RFE/RL Newsline, Vol. 4, No. 142, 00-07-26

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RFE/RL NEWSLINE

Vol. 4, No. 142, 26 July 2000

CONTENTS

[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

[01] ARMENIA ASSESSES POLITICAL IMPACT OF PARLIAMENT SHOOTINGS

[02] KARABAKH PROSECUTOR REJECTS GENERAL'S DEMAND TO BE TRIED IN

[03] AZERBAIJAN REJECTS U.S. CRITICISM OF ELECTION LAW AMENDMENTS

[04] RUSSIA BANS ENTRY TO TRUCKS FROM AZERBAIJAN

[05] U.S. PLEDGES SUPPORT FOR GEORGIA

[06] BALCEROWICZ TEAM ARRIVES IN GEORGIA

[07] GEORGIAN INSURGENT LEADER BURIED

[08] KAZAKHSTAN'S CABINET NEGOTIATES RESUMPTION OF WATER SUPPLIES

[09] PROSECUTOR DEMANDS EIGHT YEARS' IMPRISONMENT FOR KYRGYZ

[10] KYRGYZ HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVIST ACCUSES AUTHORITIES OF

[11] TURKMENISTAN, UKRAINE RESOLVE GAS DEBT DISPUTE

[12] UZBEKISTAN SOLICITS TEXTBOOKS FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES

[B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

[13] CRISIS IN SLOVENIAN GOVERNMENT

[14] NATO 'SENDS SIGNAL' FROM MACEDONIA

[15] YUGOSLAV ARMY REOPENS MONTENEGRIN-ALBANIAN FRONTIER

[16] NICE WORDS BUT NO PLEDGES FOR DJUKANOVIC

[17] SERBIAN OPPOSITION UNITED--ALMOST--FOR ELECTIONS

[18] FILIPOVIC DENIES 'ESPIONAGE' CHARGES

[19] VETERAN YUGOSLAV DIPLOMAT DIES

[20] KOSOVA SERBS PROTEST VOTING REGISTRATION

[21] TENSE ATMOSPHERE IN NORTHEAST BOSNIA

[22] DODIK TO RUN AS MODERATE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE

[23] ALBANIAN PREMIER PLEDGES CRACKDOWN ON SMUGGLING

[24] OPEN QUESTIONS ON ZAGREB SUMMIT

[25] ROMANIAN PREMIER RESPONDS TO OPPOSITION LEADER

[26] ROMANIAN COURT SAYS SAVINGS BANK MUST COMPENSATE INVESTORS

[27] HUNGARIAN POLITICIAN WARNS AGAINST UDMR'S DISMEMBERMENT

[28] MOLDOVAN PRESIDENT CALLS FOR EARLY PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS

[29] BULGARIA AMENDS LEGAL RULES TO APPEASE LIBYA

[C] END NOTE

[30] MOSCOW STEPS UP PRESSURE ON GEORGIA

[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

[01] ARMENIA ASSESSES POLITICAL IMPACT OF PARLIAMENT SHOOTINGS

claimed that Armenia "was on the verge of chaos" following

the shooting of eight officials in the parliament on 27

October, RFE/RL's Yerevan bureau reported. He said that

existing power structures proved too weak to prevent a power

vacuum and that only fate prevented further violence. But

Foreign Minister Vartan Oskanian was more upbeat, stressing

that subsequent political developments did not violate the

constitutional framework. Oskanian added that the appointment

in May of Andranik Markarian as premier marked the end of the

"transition phase" that began with the surrender of the five

gunmen the day after the killings as well as the "restoration

of stability." The two men were speaking at a round table

jointly convened by the German Embassy and the daily

newspaper "Azg," according to Armenpress. LF

[02] KARABAKH PROSECUTOR REJECTS GENERAL'S DEMAND TO BE TRIED IN

The Prosecutor-General's Office of the unrecognized

Nagorno-Karabakh Republic issued a statement on 25 July

rejecting the demand by the enclave's former Defense Minister

Samvel Babayan to be tried in an Armenian court, RFE/RL's

Yerevan bureau reported. Babayan is accused of masterminding

the 22 March attempt to assassinate Karabakh President

Arkadii Ghukasian. The statement said Babayan's demand is at

odds with the enclave's criminal legislation, and it said his

claims that he was twice beaten in detention are aimed at

disorienting the public and casting doubts on the fairness of

the investigation. LF

[03] AZERBAIJAN REJECTS U.S. CRITICISM OF ELECTION LAW AMENDMENTS

said on 25 July that a U.S. State Department official's

criticism the previous day of the Azerbaijani parliament's

amendment of the law on the Central Electoral Commission

constitutes "an effort to strengthen cooperation between the

authorities and the opposition," Turan reported (see "RFE/RL

Newsline," 24 and 25 July 2000). But Hasanov added that the

parliament had no choice but to enact those amendments as the

opposition boycott of the commission's meetings had virtually

precluded cooperation. He attributed that boycott to the

"political ambitions" of unnamed members of the opposition

Azerbaijan Popular Front and Azerbaijan National Independence

Party. Siyavush Novruzov, a leading member of the ruling Yeni

Azerbaycan party, said that to bow to the U.S. demand that

the amendments be annulled would be tantamount to denying

that Azerbaijan is an independent state. LF

[04] RUSSIA BANS ENTRY TO TRUCKS FROM AZERBAIJAN

guards have stopped allowing trucks from Azerbaijan to cross

into Russian territory, Turan reported on 25 July. Some 100

vehicles are currently stranded at the border between

Azerbaijan and Daghestan. A senior Azerbaijani road transport

official told the agency that the Russian side is demanding

that all trucks entering the country be equipped with

expensive modern tachometers that cannot be used in Soviet-

era vehicles. LF

[05] U.S. PLEDGES SUPPORT FOR GEORGIA

has responded to a letter from his Georgian counterpart,

Eduard Shevardnadze, by affirming support for Georgia's

efforts to overcome its economic problems, eliminate

corruption, and improve tax-collection, Caucasus Press

reported on 25 July. Shevardnadze's foreign policy adviser

Gela Charkviani said Clinton also pledged assistance in

trying to resolve the Abkhaz conflict, according to AP.

Interfax quoted the Georgian State Chancellery as saying that

Clinton assured Shevardnadze that Washington is closely

monitoring the situation in the Caucasus and the impact on

Georgian-Russian relations of the war in Chechnya (see also

"End Note"). LF

[06] BALCEROWICZ TEAM ARRIVES IN GEORGIA

Premier Leszek Balcerowicz and a team of economic experts

arrived in Georgia on 25 July, Interfax and Caucasus Press

reported. They will undertake a preliminary study of the

Georgian economy in preparation for Balcerowicz's assuming

his duties as Shevardnadze's economic adviser next month.

Speaking in Tbilisi on 24 July, former Georgian Premier

Tengiz Sigua predicted that Balcerowicz will be hard-pressed

to repeat in Georgia the "economic miracle" he achieved in

Poland, Caucasus Press reported. Sigua pointed out that the

shadow economy in Poland accounted for only 15-20 percent of

GDP, as compared with 70 percent in Georgia. Former Georgian

Economy Minister Lado Papava, for his part, termed

Shevardnadze's decision to engage Balcerowicz "insulting."

But Shevardnadze argues that Balcerowicz's acceptance of the

post demonstrates that "Georgia is not a hopeless case." LF

[07] GEORGIAN INSURGENT LEADER BURIED

buried the slain colonel on 25 July, 16 days after he died at

the hands of Georgian security officials, Caucasus Press

reported. Eliava's relatives had earlier said they would bury

him only after the Georgian authorities released three of his

lieutenants whom they apprehended on 9 July (see "RFE/RL

Newsline," 19 and 24 July 2000). Eliava's supporters will

launch mass protests if those men are not released within

three weeks, opposition parliamentary deputy Elizbar

Djavelidze told Caucasus Press. LF

[08] KAZAKHSTAN'S CABINET NEGOTIATES RESUMPTION OF WATER SUPPLIES

been resumed following talks last week between the

governments of the two countries, Interfax reported on 25

July. Rasul Zhumaly, who is Prime Minister Qasymzhomart

Toqaev's press spokesman, told journalists in Astana that

Kyrgyzstan agreed to resume water supplies in accordance with

a bilateral agreement signed last year, while Kazakhstan in

return will supply coal to Kyrgyzstan. It is not clear

whether similar talks with Tajikistan were likewise

successful (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 19 July 2000). LF

