dekaeties filikes parees peritrigyrizan stoys dromoys kai tragoydoysan, to ayqormhto glenti exei pleon antikatasthsei h organwsh ekdhlwsewn apo dhmoys se olh thn Ellada.

Aqhna

Kyriakh ths Apokrew h shmerinh kai oi karnabalikes ekdhlwseis briskontai sto apogeio toys. O dhmos Aqhnaiwn giortazei se Qhseio, Plaka kai Zappeio, enw o dhmos Mosxatoy oloklhrwnei shmera to meshmeri tis ekdhlwseis toy me th megalh parelash.

Moysikh latin diaxeetai sta stenakia ths Plakas, ton paradosiako apokriatiko proorismo ths Aqhnas, enw zogkler, jylopodaroi kai taxydaktyloyrgoi diaskedazoyn osoys apofasisan kai fetos na ntyqoyn maskarades, na xorecoyn kai na diaskedasoyn. Na ``jedwsoyn'' entelei, afoy apo thn arxaiothta -opote jekina to eqimo me th morfh latreytikwn ekdhlwsewn pros timh toy qeoy Dionysoy- skopos einai h ektonwsh.

Ston dhmo Aqhnaiwn, o Politistikos Organismos exei organwsei gia to apogeyma (18.00-22.00) ston pezodromo toy Qhseioy, dyo synaylies me epiloges gnwstwn tragoydiwn apo sygxronoys synqetes, opws Xatzhdakh, Qeodwrakh, Loizo, Moytsh, Jarxako, Kraoynakh kai palaioteroys, opws Tsitsanh, Zampeta, Bambakarh kai Kaldara.

Sto xwro toy Zappeioy (opoy oi ekdhlwseis ta teleytaia xronia einai paradosiaka afierwmenes sta paidia) h shmerinh hmera, proteleytaia Kyriakh ths Apokrias, einai afierwmenh sth megalh giorth twn mikrwn maskaradwn.

Oi eortasmoi me ta moysika synola toy dhmoy Aqhnaiwn qa synexisqoyn ta apogeymata olh thn ebdomada mexri thn Kaqara Deytera: sto Gkazi (Deytera 3 Martioy), to Qhseio (Trith), to Dhmotiko Qeatro Peiraia (Pempth 6 Martioy), sto Barbakeio (Sabbato) kai thn Plateia Cyrh (Kyriakh 9 Martioy).

To erxomeno Sabbato 8 Martioy, h Filarmonikh toy dhmoy Aqhnaiwn qa dwsei synaylia to prwi (11.30 -13.00) ston pezodromo ths odoy Hrakleidwn sto Qhseio. Ston idio xwro to apogeyma (18.00 - 22.00) qa doqei qeatrikh, moysikh parastash kai synaylia apo th Latina ermhneytria Marta Moreleon kai to sygkrothma ths.

Thn Kyriakh 9 Martioy kai pali sthn Hrakleidwn, to prwi (11.30-13.00) o pezodromos qa hxhsei operetes kai tragoydia ths epoxhs toy mesopolemoy apo th Xorwdia kai Mantolinata Ejarxeiwn-Neapolews. To apogeyma (18.00-22.00) qa doqei qeatrikh moysikh parastash, enw h gnwsth dhmotikh symboylos Ybet Tzarbis (prwhn tragoydistria) qa paroysiasei xoreytikes epiloges toy dieqnoys repertorioy twn dekaetiwn 1970-1990.

Thn idia mera, h odos Dionysioy Areopagitoy qa einai afierwmenh sta paidia. Apokriatiko trenaki qa filojenhsei ekplhjeis gia ta paidia sta bagonia toy. Taxydaktyloyrgoi, paixnidia erwthsewn me th symmetoxh twn paidiwn kai qeatrikh parastash apo hqopoioys-paidagwgoys anamenetai na dhmioyrghsoyn mia epityxhmenh hmera cyxagwgias gia ta paidia. Ston anoikto xwro toy Zappeioy qa ejelissontai diafora drwmena me karaoke, animater, zogkler kai mpalonokataskeyes.

H Apokria qa kleisei ton kyklo ths thn Kaqara Deytera 10 Martioy sto lofo toy Filopappoy, opoy to petagma toy aetoy qa synodeyqei apo to paradosiaka glenti.

