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RFE/RL Newsline, Vol. 3, No. 187, 99-09-24

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Newsline Directory - Previous Article - Next Article

From: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty <http://www.rferl.org>

RFE/RL NEWSLINE

Vol. 3, No. 187, 24 September 1999


CONTENTS

[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

  • [01] ARMENIAN PREMIER APPEALS TO DIASPORA FOR MORE INVESTMENT
  • [02] HUNGER-STRIKE FOR KARABAKH ENDED IN AZERBAIJAN
  • [03] AZERBAIJAN'S SUPREME RELIGIOUS LEADER DENIES RELIGIOUS
  • [04] GEORGIAN OPPOSITION ALLIANCE NAMES PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
  • [05] KAZAKHSTAN'S PRO-PRESIDENTIAL PARTY AGAIN ON COLLISION COURSE
  • [06] COMISSION TO COMBAT RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM CREATED IN
  • [07] ARMS HAUL SEIZED IN KAZAKHSTAN
  • [08] INCUMBENT NOMINATED AS PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE IN
  • [09] ...AND IN UZBEKISTAN

  • [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

  • [10] SOLANA REJECTS INDEPENDENCE FOR KOSOVA...
  • [11] ...WHILE THACI ADVISER PREDICTS SOVEREIGNTY IN 10 YEARS
  • [12] SERBS VOW TO FORM THEIR OWN 'DEFENSE CORPS'
  • [13] DJINDJIC SAYS OPPOSITION PROTESTS WILL END IF SUPPORT
  • [14] YUGOSLAV MILITARY HOLDS EXERCISES NEAR KOSOVA
  • [15] COUNCIL OF EUROPE TO HELP GET MONEY TO REBUILD BRIDGES
  • [16] MONTENEGRO TO DRAFT ITS OWN TRADE, CUSTOMS POLICIES
  • [17] MACEDONIA FREES NORWEGIAN PEACEKEEPER
  • [18] MACEDONIAN FOREIGN MINISTER ASKS THAT PROMISES BE KEPT
  • [19] PETRITSCH TO SET UP ANTI-CORRUPTION BODY
  • [20] ALBANIA PRAISES NATO FOR ENDING 'GENOCIDE'
  • [21] GERMAN CHANCELLOR URGES ROMANIA TO CONTINUE REFORMS
  • [22] ROMANIA SECURES BORDER
  • [23] JOINT ROMANIAN-MOLDOVAN PEACEKEEPING BATTALION DISCUSSED
  • [24] BULGARIAN PREMIER REASSURED AFTER TALKS WITH SCHROEDER

  • [C] END NOTE

  • [25] TAJIKISTAN BETWEEN ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY?

  • [A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

    [01] ARMENIAN PREMIER APPEALS TO DIASPORA FOR MORE INVESTMENT

    Addressing the Armenia-Diaspora conference in Yerevan on 23

    September, Vazgen Sargsian called upon ethnic Armenians from

    abroad to invest more heavily in Armenia, promising financial

    and tax incentives and a crackdown on corruption, Noyan Tapan

    and RFE/RL's Yerevan bureau reported. Sargsian said the

    recently created Armenian Development Agency will provide

    would-be investors with a wide range of services, including

    legal counseling, registration of enterprises, and

    information about business opportunities. The agency plans to

    open offices in London, New York, Los Angeles, Moscow, and

    Beirut. Conference participants adopted two statements

    calling for closer ties between Armenia and the diaspora. One

    expresses support for the Karabakh Armenians' drive to become

    a "subject of international law," while the other reaffirms

    the continued pursuit of international recognition of the

    1915 genocide of more than 1 million Armenians in the Ottoman

    Empire. LF

    [02] HUNGER-STRIKE FOR KARABAKH ENDED IN AZERBAIJAN

    Members and

    sympathizers of the Coordinating Council of Political Parties

    on Karabakh have ended the hunger strike they began last

    month to protest the Azerbaijani leadership's apparent

    readiness for compromise in resolving the Karabakh conflict,

    Turan reported on 23 September (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 30

    August 1999). Nureddin Askerli, who is press secretary to the

    Coordinating Council, told Turan the previous day that the

    council will resort to more active methods of protest.

    "Hurriyet" reported on 23 September that under political

    pressure, a high-school director in Khirdalan Raion expelled

    a 10th-grade student for having participated in the hunger

    strike. LF

    [03] AZERBAIJAN'S SUPREME RELIGIOUS LEADER DENIES RELIGIOUS

    FREEDOM RESTRICTED

    The head of Azerbaijan's Muslim Spiritual

    Board, Sheykh-ul Islam Allahshukur Pashazade, has rejected

    the conclusions of a U.S. Congress report on restrictions on

    religious freedom in Azerbaijan, Turan reported on 23

    September. Pashazade acknowledged that the activities of

    religious missionaries are limited, but he argued that those

    limitations are justified because such proselytizing leads to

    tensions between adherents of various religious faiths. He

    added that some missionaries offer cash incentives to

    prospective converts. And he acknowledged that one reason for

    missionaries' success is the low level of Islamic propaganda.