[09] PROSECUTOR DEMANDS EIGHT YEARS' IMPRISONMENT FOR KYRGYZ

At the trial of opposition Ar-Namys party

chairman Feliks Kulov, the prosecutor has demanded an eight-

year prison sentence for the defendant, RFE/RL's Bishkek

bureau reported on 25 July. Kulov went on trial last month by

a closed military court on charges of abuse of his official

position while serving in the early1990s as security

minister. LF

[10] KYRGYZ HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVIST ACCUSES AUTHORITIES OF

Speaking at a press conference in Vienna on 25

July, Ramazan Dyryldaev, who is chairman of the Human Rights

Committee of Kyrgyzstan, accused the Kyrgyz authorities of

trying to silence his organization in the runup to the 29

October presidential poll, RFE/RL's Kyrgyz Service reported.

The Human Rights Committee's Bishkek offices were temporarily

sealed by police last week, trapping a committee staffer on

the premises. Kyrgyz police last week also issued a warrant

for Dyryldaev's arrest and detained his son Almaz (see

"RFE/RL Newsline," 21 July 2000). International Helsinki

Federation for Human Rights executive director Aaron Rhodes

said the Kyrgyz authorities' move against the committee was

unjustified. He said that neither human rights activists nor

the media are part of the political opposition in Kyrgyzstan.

"They're simply trying to do their jobs as professionals,

analyzing the situation," Rhodes said. LF

[11] TURKMENISTAN, UKRAINE RESOLVE GAS DEBT DISPUTE

in Ashgabat on 25 July with visiting Ukrainian Deputy Premier

Yuliya Timoshenko, Turkmenistan's President Saparmurat

Niyazov agreed to extend by two years the deadline for

repayment of Kyiv's restructured debt for deliveries of

natural gas in 1993-1994, Interfax reported. One third of the

total $211 million debt must be paid in cash before the end

of 2002, and the remainder in goods and services for

Turkmenistan's oil and gas sector. In addition, before the

end of this year Ukraine will pay $27 million out of a total

$107 million owed to Turkmenistan by Naftohaz Ukrainy. It is

not clear whether agreement was also reached on further

Ukrainian purchases of Turkmen gas or when deliveries, which

were halted in May 1999, will be resumed. LF

[12] UZBEKISTAN SOLICITS TEXTBOOKS FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES

Uzbek cabinet has written to the Education Ministries of

Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan

requesting consignments of textbooks in those languages for

use in Uzbek schools where the language of instruction is

that of one of those countries, Interfax reported on 25 July.

In return, Uzbekistan has offered to provide Uzbek-language

text books for Uzbek communities in neighboring states. The

exchange of text books is to be partly financed by foreign

loans, including $20 million from the Asian Development Bank.