Boreia Ellada

Sth Boreia Ellada exei programmatistei kai fetos plhqos ekdhlwsewn me parelaseis armatwn kai anabiwsh eqimwn.

JANQH

To pio dhmofiles karnabali sth Boreia Ellada diorganwnetai kaqe xrono sth Janqh. Epikentro ths giorths einai h plateia ths polhs. Oi ekdhlwseis diarkoyn arketes hmeres me apokoryfwma thn teleytaia Kyriakh ths Apokrias, opoy se mia paradosiakh kai fantasmagorikh atmosfaira ginetai to ``Kacimo toy Tzaroy'', me th dysh toy hlioy, sth gefyra toy potamoy Kosynqoy. Symfwna me thn paradosh, o ``Tzaros'' htan ena kataskeyasmeno anqrwpino omoiwma, topoqethmeno se ena swro apo poyrnaria. Thn teleytaia Kyriakh ths Apokrias kaigontan gia na mhn exoyn to kalokairi cylloys.

Thn idia hmera, stis 9 Martioy, qa prohghqei h megalh karnabalikh parelash sthn eisodo ths polhs ths Janqhs, opoy ta armata kai oi xiliades karnabalistes qa jexyqoyn stoys dromoys, me xrwmata kai moysikes na synodeyoyn ton Basilia Karnabalo.

Oi katoikoi kai oi episkeptes ths Janqhs, kaqb olh th diarkeia ths Apokrias, jefantwnoyn se entonoys ryqmoys diaskedashs kai kefioy, enw h polh den deixnei na qysiazei to fysiko kallos kai thn arxontia ths sto bwmo ths sygxronhs zwhs. Gia prwth fora fetos diorganwnetai sth Janqh kai h Paidokarnabaloypolh, stis 3, 4 kai 5 Martioy. Prokeitai gia mia fantastikh polh toy karnabalioy opoy katoikoi ths einai oi maqhtes olwn twn dhmotikwn sxoleiwn.

NAOYSA

Sth Naoysa, h paradosh kai h satira einai ta kyria stoixeia twn apokriatikwn ekdhlwsewn poy diorganwnei o dhmos. Idiaiterh barythta qa doqei kai fetos sta eqima ths polhs me epikentro to monadiko drwmeno ``Genitsaroi kai Mpoyles'', poy xronologeitai apo ton 18o aiwna. O Genitsaros foraei metajy allwn foystanela kai tsaroyxia, enw h foresia toy stolizetai me polles seires apo baria kai leptodoylemena ashmenia nomismata. H metamfiesh oloklhrwnetai me mia maska apo pani, kerwmeno sthn eswterikh pleyra kai stokarismeno sthn ejwterikh, me zwgrafisto moystaki.

To rolo ths Mpoylas ypodyetai panta andras ntymenos me fardia gynaikeia royxa. Ews thn Kaqara Deytera to ntaoyli kai o zoyrnas akoygontai diarkws se kaqe geitonia ths Naoysas, synodeyontas ta ``mpoyloykia'' twn Genitsarwn. Epishs, qa diorganwqoyn dyo diagwnismoi: ``Kalyterhs apokriatikhs diakosmhshs mpalkonioy'' kai ``Kalyterhs karnabalikhs metamfieshs'' me brabeyseis.

KASTORIA

Sthn Kastoria, to brady ths Kyriakhs ths Tyrofagoy, oi kata topoys syllogoi me th syndromh toy dhmoy Kastorias, anaboyn se diafora shmeia ths polhs megales fwties, tis ``Mpoympoynes''. Gyrw apo kaqe fwtia sthnetai xoros me th synodeia paradosiakwn moysikwn organwn (xalkina), kai prosferetai krasi kai tsipoyro kaqws kai edesmata opws xalbas, gia na einai glykia h Sarakosth. Kaqe geitonia prospaqei na anacei thn megalyterh fwtia se ycos kai diarkeia. Sto telos oi pio tolmhroi phdane panw apo th qraka, gia na kaoyn oi cylloi opws legane oi palaioteroi.

Eqimo ths idias bradias einai kai o ``xaskarhs''. Sthn akrh enos klwsth (jylo me to opoio oi noikokyres plaqoyn pites), denoyn mia klwsth kai sthn akrh ths klwsths ena brasmeno aygo. Ton klwsth krata o gerontoteros ths oikogeneias kai me mia elafria kinhsh toy xerioy, to kateyqynei sta stomata twn melwn oi opoioi prospaqoyn gia treis fores na to ``xacoyn''.

