[01] ``Think Green, think Greece''

Se o,ti afora sthn Ellada, katejoxhn toyristiko proorismo, ``proikismeno'' me polles perioxes ychlhs oikologikhs ajias (dantelwtes aktes, epiblhtika boyna, sphlaia kai faraggia, limnes, potamia, biotopoys, monadika oikosysthmata), exei arxisei na ginetai antilhpth h tash gia filikoteres pros to periballon toyristikes yphresies kai oi memonwmenes prospaqeies epixeirhmatiwn na thn akoloyqhsoyn, stadiaka ejelissontai se ena pio organwmeno montelo, poy ypo thn kaqodhghsh kai me th syndromh ths Politeias, dynatai na apotelesei thn apanthsh sto erwthma ``poio einai to mellon toy toyrismoy sth xwra''. Oikologika katalymata, oikologika kampingk, oikologikes kataskhnwseis, kanoyn thn emfanish toys se paralies kai boyna proselkyontas olo kai perissoteroys paraqeristes.

Me synqhma ``Think Green, think Greece'' dhmioyrgoyme mia nea tash me periballontikh eyaisqhsia kai prasinh prwtoporia, dhlwnei se synenteyjh toy sto APE-MPE o ypoyrgos Toyristikhs Anaptyjhs Arhs Sphliwtopoylos, epishmainontas oti o prasinos toyrismos einai o anajiopoihtos kryfos asos ths Elladas.

O ypoyrgos kalei oloys toys paragontes toy toyristikoy kosmoy na deijoyn oti h Ellada diaqetei periballontiko proswpo kai oxi proswpeio, stelnontas safes mhnyma pros pasa kateyqynsh oti ``stis prasines ependyseis den xwraei h logikh ths arpaxths''.

Akoloyqei to plhres keimeno ths synenteyjhs toy k.Sphliwtopoyloy.

ERWTHSH: Ta teleytaia xronia diapistwnetai mia pagkosmia tash pros tis enallaktikes morfes toyrismoy. Exete diapistwsei anagkh gia eksygxronismo toy qesmikoy plaisioy poy tis diepei, kaqws katatiqentai enstaseis oti sthn Ellada oi epixeirhseis den desmeyontai apo ta periballontika krithria se qemata opws h katanalwsh energeias kai h epibarynsh edafoys kai ydatwn;

APANTHSH: H xrhsh twn enallaktikwn morfwn toyrismoy deixnei to dromo pros to ayrio. Ayto den to lew egw, to lene oles oi epishmes ereynes poy katagrafoyn thn pagkosmia toyristikh tash. Ta teleytaia xronia- kai fantazomai sto mellon akoma perissotero- olo kai megalyteros ariqmos toyristwn qa strefontai pros nees morfes toyrismoy. Se aytes dhladh poy ikanopoioyn ejeidikeymenes anagkes kai poly sygkekrimenes pelateiakes apaithseis. Giati, opws kai na to kanoyme, h epoxh toy mazikopoihmenoy toyristikoy proiontos exei parelqei oristika. Toyto, oso syntomotera to syneidhtopoihsoyme, toso pio apotelesmatika qa askhsoyme thn toyristikh politikh gia th xwra mas. Allwste, apo thn prwth stigmh, kai se synergasia me th dieqnh koinoprajia poy klhronomhsa apo thn prokatoxo moy sto Ypoyrgeio, diapistwqhke h anagkh na jefygoyme apo to palaiomoditiko klise toy hlios qalassa. Na epektaqoyme se nea toyristika proionta me eyryterh pelateiakh bash kai, ws ek toytoy, pio epikerdh apo pleyras eisrohs synallagmatos. Me ajona thn poikilomorfia, th biwsimothta kai thn poiothta employtisame to toyristikoy proion me neoys qematikoys tomeis h, alliws, enallaktikes morfes toyrismoy. Se aythn thn prospaqeia, einai profanes oti qeloyme sto pleyro mas oloys toys dioratikoys kai dhmioyrgikoys epaggelmaties toy kladoy. Osoys dhladh blepoyn to mellon kai antilambanontai thn anagkh na ependysoyn se nea toyristika proionta metajy twn opoiwn asfalws despozoysa qesh katexei o prasinos toyrismos. Einai mexri stigmhs enqarryntiko oti, para tis opoies epimeroys apokliseis arketwn epixeirhsewn- toyristikwn kai mh- apo tis periballontikes prodiagrafes, dhmioyrgeitai mia nea dynamikh. Me thn anaptyjh megalwn ependytikwn sxediwn poy stoxeyoyn se pagkosmies periballontikes prwties. Den einai ligoi malista ekeinoi oi jenodoxoi poy ejetazoyn tropoys ejoikonomhshs energeias metatrepontas to jenodoxeio toys se monada filikh pros to periballon. Ola ayta mas kanoyn na aisiodojoyme.