LF

[B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

[13] CRISIS IN SLOVENIAN GOVERNMENT

voted on 25 July to keep a proportional system of voting in

the parliamentary elections due in the fall. Voting for the

proportional system were the opposition parties and the

leading partner in the governing coalition, the People's

Party (SLS/SDK). Prime Minister Andrej Bajuk, who is himself

a member of the SLS/SDK, Janez Jansa's conservative Social

Democrats, and the small National Party favored a majority

voting system. Representatives of the two governing parties

met the next day and agreed that their coalition agreement is

dead, Reuters reported. The Social Democrats' spokeswoman

accused the SLS/SDK of violating the coalition pact, which,

she said, called for a "winner-take-all" majority voting

system. She added, however, that the coalition will continue

in office until the fall, stressing that "the main task of

the...government is to continue Slovenia's preparations for

[joining] the European Union, and this should not depend upon

problems in internal politics." PM

[14] NATO 'SENDS SIGNAL' FROM MACEDONIA

Europe U.S. General Joseph Ralston visited three Macedonian

army barracks on the border with Serbia on 25 July, dpa

reported. He said that "it is important to send the signal to

neighboring countries that Macedonia is tied to the

[Atlantic] alliance." After meeting with President Boris

Trajkovski and Defense Minister Nikola Kljusev, he pledged

that NATO will do all it can to secure the border between

Macedonia and Kosova, where there have been several incidents

since the beginning of 2000. Ralston added that he expects

"the Macedonian military to do the same" as NATO in guarding

the frontier. PM

[15] YUGOSLAV ARMY REOPENS MONTENEGRIN-ALBANIAN FRONTIER

troops pulled back to their former positions after briefly

closing the Bozaj frontier between Albania and Podgorica,

RFE/RL's South Slavic Service reported on 25 July (see

"RFE/RL Newsline," 25 July 2000). An unspecified number of

Albanian citizens have meanwhile entered Montenegro without

visas. In Belgrade, both houses of the federal parliament

approved a hike of up to 50 percent in the sales tax to

benefit the army. PM

[16] NICE WORDS BUT NO PLEDGES FOR DJUKANOVIC

Minister Joschka Fischer said in Berlin on 25 July that his

government supports moves by Montenegrin President Milo

Djukanovic aimed at promoting democracy and market reforms.

Fischer did not, however, make any concrete promises of

assistance for his guest. For his part, Djukanovic pledged to

avoid provoking Milosevic or doing anything that could lead

to a new conflict. PM

[17] SERBIAN OPPOSITION UNITED--ALMOST--FOR ELECTIONS

Belgrade on 25 July to accept the recommendations of a

committee of experts that they run joint lists of candidates

in the local elections widely expected in the fall. The

parties will decide whether to take part in the federal

legislative and presidential elections after they meet with

the Montenegrin leadership in the coming week, RFE/RL's South

Slavic Service reported. Democratic Party leader Zoran

Djindjic argued that Milosevic fears elections. Some

observers suggested that Milosevic wants a vote shortly

before a fresh round of hyperinflation sets in. Vuk

Draskovic's Serbian Renewal Movement, which is the largest

single opposition party, did not take part in the talks.

Draskovic said in Athens that he refuses to give legitimacy

to Milosevic's recent constitutional changes by taking part

in the elections. On 26 July, "Blic" published the results of

a recent poll suggesting that a united opposition could

defeat Milosevic and his coalition. PM

[18] FILIPOVIC DENIES 'ESPIONAGE' CHARGES

journalist Miroslav Filipovic entered a plea of not guilty

for his client in a Nis military court on 25 July (see

"RFE/RL Newsline," 25 July 2000). Among other things,

Filipovic is charged with "spreading false information" by

writing an article about atrocities committed by Serbian

forces in Kosova in 1999. PM

[19] VETERAN YUGOSLAV DIPLOMAT DIES

Belgrade on 25 July of communist-era diplomat Dusan Strbac,

"Danas" reported. During his long career, Strbac served as

ambassador to the U.S. and to Italy and was given a top-level

posting in Moscow. PM

[20] KOSOVA SERBS PROTEST VOTING REGISTRATION

Serbs demonstrated in Leposaviq on 25 July against the OSCE's

recent voter registration drive as well as against the

elections slated for the fall (see "RFR/RL Newsline," 25 July

2000). AP reported that some Serbs in Leposaviq had wanted to

register but that they were intimidated by pro-Belgrade hard-

liners. PM

[21] TENSE ATMOSPHERE IN NORTHEAST BOSNIA

Janja on 26 July following a series of incidents between

Serbs and returning Muslim residents. At least 10 people have

been injured in the incidents in recent days, AP reported. PM

[22] DODIK TO RUN AS MODERATE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE

Minister Milorad Dodik will be the candidate of his

Independent Social Democrats in the upcoming elections for

Republika Srpska president. The moderate Sloga (Concord)

coalition is expected to support him, RFE/RL's South Slavic

Service reported on 25 July. PM

[23] ALBANIAN PREMIER PLEDGES CRACKDOWN ON SMUGGLING

said in a letter to Italian Prime Minister Giuliano Amato on

25 July that his government will enact tougher legislation

against smugglers operating between the two countries. The

previous day, two Italian policemen were killed when an

Albanian smuggler rammed his ship into the policemen's patrol

boat. The incident has provoked outrage in Italy, where many

consider Albania a source of crime, smuggling, and illegal

immigrants, Reuters reported. Amato is due to visit Tirana on

28 July. PM

[24] OPEN QUESTIONS ON ZAGREB SUMMIT

will include all former Yugoslav republics that have or

aspire to have a Stabilization and Association Agreement with

Brussels, RFE/RL's South Slavic Service reported. These are

Bosnia, Croatia, and Macedonia as well as neighboring

Albania. It is not clear whether Montenegro or the Serbian

opposition will be invited and, if so, in what capacity.