H paradosh leei pws to Sarantahmero nhsteias kleinei to stoma me aygo kai anoigei me aygo meta thn Anastash. Sto telos toy eqimoy kaigetai h klwsth kai o oikogeneiarxhs fwnazei ``sitari- sitari- sitari'', h kapoio allo proion poy kalliergoysan, pragma poy symbolizei thn kalh sodeia gia olh thn xronia.

NOMOS QESSALONIKHS

Sth Qessalonikh o kentrikos dhmos programmatizei gia thn Kaqara Deytera plhqos ekdhlwsewn. Jexwrizei h sygkentrwsh twn qessalonikewn, to prwi ths 10hs Martioy, sto alsos toy Seix Soy, opoy qa moirastoyn paradosiaka edesmata, opws laganes kai xalbades, kaqws epishs xartaetoi poy sth synexeia qa ``stolisoyn'' ton oyrano. H ekdhlwsh qa perilambanei akomh moysikoxoreytika paradosiaka sygkrothmata.

Epishs, thn idia mera, ston ayleio xwro toy Politistikoy Kentroy Toympas oi katoikoi qa giortasoyn ta Koyloyma me paradosiaka xoreytika sygkrothmata, maskarades kai jylopodaroys. Stoys pareyriskomenoys qa prosferqoyn apo to dhmo laganes, xalbas, fasolia, elies, taramas kai xartaetoi.

Sto dhmo Neapolhs oi ekdhlwseis, poy jekinhsan thn Tsiknopempth me synaylia sthn plateia Eirhnhs, qa oloklhrwqoyn thn Kaqara Deytera me dwrean diaqesh xalba kai laganas. Jexwrizei h synaylia ths Mariws stis 6 Martioy sthn plateia Eirhnhs kai h apokriatikh pomph, thn epomenh mera, stoys kentrikoys dromoys toy dhmoy

Trihmero poy qa perilambanei kynhgi me krymmeno qhsayro, trianta kabalarhdes, dekapente mazoretes, kaytes brazilianes, prwtogonoys, peirates ths qalassas kai synaylia me toys Locomondo proetoimazei o Dhmos Qermaikoy 8-10 Martioy. Oi ekdhlwseis jekinoyn me to paignidi ``Cajte to qhsayro'' poy diorganwnetai gia prwth fora sth perioxh ths Qessalonikhs me xrhmatika epaqla kai tajidia sto ejwteriko kai sthn Ellada. Thn Kyriakh 9 Martioy qa ginei h megalh parelash twn karnabalistwn kai stoys Neoys Epibates qa anabiwsei to eqimo ths Tzamalas. Prokeitai gia ena megalo arma poy anaparista kati metajy alogoy kai kamhlas.

Sto dhmo Eleyqerioy - Kordelioy thn Kyriakh, 2 Martioy, qa anabiwsei sthn plateia Smyrnhs to apokriatiko eqimo "Kladaria" me ta xalkina ths Kozanhs, enw gia tis 6 toy idioy mhna exei programmatistei apokriatiko parti apo to tmhma Argentinikoy Tagko toy Politistikoy Organismoy toy dhmoy.

Sto dhmo Pylaias h aylaia twn ekdhlwsewn anoije thn Tsiknopempth me apokriatikoys xoroys gia paidia, neoys kai hlikiwmenoys, enw eidika gia fetos h megalh karnabalikh parelash den qa ginei anhmera ths Kyriakhs ths Apokrias alla mia Kyriakh nwritera, stis 2 Martioy. Sthn parelash qa symmetexoyn dekades karnabalistes.

O dhmos Exedwroy diorganwnei gia 14h synexh xronia ekdhlwseis gia tis apokries. Oi ekdhlwseis perilambanoyn moysikh, xoro, tragoydi, metamfieseis, drwmena kai paradosiaka koyloyma.

Ejalloy, sto Fragma Qermhs qa giortastei apo ton dhmo h Kaqara Deytera me xartaetoys, sarakostiana edesmata kai paradosiakh moysikh.