ER.: Se prosfates episkeceis sas se Nomoys kai synanthseis sas me toys armodioys foreis proxwrhsate se ejaggelies gia dhmioyrgia oikologikwn kampingk kai oikologikwn marinwn. Se ti qa diaforopoioyntai aytes apo tis symbatikes kai poio einai to synoliko ycos twn ependysewn poy sxediazei to ypoyrgeio gia thn anaptyjh toy ``prasinoy'' toyrismoy;

AP.: To programma toy Ypoyrgeioy gia thn anaptyjh toy toyrismoy perilambanei erga poy qa sygxrhmatodothqoyn toso apo thn Etaireia Toyristikhs Anaptyjhs oso kai apo idiwtes. Antilambaneste bebaia oti parallhla dinoyme enan dyskolo agwna dromo wste na mh xaqei oyte ena eyrw apo ta Koinotika Plaisia Sthrijhs. Ola ayta ta ependytika sxedia poy exoyn hdh dromologhqei, problepoyn thn kataskeyh oikologikwn marinwn, kampingk kai ghpedwn gkolf. Se ayta qa hqela na mhn paraleicw na anaferqw sthn kentrikh qesh poy katexei ston programmatismo mas h anasygkrothsh apo tis plhgeises perioxes toy perasmenoy kalokairioy ths limnhs Kaiafa alla kai to xionodromiko kentro toy Parnassoy sto opoio exoyn hdh ginei ergasies eksygxronismoy synolikoy ycoys 5,5 ekat. eyrw. Stoxos einai na dhmioyrghsoyme oso to dynaton perissotera pilotika programmata gia to mellon, giati o prasinos toyrismos einai o tomeas ston opoio mporoyme na apokthsoyme monadiko sygkritiko pleonekthma. Einai o anajiopoihtos kryfos asos ths Elladas. Edw, dhladh, opoy den exoyme akomh antagwnismo apo toys alloys. To protypo programma toy Ypoyrgeioy Toyristikhs Anaptyjhs gia ton prasino toyrismo exei, opws sas eipa, ws gnwmona thn anaptyjh toy prasinoy toyrismoy me mia seira apo eco camping, eco marinas alla kai kainotomes draseis opws periballontikes diadromes, periptera kai parathrhthria. Sas plhroforw oti hdh proxwroyme sthn metatroph arketwn kampingk se oikologika sth Skotina kai sto Palioyri, sthn Asprobalta kai sto Fanari sth Boreia Ellada kaqws kai sth dhmioyrgia oikologikhs marinas sto Palioyri Xalkidikhs. Me synqhma ``Think Green, think Greece'' dhmioyrgoyme mia nea tash me periballontikh eyaisqhsia kai prasinh prwtoporia.

ER.: Proballetai h enstash oti h yparjh arketwn periballontikwn shmatwn poy pistopoioyn thn periballontikh epidosh toyristikwn katalymatwn mporei na prokalesei sygxysh ston toyristiko pelath. Pws skopeyete na thn antimetwpisete;