Slovenia has expressed interest in attending, as have some

other neighboring countries that are not EU members. PM

[25] ROMANIAN PREMIER RESPONDS TO OPPOSITION LEADER

Minister Mugur Isarescu, responding to a letter addressed

to him by former President Ion Iliescu (see "RFE/RL

Newsline," 25 July 2000), said on 25 July that postponing

parliamentary elections "was not his idea, nor did he

express support for it," government spokeswoman Gabriela

Vranceanu-Firea told journalists, according to Mediafax. MS

[26] ROMANIAN COURT SAYS SAVINGS BANK MUST COMPENSATE INVESTORS

savings bank CEC must compensate investors who lost savings

when the national Investment Fund collapsed. CEC had

guaranteed investments in the fund but after the collapse

claimed that the guarantee was invalid because it carried

the signature only of its former manager, instead of two

managers, as required by existing regulations. Former

manager Camenco Petrovici is being held for questioning.

The court did not specify the amount of compensation for

the 3 trillion lei ($150 million) lost by investors owing

to the fund's collapse. CEC has 15 days to appeal the

ruling. MS

[27] HUNGARIAN POLITICIAN WARNS AGAINST UDMR'S DISMEMBERMENT

on 24 July warned against the possible dismemberment of the

Hungarian Democratic Federation of Romania (UDMR) as a

result of the internal strife between the "radical" and the

"moderate" wings of the party, Mediafax reported. Speaking

at the opening meeting of the 11th annual session of the

traditional "Balvanyos Summer University" in Baile Tusnad,

Koever said the UDMR's unity must be preserved, and he

criticized those "ready to wage deadly wars" within the

party, regardless of the "enormous damage" such conflicts

inflict on the Magyar community in Romania. He said the

internal conflicts in the UDMR serve "neither the interest

of the [Hungarian] government nor those of the [Hungarian]

minority," but he added that UDMR's problems cannot be

solved by the Hungarian cabinet or by FIDESZ. MS

[28] MOLDOVAN PRESIDENT CALLS FOR EARLY PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS

possible way out of the present constitutional impasse is

for the parliament to agree to early elections and leave

the next legislature to decide what happens to his

initiative on increasing the presidential powers. Lucinschi

called on lawmakers "to be men" and let the electorate

decide whether it agrees to their decision to change the

Moldovan system from a semipresidential to a parliamentary

one. He said the parliament cannot disregard the results of

the non-binding referendum of 23 May 1999, in which 769,000

Moldovans backed his initiative to change the system into a

full-fledged presidential one. MS

[29] BULGARIA AMENDS LEGAL RULES TO APPEASE LIBYA

25 July amended the bar law to allow foreign lawyers to

defend their compatriots in Bulgarian courts, Reuters

reported. The amendment went into effect immediately. A

Libyan court last week ruled that a Bulgarian lawyer could

take part in the defense of the six Bulgarian nationals on

trial in Libya only if Libyan lawyers were allowed to

defend fellow nationals in Bulgarian courts. Defense lawyer

Vladimir Sheitanov told Reuters he "hopes the Libyan side

will appreciate this good-will gesture and respond by

allowing me to represent my clients in court." The six

Bulgarians, whose trial will resume in September, are

charged with willfully infecting children in a Benghazi

hospital with the HIV virus. If found guilty, they are

likely to face the death sentence. MS

[C] END NOTE

[30] MOSCOW STEPS UP PRESSURE ON GEORGIA

An article in a Russian government newspaper

suggests that Moscow may be preparing to launch a new

campaign to force Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze

to become more cooperative with the Russian Federation.