SERRES

Sto nomo Serrwn thn parastash kleboyn oi organwmenes parelaseis armatwn kai maskaradwn poy ginontai thn teleytaia Kyriakh ths Apokrias stoys dhmoys Sidhrokastroy, Skotoysas, Nigritas kai Rodoliboys. Wstoso to karnabali sthn perioxh einai stena synyfasmeno me thn politismikh klhronomia. Kyriarxa stoixeia apoteloyn ta fallika symbola kai h satira, h opoia syndeetai amesa me ta topika drwmena.

Sthn Prwth Serrwn thn teleytaia Kyriakh ths Tyrofagoy, anabiwnei to eqimo ths ?Nterbenas? (Pyrolatreias). To eqimo jekina peripoy dyo mhnes prin, me thn sygkentrwsh poyrnariwn apo kaqe synoikia jexwrista. Stoxos apotelei to poia synoikia qa pragmatopoihsei thn megalyterh ?Nterbena?.

Thn Deytera ths Tyrinhs anabiwnei sthn Agia Elenh toy dhmoy Skoytarews to eqimo toy Kalogeroy. Sto eqimo ayto symmetexoyn mono andres me koryfaio proswpo toy drwmenoy ton ?Kalogero?, o opoios einai ntymenos me probies, nerokolokyqa sto kefali toy, kai piperies sthn koryfh toy. Synodeyetai apo ton ?basilia?, kai apo synodeia paradosiakwn organwn kai oloi mazi xtypane tis portes toy xwrioy.

POLYGYROS

Ston Polygyro Xalkidikhs, oi ekdhlwseis jekinoyn stis 28 Febroyarioy me omades karnabalistwn poy ypodexontai thn apokria sto ``platani toy Koyroy'' me mezedes kai krasi dwrean gia oloys. Akoloyqoyn tis epomenes meres synaylies, egkainia ekqeshs zwgrafikhs kai kataskeywn kai qeatrikes parastaseis.

Thn Kyriakh ths Tyrofagoy diorganwnetai megalh parelash armatwn kai pezoporwn tmhmatwn ston kentriko dromo toy Polygyroy enw thn Kaqara Deytera o Syllogos Katasthmatarxwn Gerakinhs qa prosferei nhstisimoys mezedes kai krasi se oloys toys episkeptes sthn perioxh.

SOXOS

To paradosiako stoixeio exei to karnabali kai sto Soxo Qessalonikhs, opoy thn Kaqara Deytera emfanizontai oi Koydoynoforoi, kataloipo ths dionysiakhs latreias. Me tragomorfes stoles kai koydoynia se olo to swma toys, xoreyoyn stoys dromoys kai tis plateies.

To Sabbato, 9 Martioy, qa anabiwsoyn ta eqima ``Roympa'' kai ``Zapoys''. Sto prwto eqimo ginetai h metafora toy nyfikoy apo toys syggeneis toy gamproy sto spiti ths nyfhs me zoyrnades kai ntaoylia. Kaqenas syggenhs toy gamproy dwrizei xrhmata sth nyfh kai th synodeyei sto xoro. Sto deytero eqimo, anaboyn megales fwties se kaqe geitonia toy xwrioy gia na ``kaoyn oi cylloi'' kai na ejagnistei h fysh.

Stis 10 Martioy, thn Kaqara Deytera, qa anabiwsei to eqimo ths sygxwreshs ``Prostabani''. Oi neoteroi episkeptontai toys gerontoteroys kai filwntas toys to xeri toys prosferane ena portokali legontas ``sygxwremena''. Einai aparaithth proypoqesh gia na eiselqoyn sth nhsteia ths Sarakosths.

KRYA BRYSH

Sthn Krya Brysh oi ekdhlwseis qa exoyn fetos epeteiako xarakthra kaqws giortazontai 20 xronia karnabalioy kai qa einai ploysioteres apo kaqe allh xronia. H megalh parelash armatwn kai karnabalistwn qa pragmatopoihqei thn Kyriakh, 9 Martioy, ston pezodromo ths Kryas Bryshs. Tis prohgoymenes hmeres wstoso, stis 7 kai 8 toy idioy mhna, o pezodromos ths polhs qa ``plhmmyrisei'' apo klooyn kai jylopodaroys gia ta paidia, apo xoreytika sooy me mazoretes, enw qa diorganwqoyn synaylies xip xop, ellhnikoy kai jenoy rok.