AP.: O jenos episkepths poy erxetai Ellada, den epilegei tyxaia th xwra mas. Thn jexwrizei gia tis fysikes ths omorfies alla kyriws gia thn poiothta twn parexomenwn yphresiwn kai me krithrio to sebasmo sto periballon. Dioti- to exw pei alla qa to janapw allh mia fora- h toyristikh tash dieqnws kateyqynetai se enallaktikes morfes toyrismoy alla kyriws se proionta poy anadeiknyoyn kai sebontai to fysiko periballon. Gi ayto to logo, prepei na dwsoyme stis toyristikes epixeirhseis th dynatothta na askhsoyn periballontikh politikh, eisagontas diaxeiristikes kai texnikes praktikes gia thn ylopoihsh sygkekrimenwn posotikwn kai poiotikwn stoxwn. H diarkws ayjanomenh zhthsh gia ychlhs poiothtas periballon einai anapofeykto na kinhtopoihsei thn toyristikh biomhxania me apotelesma thn anaptyjh prwtoboyliwn kai ergaleiwn periballontikhs diaxeirishs gia tis toyristikes epixeirhseis. Toso ta systhmata periballontikhs diaxeirishs oso kai to koinotiko systhma aponomhs oikologikoy shmatos gia ta toyristika katalymata apoteloyn oloklhrwmenes parembaseis gia thn prostasia toy periballontos enw mporoyn na apodwsoyn shmantika ofelh, idiaitera stis periptwseis ekeines opoy efarmozetai hdh kapoio systhma diaxeirishs. Apaitoyn kata to sxediasmo kai thn ylopoihsh toy ejeidikeymeno proswpiko, xrono kai desmeysh oikonomikwn porwn. Einai alhqeia, opws kai anamenomeno, polles toyristikes epixeirhseis idiaitera mikroy megeqoys na mhn einai eykolo na antapokriqoyn stis apaithseis kai isws synanthsoyn dysxereies kata thn ajiopoihsh tetoiwn ergaleiwn. Alla, akribws gib aytes tis periptwseis, exoyn anaptyxqei apo dieqneis toyristikoys kai periballontikoys organismoys aploi odhgoi kalhs praktikhs, texnika egxeiridia kai alles prwtoboylies. Shmasia loipon exei na kinhtrodothsoyme toys jenodoxoys kai toys toyristikoys epixeirhmaties prokeimenoy na palecoyn gia na ypaxqoyn stis antistoixes kathgories periballontikhs pistopoihshs. Kai thn antamoibh gia ayto, den qa thn dwsei allos apo ton idio ton jeno kai egxwrio tajideyth.

ER.: Exei arxisei h aponomh toy Eyrwpaikoy Oikologikoy Shmatos (Ecolabel) se ellhnikes toyristikes epixeirhseis kai an nai se poses exei aponemhqei;

AP.: H Eyrwpaikh Epitroph prospaqei na yposthrijei thn enisxysh ths antagwnistikothtas twn toyristikwn epixeirhsewn, mesw ths anaptyjhs kai efarmoghs texnikwn gia th meiwsh twn periballontikwn epiptwsewn. Ena tetoio paradeigma apotelei h prowqhsh toy Eyrwpaikoy Oikologikoy Shmatos ``Ecolabel'' gia toyristika katalymata kaqws kai toy Koinotikoy Systhmatos Oikologikhs Diaxeirishs kai Elegxoy (EMAS: Eco-Management & Audit Scheme) se epixeirhseis toy kladoy. Ta teleytaia xronia, h Eyrwpaikh Epitroph exei syn-xrhmatodothsei arketa erga ta opoia stoxeyoyn na dieykolynoyn thn yioqethsh toy Ecolabel kai toy EMAS, mesw ths dhmioyrgias sygkekrimenwn meswn kai ergaleiwn gia tis toyristikes epixeirhseis. Stoxos twn meswn kai twn ergaleiwn aytwn, einai, metajy allwn, h xrhsh kai ejoikonomhsh energeiakwn kai ydatinwn porwn, oi oikologikes promhqeies, opws p.x. h xrhsh oikologikwn aporrypantikwn kai apolymantikwn, h diaxeirish aporrimmatwn kai h enhmerwsh twn episkeptwn. Sygkekrimeno paradeigma apotelei h prwtoboylia Anwnymhs Sygkritikhs Ajiologhshs (benchmarking) twn periballontikwn epidosewn toyristikwn epixeirhsewn, h opoia exei hdh efarmostei sth Xalkidikh, sto plaisio ergoy me Eyrwpaikh synxrhmatodothsh. Kaqe mera ginontai bhmata, alla prepei na trejoyme me akoma taxyteroys ryqmoys. Einai sto xeri olwn twn paragontwn toy toyristikoy kosmoy na deijoyme oti h Ellada diaqetei periballontiko proswpo kai oxi proswpeio?