    LF

    [04] GEORGIAN OPPOSITION ALLIANCE NAMES PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

    CANDIDATE

    The so-called Batumi alliance of five opposition

    parties on 23 September named Adjar Supreme Council Chairman

    Aslan Abashidze as its candidate for next year's presidential

    elections, Caucasus Press reported. Abashidze is considered

    virtually the only Georgian politician capable of posing a

    real challenge to incumbent President Eduard Shevardnadze,

    who has already signaled his intention to run for a second

    term. A spokesman for Abashidze quoted him as saying that his

    decision was motivated by the desire "to save Georgia, which

    has been ruined by the policies of the president and current

    authorities," according to AP. LF

    [05] KAZAKHSTAN'S PRO-PRESIDENTIAL PARTY AGAIN ON COLLISION COURSE

    WITH GOVERNMENT

    Marat Ospanov, who is speaker of the lower

    house and deputy chairman of the pro-presidential Otan Party,

    told Interfax on 23 September that his party hopes to vote

    down the government's proposed draft budget for 2000 at a 25

    September joint session of the two chambers of parliament.

    The draft budget envisages cuts in expenditures, including

    pensions, a budget deficit of 3 percent of GDP, and GDP

    growth of 1 percent. Ospanov has repeatedly criticized the

    government's financial policy (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 24 and

    25 June 1999). He is regarded as a possible successor to

    Prime Minister Nurlan Balghymbaev. LF

    [06] COMISSION TO COMBAT RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM CREATED IN

    KAZAKHSTAN

    A spokesman for Kazakhstan's President Nursultan

    Nazarbaev said on 23 September that the president has decreed

    the formation of a commission to counter the threat of

    religious extremism, Reuters reported. The commission will be

    headed by Security Council Secretary Marat Tazhin. LF

    [07] ARMS HAUL SEIZED IN KAZAKHSTAN

    Police in Almaty have

    arrested a group of Chechens and confiscated from them 17 new

    Kalashnikov submachine guns and Makarov pistols with

    silencers as well as $2,300 in forged banknotes, ITAR-TASS

    and RFE/RL's bureau in the former capital reported on 23

    September. The weapons have a black market value of $30,000.

    LF

    [08] INCUMBENT NOMINATED AS PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE IN

    TAJIKISTAN...

    As earlier announced, a 23 September congress

    of the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan named

    incumbent President Imomali Rakhmonov as its candidate for

    the 6 November presidential poll, Reuters and ITAR-TASS

    reported (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 20 September 1999). Two

    rival candidates have also been registered. The Justice Party

    of Tajikistan nominated Congress of People's Unity chairman

    Saifiddin Turaev as its candidate at a congress on 20

    September, Asia Plus-Blitz reported three days later. Former

    presidential adviser for legal issues Zafar Ikramov will also

    contend the poll, according to ITAR-TASS. The Union of Youth

    of Tajikistan intends to select its candidate at a congress

    in Dushanbe on 24 September, according to Asia Plus-Blitz. LF

    [09] ...AND IN UZBEKISTAN

    Meanwhile in Tashkent a congress of the

    Fidorkorlar (Dedicated Ones) on 22 September nominated

    incumbent President Islam Karimov as its candidate for the 9

    January presidential elections, ITAR-TASS and Interfax

    reported. LF


    [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

    [10] SOLANA REJECTS INDEPENDENCE FOR KOSOVA...

    NATO Secretary-

    General Javier Solana said on 23 September that ethnic

    Albanians in Kosova will have to give up any plans for

    establishing independence from Belgrade, AP reported. Solana,

    speaking in Washington, said a "shifting of borders" in

    Yugoslavia could lead to fragmentation elsewhere in the

    Balkans and perhaps even in Russia. Solana, who will leave

    his post on 6 October, said he is confident that there will

    be "moral reconstruction" in Kosova but that "it will take

    time to cure the many wounds." Solana said the war waged by

    NATO in Kosova "changed the history of Europe." He added that

    the only disappointment of his tenure was that Yugoslav

    President Slobodan Milosevic is still in power. PB

    [11] ...WHILE THACI ADVISER PREDICTS SOVEREIGNTY IN 10 YEARS

    Sabri Kicmari, an adviser to Kosovar Albanian leader Hashim

    Thaci, said on 23 September that Kosova will be independent

    in 10 years, dpa reported. Speaking on Berlin radio, Kicmari

    said he is "sure that the majority of Kosova citizens will

    opt for independence." He said a return of some Serbian

    soldiers to the province, as mandated in the June peace

    agreement, is unacceptable. And he argued that Thaci could be

    viewed as the next prime minister of Kosova. "The Washington

    Post" reported on 24 September that many senior U.S.

    officials have dropped their opposition to Kosova breaking

    away from Yugoslavia, seeing such a development as

    inevitable. State Department spokesman James Rubin, however,

    said "we have always said we do not support independence for

    Kosova." PB

    [12] SERBS VOW TO FORM THEIR OWN 'DEFENSE CORPS'

    Kosovar Serb

    leader Momcilo Trajkovic said on 24 September that Serbs will

    demand that they be allowed to set up five cantons within

    Kosova and establish their own militia if the newly created

    Kosova Protection Corps is allowed to exist, AP reported.