KOZANH

Oi ekdhlwseis poy jekinhsan thn Tsiknopempth, kai koryfwnontai thn Kyriakh ths Megalhs Apokrias, 9 Martioy, me parelash armatwn kai omadwn metamfiesmenwn kai me to anamma twn fanwn to brady ths idias meras. Gia ena dwdekahmero h polh zei se ryqmoys paradosiakoy glentioy kai palletai me hxoys xalkinwn, enw ta topika edesmata kyriarxoyn kai to krasi reei afqono.

Apo thn Tsiknopempth kai meta diorganwnontai paidikoi fanoi, enas kaqe mera. Oi mikroi maskarades symmetexoyn ston paidiko fano xoreyontas gyrw apo th fwtia, tragoydwntas kai paizontas paixnidia me krymmenoys qhsayroys. Parallhla sto Dhmotiko Anacykthrio diorganwnontai paidikoi xoroi me moysikh, xoro, podobolhto kai palemata! Thn Paraskeyh 7 Martioy 2008 diorganwnontai ta Sourd Games apo tis 11:00 to prwi ews to meshmeri ths idias meras, sthn kentrikh plateia kai stoys pezodromoys . Sto paixnidi mporoyn na paroyn meros maqhtes hlikias 11-18 etwn poy qa apoteloyn omades 15-25 atomwn, ws sxoleia, tajeis, parees, geitonies k.l.p. kai rixnontai sto stibo ths eygenikhs amillas, gia na anadeixqoyn ta pio gera sioyrdoyntamara.

TRIKALA

Trelo apokriatiko jefantwma me polles ekplhjeis yposxontai oi dhmoi Kalampakas kai Oixalias gia tis Apokries symfwna me to programma ekdhlwsewn poy anakoinwsan. Sto dhmo Kalampakas oi ekdhlwseis jekinoyn apo tis 6 Martioy kai synexizontai olh thn ebdomada. Thn Kyriakh 9 Martioy to 2o kynhgi qhsayroy gia toys mikroys filoys jekina, enw oi megaloi filoi synexizoyn na caxnoyn to qhsayro fqanontas thn agwnia sto katakoryfo. O Mparmpa Giannhs Kanatas synanta toys Jylopodaroys, enw oi nyfes, oi gamproi kai ta sympeqeria antamwnoyn me toys magoys kai toys zogkler kai oloi mazi diaskedazoyn se mia megalh parea spazontas lainia kai plekontas to gaitanaki se mia jekardistikh atmosfaira sthn plateia Rhga Feraioy. To meshmeri ta paradosiaka drwmena metaferontai sto dhmotiko diamerisma Diabas, ston Agio Qodwro, ston Agio Kwnstantino xoreyoyn oloi paradosiaka sthn Ekklhsia ths Panagias, polyxrwma beggalika gemizoyn ton oyrano ths polhs me sxedia. Thn Kaqara Deytera, paradosiaka koyloyma sthn "Tzertzh" kai sta Dhmotika Diamerismata me fasolada, lagana kai krasi.

Pyretwdeis einai oi proetoimasies kai sto Dhmo Oixalias gia to fetino Karnabali, to opoio yposxetai perissotero kefi kai diaskedash gia mikroys kai megaloys. Oi ekdhlwseis qa jekinhsoyn to meshmeri ths Kaqarhs Deyteras kai qa oloklhrwqoyn arga to apogeyma ths idias hmeras.

Symfwna me to programma oi ekdhlwseis qa anoijoyn stis 12 to meshmeri sto kentro toy Dhmotikoy Diamerismatos Oixalias opoy qa prosferontai paradosiakh fasolada, lagana kai diafora sarakostiana edesmata. Ligo argotera kai sygkekrimena stis 2 to meshmeri qa jekinhsei h parelash twn armatwn me thn emfanish gia mia akomh xronia xoreytwn apo thn Brazilia. Thn parelash qa anoijei h Filarmonikh toy Dhmoy Oixalias opoy trianta (30) neara paidia qa paroysiasoyn ena qaymasio programma.

Parallhla empreiroi karnabalistes ths Kastorias qa dwsoyn ena idiaitero tono kai stis fetines ekdhlwseis. Me thn orxhstra toys "Xalkina ths Kastorias" kai thn emfyth xoreytikh toys deinothta qa symparasyroyn toys katoikoys kai toys episkeptes sto xoro sthn kentrikh plateia.