ER.: Symmerizeste thn apoch poy exoyn ekfrasei Enwseis Jenodoxwn oti h apokthsh toy shmatos Ecolabel, apaitei mia megalh grafeiokratikh diadikasia kai oti h ethsia syndromh einai dysbastaxth gia tis mikres monades poy qeloyn na apokthsoyn th diapisteysh;

AP.: Kaqe apoch, kaqe diafwnia h enstash einai pantote sebasth kai thn ejetazw poly prosextika. Einai alhqeia oti orismenes enwseis jenodoxwn exoyn ekfrasei kapoies epifylajeis opws aytes poy epishmanate. Koitame pws qa jeperasoyme ta opoia empodia anafyontai kai eimai bebaios oti me kalh proqesh kai diaqesh gia synergasia mporoyme na ta yperboyme. To periballon einai to mellon ths Elladas kai toy toyrismoy ths. Ara edw yparxei enas logos parapanw poy h synergia, h synennohsh kai- giati oxi;- h katanohsh einai pio shmantikh apo pote.

ER.: Prosfata anakoinwsate oti to ypoyrgeio proxwra apo koinoy me thn Panellhnia Omospondia Jenodoxwn (POJ) se meleth, wste na katagrafoyn ola ta oikologika jenodoxeia poy yparxoyn sth xwra kai na kaqoristoyn ta krithria gia thn pistopoihsh toys. Pote anamenetai na oloklhrwqei h meleth ayth;

AP.: To syntomotero dynaton. Antilambaneste oti den mporw na sas pw an qa exei oloklhrwqei se ena h se deka mhnes, alla h kalh synergasia toy Ypoyrgeioy Toyristikhs Anaptyjhs kai ths Panellhnias Omospondias Jenodoxwn qewrw oti prokatalambanei ena idiaitera qetiko apotelesma. Poy den qa einai allo apo thn katagrafh twn oikologikwn jenodoxeiwn poy yparxoyn sth xwra kai ston kaqorismo twn krithriwn gia thn pistopoihsh toys. H POJ kateqese mia protash gia thn ekponhsh programmatos pistopoihshs kai xorhghshs eidikoy shmatos Eco-Hotels se jenodoxeiakes monades poy throyn politikh filikh pros to periballon ws pros tis ypodomes, tis yphresies kai tis ekpaideytikes toys drasthriothtes. Thn apodexthka me megalh ikanopoihsh afoy qewrw oti h swsth organwsh, o kaqorismos sygkekrimenwn krithriwn kai h epibrabeysh twn oikologikwn jenodoxeiwn deixnei to dromo gia mia perissotero filikh pros to periballon toyristikh anaptyjh. Ayto qa einai to diabathrio ths toyristikhs Elladas pros to mellon.

ER.: H xwra mas shmera einai se qesh na antapokriqei sth zhthsh- kyriws apo xwres ths Kentrikhs kai Boreias Eyrwphs- toyristikwn katalymatwn kai yphresiwn filikwn pros to periballon;

AP.: Kanoyme shmantika bhmata. Prepei asfalws na trejoyme me akoma megalyterh taxythta gia na proselkysoyme to megalo pelateiako reyma entos ki ektos Eyrwphs poy epizhtei filikes pros to periballon toyristikes yphresies. An, gia kapoioys, h prostasia toy periballontos einai epikairh epeidh to epiballei h aisqhtikh twn kairwn, gia emas einai anagkaia epeidh thn epiballei h idia h zwh. H prostasia toy periballontos den synista mono mia hqikh ypoxrewsh, alla mia shmantikh anaptyjiakh toyristikh eykairia gia th xwra mas. Eqnikos stoxos einai na anadeijoyme thn Ellada se koryfaio toyristiko proorismo sthn pagkosmia skhnh. Toyrismos kai periballon einai ennoies allhlendetes. Kai eimai baqytata pepeismenos oti h Ellada exei th dynatothta na edraiwqei metajy twn koryfaiwn proorismwn kai na anadeixqei se pagkosmia dynamh toy toyristikoy xarth. Gib ayto, dinoyme sygkekrimena kinhtra gia prasinh anaptyjh kai se epipedo ypodomwn kai se epipedo leitoyrgias. To neo anaptyjiako protypo gia ton toyrismo einai amesa syndedemeno kai qa tolmoysa na pw ejarthmeno, apo thn ikanothta mas na prostateyoyme to periballon, na diaxeirizomaste toys fysikoys poroys kai na enswmatwnoyme thn paradosh kai thn arxitektonikh se nees morfes toyrismoy poy qa mas dwsoyn antagwnistiko pleonekthma alla kai sygkritiko oikonomiko pleonekthma. Ayto shmainei gia emas prasinos toyrismos. Ayto telika shmainei sygxronh toyristikh anaptyjh gia thn Ellada toy 21oy aiwna.