    Trajkovic said the cantons will be formed in part of

    Prishtina and its surroundings, in northern Mitrovice,

    southeastern Gjilan, western Peje, and in the south of the

    province. He said his boycott of the interim Serb-Albanian

    council will end only if NATO and the UN agree to those

    demands. Trajkovic's plan to set up cantons based on

    ethnicity was dismissed by UN and NATO officials in Kosova

    several weeks ago. PB

    [13] DJINDJIC SAYS OPPOSITION PROTESTS WILL END IF SUPPORT

    CONTINUES TO WANE

    After the second straight day of declining

    support, Serbian opposition leader Zoran Djindjic said the

    campaign to oust Yugoslav President Milosevic will end unless

    more people join the demonstrations, Reuters reported. An

    initial crowd of some 400 increased to about 5,000 in

    Belgrade for the third rally on 23 September. That was about

    half the number who had protested the previous day. Protests

    organized by the coalition Alliance for Change in other towns

    and cities were also smaller than on previous days. Djindjic

    said "Belgraders have yet to realize that Milosevic's regime

    took away our freedom, our future." Alliance for Change

    coordinator Vladan Batic said the turnout was low at the

    start of the 1996 winter protests as well but that those

    rallies quickly turned into mass demonstrations. In a

    separate rally, some 2,000 high school students demonstrated

    against a ban on travelling abroad imposed by the education

    minister for "security reasons." PB

    [14] YUGOSLAV MILITARY HOLDS EXERCISES NEAR KOSOVA

    The Yugoslav

    army held military exercises on 23 September near its

    southern province of Kosova, Reuters reported. Colonel-

    General Nebojsa Pavkovic, the commander of Yugoslavia's Third

    Army, said after the exercises that Belgrade will not

    recognize the formation of the Kosova Protection Corps. He

    called the civilian force a "deceit and farce." PB

    [15] COUNCIL OF EUROPE TO HELP GET MONEY TO REBUILD BRIDGES

    The

    Council of Europe has unanimously adopted a Hungarian

    proposal to request financing from the EU to rebuild the

    destroyed bridges in Novi Sad, Hungarian Radio reported on 23

    September. The proposal would allocate some $14 million for

    the reconstruction of the three bridges, which were wrecked

    during the NATO bombing campaign. PB

    [16] MONTENEGRO TO DRAFT ITS OWN TRADE, CUSTOMS POLICIES

    Deputy

    Premier Asim Telalevic announced on 24 September that

    Montenegro will begin drafting a trade policy independent of

    Belgrade, dpa reported. Telalevic said the republic will have

    to eventually draw up customs and trade regulations because

    of Serbian threats to block shipments for food and other

    goods to Montenegro. Montenegro has threatened to introduce

    its own currency and to even hold a referendum on

    independence if Belgrade does not agree to revise the

    relationship between the Serbian and Montenegrin republics.