Krhth

To karnabali toy Reqymnoy einai ayto poy anamfisbhthta apotelei thn koryfaia ekdhlwsh twn apokriatikwn ekdhlwsewn sthn Krhth, wstoso dekades einai oi ekdhlwseis poy ginontai kai sto nomo Xaniwn.

Sthn apokaloymenh " nyfh" toy Lybikoy thn Palaioxwra, opws kaqe xrono etsi kai fetos o Dhmos Pelekanoy kai foreis ths perioxhs organwnoyn plhqos ekdhlwsewn poy qa koryfwqoyn me thn megalh parelash toy basilia karnabaloy kai armatwn.,to Sabbato 8 Martioy.

Oi organwtes thn Kyriakh 9 Martioy, programmatizoyn mia akoma giorth me pyrotexnhmata kai polles ekplhjeis enw thn Kaqara Deytera sthn paralia toy Grammenoy organwnoyn ekdhlwsh gia thn sarakosth kai petagma xartaetwn.

Apotelei allwste paradosh gia to nomo Xaniwn to sygkekrimeno karnabali poy jekinhse to 1985 kai apo tote diorganwnetai synexws.

Einai xarakthristiko oti armata karnabalistes kai ekatontades polites qa dwsoyn kai fetos to parwn sthn giorth.

H katalhjh aytoy toy karnabalioy einai h brabeysh toy kalyteroy armatos kai to glenti mexri prwias.

Ektos apo thn Palaioxwra ekdhlwseis gia ton basilia karnabalo organwnontai thn Kyriakh 9 Martioy stis Kalybes toy dhmoy Armenwn sthn Kisamo.kai to Akrwthri.

Mexri ta telh ths dekaetias toy '90 to karnabali ths Soydas htan to idiaitero shmeio anaforas gia ta Xania, wstoso ta teleytaia xronia oi apokriatikes ekdhlwseis exoyn allo xarakthra kai xrwma.

Gia fetos exei programmatisqei thn Tetarth 5 Martioy epideijh kataskeyhs xartaetoy apo melh toy KAPH Soydas sto dhmotiko sxoleio Tsikalariwn enw to Sabbato 8 Martioy organwnetai apokriatikos xoros sthn lesxh ths akadhmias toy Emporikoy Naytikoy.

Thn Kaqara Deytera sto froyrio Koyle sthn arxaia Aptera organwnetai petagma xartaetoy kai paradosiako krhtiko glenti.

Sthn polh twn Xaniwn o Dhmos se synergasia me thn Dhmotikh Politistikh Epixeirhsh organwnoyn seira ekdhlwsewn.

To Sabbato 8 Martioy sthn plateia ths dhmotikhs agoras qa doqei synaylia me thn filarmonikh orxhstra toy dhmoy Xaniwn.

To idio brady sto palio Telwneio organwnetai party metamfiesmenwn , kai thn Kyriakh to prwi ston idio xwro paidiko party.

To meshmeri ths Kyriakhs organwnetai to kynhgi toy qhsayroy, enw thn Kaqara Deytera programmatizetai sto parko toy Agioy Matqaioy paradosiako krhtiko glenti.

[06] Pagkosmia Hmera ths Gynaikas

Symfwna me th UNICEF oi parabiaseis twn dikaiwmatwn twn gynaikwn kai twn koritsiwn ston kosmo einai poikiles :

B· Egklhmata ``timhs'': An kai diaferoyn apo lao se lao, exoyn ena koino paronomasth: th bia kai syxna to fono. Oi epiqeseis me ojy kai oi pyrpolhseis einai synhqeis. Gia paradeigma sto Pakistan ypologizetai pws symbainoyn 1.000 tetoia egklhmata timhs kaqe xrono.

B· ``Egklhmata gia thn proika'': Sthn India ypologizetai pws kaqe xrono 25.000 gynaikes dolofonoyntai h paramorfwnontai gia oikonomikes diafores twn oikogeneiwn.

B· O biasmos ws oplo stoys polemoys: Mia synhqhs praktikh se oles tis sygxrones syrrajeis. Sth genoktonia ths Royanta toy 1994 toylaxiston 500.000 gynaikes biasqhkan kai kakopoihqhkan banaysa.