ER.: Exete kanei logo gia ``nootropia arpaxths''. Yparxei kindynos h pagkosmia tash gia filikoteres pros to periballon toyristikes yphresies na proselkysei sto xwro anqrwpoys poy exoyn ws skopo mono to proskairo kerdos kai an nai ti metra skopeyete na parete etsi wste ayto na apofeyxqei;

AP.: Qewrw laqos mia tetoia antilhch gia ton aploystato logo oti opoios epilegei na enapoqesei ta xrhmata toy se periballontikes toyristikes ependyseis jerei oti h prooptikh kerdoys exei makroproqesmh bash. Stis prasines ependyseis den xwraei h logikh ths arpaxths. Allwste, ta periballontika krithria poy tiqentai einai toso aysthra poy den afhnoyn periqwria gia kairoskopoys kai kakoys epaggelmaties. Aytoi oi ligoi oytws h allws, stadiaka periqwriopoioyntai, apomonwnontai. Kai mazi me aytoys kai h logikh toy grhgoroy kai eykoloy kerdoys.

OIKOLOGIKES DIAKOPES STHN ELLADA: TA DEDOMENA SHMERA

Sthn Ellada o oikologikos toyrismos eiqistai na taytizetai me enallaktikes morfes toyrismoy, opws o oikotoyrismos, o agrotoyrismos h o toyrismos Ypaiqroy, proseggish poy apodeiknyetai lanqasmenh, kaqws afenos yparxoyn kai toyristikes yphresies ychlwn prodiagrafwn filikes pros to periballon (jenodoxeia polyteleias, ghpeda golf, oikologikes marines), afeteroy yparxoyn agrotoyristikes epixeirhseis poy den desmeyontai apo periballontika krithria.

``Me ton oro Oikologikos Toyrismos ennooyme toyrismo me oikologiko politiko prosanatolismo, enw me ton oro Oikotoyrismos synantame ton qematiko toyrismo se perioxes NATURA, toyrismo se ygrobiotopoys, alla akoma kai toyrismo se perioxes oi opoies einai ypoanaptyktes'', ejhgei sto APE-MPE o grammateas ths Astikhs mh Kerdoskopikhs Etairias ``Agrojenia'', Dhmhtrhs Mixahlidhs. ``Shmera'', prosqetei, ``se enan xwro oikologikoy toyrismoy prepei na yparxoyn toylaxiston dyo diktya neroy, ena gia xrhsh apo anakyklwmeno nero kai ena gia posimo, o ejoplismos na apoteleitai apo ylika mikrhs enqalpias, opws jylina epipla, systhmata qermanshs h cyjhs me fysikes meqodoys (ylika megalhs qermikhs adraneias), biologikoi kaqarismoi xwris katanalwsh energeias''.

SEBASMOS STO PERIBALLON ME PISTOPOIHSH

Symfwna me sxetikes ereynes, oi periballontika eyaisqhtopoihmenoi toyristes h oikotoyristes einai pio eyporoi katanalwtes, gegonos poy synepagetai kalytera oikonomika apotelesmata gia th xwra poy toys ypodexetai. H oikologikh shmansh twn toyristikwn yphresiwn einai h basikoterh proypoqesh gia thn proselkysh toys, mia pragmatikothta poy exoyn antilhfqei kai oi megaloi tour operators toy ejwterikoy, oi opoioi zhtoyn apo ta jenodoxeia poy synergazontai na apodeiknyoyn thn periballontikh toys desmeysh.