The Russian military newspaper "Krasnaya zvezda" on

25 July sharply criticized the Georgian government for

allowing a Chechen information center to operate in

Tbilisi, a story picked up and given broader circulation

by the ITAR-TASS news agency. The newspaper said that

Moscow had officially protested the existence of this

center but that Georgia had ignored Russia's demand that

the Chechen center be closed.

This Russian complaint is part of a broader effort

by Moscow to seek the closure of pro-Chechen

organizations around the world. In the last few weeks

alone, the Russian authorities have criticized Ukraine,

the U.S. and other countries for allowing unofficial

Chechen representations to operate in their capitals.

Indeed, Russian criticism of Tbilisi on this point

appears to be part of a larger campaign--some of it in

public, like the latest Moscow article, and some of it

through diplomatic channels--against the independent

approach Shevardnadze has shown in his dealings with

Moscow and the Russian-sponsored Commonwealth of

Independent States.

Since returning to Georgia in 1992, Shevardnadze

has sought closer relations with the West, something

many in Moscow view as an effort to distance his country

from Russia. He has also promoted pipeline routes like

Baku-Ceyhan and organizations like GUUAM (a trade and

security grouping comprising Georgia, Ukraine,

Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, and Moldova), both of which

Moscow opposes and has tried to disrupt.

Diplomats who have met with Shevardnadze since the

last CIS summit in Moscow say that he has sometimes

appeared shaken by the new harder line taken by Russian

President Vladimir Putin. A confirmation of that may be

the apparent rush of the Georgian president to appear

more agreeable with Moscow. Earlier this week, for

example, Shevardnadze categorically rejected Russian

media reports that $34 million had passed through

Chechen missions in Georgia and elsewhere to anti-Moscow

Chechen fighters. He went out of his way to say that

Russia is acting "absolutely correctly and without

delay" in its efforts "to strengthen the border," noting

that Georgia, too, is working to strengthen security

along that frontier. The OSCE recently deployed several

dozen observers along that border.

Shevardnadze's remarks come on the heels of three

other developments that appear to be part of a new

Russian campaign against him. First and perhaps most

significant, an extraordinary congress of the People's

Patriotic Union of Georgia last weekend called for the

creation of "a fraternal and equal union between Georgia

and Russia." This group, which unites 18 left-wing

parties and groups in Georgia, issued an appeal to Putin

saying that "in the fraternal constellation of a new

union, Georgia will be able to restore its virtually

lost independence and territorial integrity and revive

the country's economy."

Such appeals parallel those already made by

Armenian groups seeking to pressure Yerevan into joining

the Russia-Belarus Union and appear to reflect a Russian

effort to intervene in Georgian domestic politics.

Second, Putin used his meetings in Central Asia

earlier this month to put pressure on Tashkent to devote

more attention to the CIS than to GUUAM, a shift that

calls into question Shevardnadze's regional policies and

leaves him and his country potentially more isolated.

And third, Moscow appears to be dragging its feet

on the withdrawal of some of its military bases from

Georgia under the terms of the OSCE accords signed in

Istanbul in 1999. While Georgian officials last week

claimed that talks between the U.S. and Russia were

"successful" in arranging American financing for the

withdrawal, Russian agencies said that the talks did not

"yield results."

Shevardnadze has long sought the removal of Russian

forces from Georgia, but Moscow has been less interested

in such a move. By creating difficulties in these talks

with Washington, Moscow can put additional pressure on

Tbilisi to accept a greater and longer Russian presence

on Georgian territory than it might otherwise be willing

to agree to.

Indeed, the visit to Tbilisi last week by Colonel

General Vitalii Gritsan, the head of the coordinating

service of the CIS border guards departments, may have

been intended to signal Russia's interest in continued

involvement in bilateral cooperation with Georgian

units. While Moscow's immediate target of this campaign

is Shevardnadze, the Russian leadership clearly intends

its treatment of the independent-minded Georgian leader

as an object lesson for other governments in the region.

But past Russian efforts of this kind suggest that

Moscow may generate a backlash not only in Georgia but

elsewhere, leading Shevardnadze to revive his efforts to

gain greater Western support and other regional leaders

to look outward as well.

26-07-00

Reprinted with permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
URL: http://www.rferl.org

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