B· Oi gamoi twn koritsiwn se prwimh hlikia: Sthn Asia to 1 sta 2 koritsia pantreyontai prin ta 18 (9,7 ekatommyria koritsia). Ta antistoixa pososta sthn Afrikh einai 42% kai sth Latinikh Amerikh 29%.

B· H ``epilogh'' toy fyloy twn paidiwn prin apo th gennhsh: H UNICEF ektima pws 1 ekatommyrio qhlyka brefh peqainoyn kaqe xrono ejaitias tetoiwn praktikwn progennhtikhs epiloghs, h akoma kai meta th gennhsh toys, apo brefoktonia. Ws apotelesma, gia paradeigma sthn India se merikes perioxes analogoyn 861 gynaikes gia kaqe 1.000 andres.

B· Anisothta sthn ekpaideysh: To 1 sta 5 koritsia pagkosmiws poy jekinoyn to dhmotiko sxoleio den to teleiwnoyn, enw ypologizetai pws mexri to 2015 qa yparxoyn 6 ekatommyria ligotera koritsia sto sxoleio apo oti agoria pagkosmiws.

B· Sterhsh basikwn dikaiwmatwn ekfrashs kai symmetoxhs: Se xwres opws h Saoydikh Arabia oi gynaikes genika apagoreyetai na chfisoyn h na diekdikhsoyn dhmosio ajiwma, na odhgoyn oxhmata h na tajidecoyn sto ejwteriko. Se alles xwres den exoyn ta antistoixa dikaiwmata se idiokthsia kai klhronomia.

B· Akrwthriasmos twn gynaikeiwn gennhtikwn organwn: Peripoy 3 ekatommyria koritsia kaqe xrono peftoyn qymata ayths ths aparadekths praktikhs kata kyrio logo se arketes Afrikanikes xwres.

[07] Se ychla epipeda to petrelaio

H timh toy elafroy argoy sthn agora ths Sigkapoyrhs kategrafe to prwi anodo kata 13 sents sta 105,60 dolaria to bareli,gia symbolaia paradoshs Aprilioy.

Ayjhmenh kata 8 sents ,sta 102,69 dolaria htan kai h timh toy Mprent ths Boreias Qalassas.

Sthn agora ths Neas Yorkhs,h timh toy elafroy argoy eixe kleisei xqes sta 105,47 dolaria to bareli afoy eftase mia anasa apo ta 106 dolaria,kai sto Londino to Mprent sta 102,61 dolaria.

"Oi times toy petrelaioy anebainoyn kaqws to dolario exei pesei sto katwtero epipedo se sxesh me to eyrw" ektima o analyths Biktor Soym ths etairias Purvin kai

Gertz."Oi times toy petrelaioy kai twn prwtwn ylwn anebainoyn kaqws oi ependytes prospaqoyn na ependysoyn se pio sigoyra pragmata apo to xrhmatisthrio" prosqese.

H isotimia toy dolarioy enanti toy eyrw exei pesei sta xamhlotera epipeda apo thn kykloforia toy eyrwpaikoy nomismatos to 1999.

[08] Epiqesh sthn Ieroysalhm

"Sygkentrwsame megales dynameis sthn Ieroysalhm gia na eggyhqoyme thn asfaleia twn katoikwn", tonise sto stratiwtiko radiofwno o arxhgos ths astynomias ths Ieroysalhm Aaron Franko.

O idios dieykrinise pws h astynomia brisketai "se katastash genikoy synagermoy" se olh th xwra kai pws ta metra ayta elhfqhsan gia to fobo newn epiqesewn, alla kai gia thn piqanothta na yparxoyn antipoina apo israhlinoys ejtremistes.

Sta plaisia twn metrwn asfaleias, h astynomia apagoreyse stoys antres Palaistinioys katw twn 45 etwn thn prosbash sthn Plateia twn Tzamiwn ths Ieroysalhm.

Ta qymata ths epiqeshs sth synoikia Kiriat Mose einai maqhtes hlikias 15 kai 16 etwn.

O drasths ths xqesinhs epiqeshs, enas Palaistinios katoikos toy anatolikoy tomea ths Ieroysalhm, skotwqhke apo pyra astynomikwn. Symfwna me ton Franko, mphke sth sxolh me ena paketo apo to opoio ebgale ena aytomato oplo kai arxise na pyrobolei adiakritws enantion twn nearwn maqhtwn.

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