Sthn Ellada yparxoyn arketa oikologika shmata kai sfragides periballontikhs poiothtas (ISO 14001/EMAS). H Eyrwpaikh Epitroph qespise prin apo merika xronia- me thn apofash 2003/287/EK- ta krithria gia thn aponomh toy Eyrwpaikoy Oikologikoy Shmatos (Ecolabel) stis yphresies paroxhs toyristikwn katalymatwn, to opoio exei skopo thn epibrabeysh kai thn probolh twn katalymatwn poy yioqetoyn praktikes kai symballoyn sth meiwsh ths rypanshs kai genikotera sthn prostasia toy periballontos.

Ta krithria ayta aforoyn ston periorismo twn kyrioterwn epiptwsewn sto periballon kata th diarkeia kai twn triwn fasewn toy kykloy zwhs ths toyristikhs yphresias (agora, paroxh yphresias, apoblhta) kai eidikotera stoxeyoyn sthn ejoikonomhsh energeias kai neroy, ston periorismo apoblhtwn kai aporrimmatwn, sth xrhsh ananewsimwn phgwn energeias, sth diaxeirish xhmikwn oysiwn kai sthn periballontikh ekpaideysh kai epikoinwnia.

To shma Ecolabel, me emblhma ena loyloydi, exei jekinhsei hdh na aponemetai se ellhnikes toyristikes epixeirhseis, poy ekplhrwsan ta apaitoymena krithria (ta jenodoxeia Eagle Palace kai Pella Beach sth Xalkidikh, to Sunwing Resort Kallithea sth Rodo k.a.), enw arketes akomh jekinhsan tis diadikasies gia thn pistopoihsh toys.

OIKOLOGIKA KAMPINGK KAI KATASKHNWSEIS

Prosfata h Eyrwpaikh Epitroph qespise oikologika krithria gia thn aponomh toy shmatos Ecolabel kai se kampingk.

Ta kampingk apoteloyn oytws h allws mia hpia morfh toyrismoy, kaqws se ayta problepetai h elaxisth dynath domhsh kai ypoxrewtikh dendrofyteysh, wstoso sthn Ellada den yparxei plaisio nomoy poy na kaqorizei ton oro oikologiko, leei sto APE-MPE o antinomarxhs Toyrismoy Xalkidikhs, Dionyshs Aristotelidhs, kalwsorizontas, pantws, thn prwtoboylia toy ypoyrgeioy Toyristikhs Anaptyjhs gia thn dhmioyrgia mia seiras oikologikwn kampingk.

Thn anagkh eksygxronismoy toy qesmikoy plaisioy gia ton oikologiko toyrismo, wste na enswmatwqoyn kai oi prosfates odhgies ths Eyrwpaikhs Enwshs, epishmainei kai o proedros ths Enwshs Kampingk Xalkidikhs kai antiproedros ths Panellhnias Enwshs, Antwnhs Delhdhmhtrioy. Sth Xalkidikh, symfwna me ton k.Delhdhmhtrioy, ta perissotera kampingk -ta 25 megalytera sto synolo twn 40- efarmozoyn me dikh toys prwtoboylia periballontikes draseis opws anakyklwsh, diaxeirish skoypidiwn, ekmetalleysh ananewsimwn phgwn energeias, epilogh biologikwn proiontwn k.a.

O oikologikos toyrismos exei brei polla pedia anaptyjhs, paramenei wstoso pantote synyfasmenos me drasthriothtes poy prosferoyn stoys anqrwpoys eykairies gia gnwrimia me to periballon kai thn ypaiqro. Stis enallaktikes kataskhnwseis, poy leitoyrgoyn se olh th xwra, ta mikra paidia erxontai se amesh epafh me th Fysh symmetexontas stis sxetikes drasthriothtes (mporoyn na qerisoyn, na zymwsoyn ta idia to cwmi toys, na frontisoyn ta zwa mias farmas k.a.).

Qa prepei na shmeiwqei oti prin apo liges hmeres h Ellada anelabe -gia ta epomena tessera xronia- thn Proedria ths Epitrophs gia th Biwsimh Anaptyjh toy Toyrismoy, toy Pagkosmioy Organismoy Toyrismoy (UNWTO), gegonos poy anamenetai na dwsei thn eykairia kai th dynatothta gia analhch prwtoboyliwn poy qa dwsoyn megalyterh wqhsh ston oikologiko toyrismo sth xwra mas.

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