    PB

    [17] MACEDONIA FREES NORWEGIAN PEACEKEEPER

    Macedonia has released

    a Norwegian soldier who was detained last month for his part

    in a car crash that killed Macedonian Minister without

    Portfolio Radovan Stojkovski, his wife, and daughter, Reuters

    reported on 23 September. His release ends a bitter battle

    between Skopje and Oslo, which claimed that as a member of

    NATO, the soldier could be tried for wrongdoing only in his

    home country. A NATO spokesman in Macedonia said the soldier

    will stand trial in Norway for charges associated with the

    accident. The NATO vehicle was reportedly travelling on the

    wrong side of the road when it struck the minister's car. The

    incident outraged many Macedonians who are wary of NATO's

    presence in their country. NATO still has several thousand

    troops in Macedonia. PB

    [18] MACEDONIAN FOREIGN MINISTER ASKS THAT PROMISES BE KEPT

    Aleksandar Dimitrov has urged the international community to

    fulfill the financial and political pledges it made to

    Macedonia during the Kosova crisis, an RFE/RL correspondent

    reported on 23 September. Addressing the UN General Assembly

    in New York, Dimitrov said that the consequences of the

    conflict are still being felt and that financial support from

    the international community is "indispensable" in order for

    the country's economy to recover. Dimitrov said the best

    guarantee for security in the Balkans would be to admit more

    countries in the region to the EU and NATO. In other news,

    Macedonia rejected appeals to allow some 450 Roma to cross

    the border from Kosova. The Roma said they are seeking to

    escape attacks by ethnic Albanians. PB

    [19] PETRITSCH TO SET UP ANTI-CORRUPTION BODY

    Wolfgang Petritsch,

    the international community's high representative to Bosnia-

    Herzegovina, said he will form a Anti-Corruption and

    Transparency Group to help combat fraud, Reuters reported on

    23 September. Petritsch said such a body would "provide a

    significant boost in our fight against corruption." "The New

    York Times" reported last month that some 20 percent of the

    $5.1 billion aid given to Bosnia has been embezzled or lost

    through corruption. In other news, Robert Barry, the head of

    the OSCE mission in Bosnia, said that Republika Srpska Vice

    President Mirko Sarovic should take over the post of

    president in line with the republic's constitution. He made

    his comments in Banja Luka after meeting with Republika

    Srpska Premier Milorad Dodik. PB

    [20] ALBANIA PRAISES NATO FOR ENDING 'GENOCIDE'

    In an address to

    the UN General Assembly on 23 September, President Rexhep

    Meidani expressed Albania's gratitude to NATO for ending the

    Serbian "genocide: of ethnic Albanians in Kosova, AP

    reported. Meidani said the principles of the UN charter were

    upheld because the alliance's air strikes ended an

    "unprecedented genocide" by Serbian forces. He said "we

    welcome the international community for having...shown its

    firm will to condemn and to take effective measures to put an

    end to crimes perpetrated against a defenseless population."

    PB

    [21] GERMAN CHANCELLOR URGES ROMANIA TO CONTINUE REFORMS

    Gerhard

    Schroeder on 24 September said his country will support

    Romania's efforts to join the EU, but he added that Bucharest

    must continue to implement tough reforms. Schroeder, who is

    on a two-day visit to Romania, also thanked the country for

    its support of the NATO bombing campaign in Yugoslavia

    earlier this year. The German chancellor insisted that

    Romania is part of a "comprehensive accession process" to the

    EU that includes all candidates for membership. But he added

    that "if and when" Romania accedes to the EU depends on the

    country's "own economic progress," Reuters reported. VG

    [22] ROMANIA SECURES BORDER

    Romanian Interior Minister Constantin

    Dudu Ionescu on 23 September said his country has met EU

    targets for securing its borders, Reuters reported. Under an

    agreement with the EU, Romania pledged to reform its border

    guard system. However, Ionescu voiced discontent at what he

    described as the EU's failure to disburse 20 million euros

    ($20.8 million) to Romania to pay for logistics related to

    securing the border. He said the EU has given the country

    only 10.5 million euros for the project. VG

    [23] JOINT ROMANIAN-MOLDOVAN PEACEKEEPING BATTALION DISCUSSED

    Romanian Defense Minister Victor Babiuc and his Moldovan

    counterpart, Boris Gamurar, discussed the creation of a joint

    peacekeeping battalion during a 23 September meeting in

    Chisinau, according to a Rompres report cited by the BBC.

    Babiuc said Romania is ready for the creation of such a

    battalion. Moldpres reported that the two sides also talked

    about the possibility of creating a larger battalion

    involving Polish and Ukrainian troops as well. Gamurar

    stressed that Romania has agreed to allow Moldovan military

    personnel to undergo training in Romania, Rompres reported.

    VG

    [24] BULGARIAN PREMIER REASSURED AFTER TALKS WITH SCHROEDER

    Ivan

    Kostov said he has more confidence in the implementation of

    the Balkan Stability Pact following talks with German

    Chancellor Schroeder in Sofia on 23 September, an RFE/RL

    correspondent reported. Kostov said Schroeder assured him

    that the pact will be implemented without delay, including

    measures related to the resumption of river trade on the

    Danube. However, Schroeder did not promise any direct

    financial aid to Bulgaria with regard to this issue. Sofia

    claims it lost some $100 million in trade revenue after NATO

    bombed bridges on the river during the campaign in Yugoslavia

    earlier this year. Schroeder also stressed that Bulgaria has

    made "very large strides" in its reform process, and he

    pledged German support for the country's efforts to join the

    EU, BTA reported on 23 September. VG


    [C] END NOTE

    [25] TAJIKISTAN BETWEEN ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY?

    by Liz Fuller

    On 26 September, the citizens of Tajikistan go to the

    polls to vote on proposed changes to the country's 1994

    constitution. The referendum marks a milestone in the painful

    and protracted search by the Russian-backed leadership and

    the Islam-oriented United Tajik Opposition (UTO) to reach a

    modus vivendi.

    That search began more than two years ago, following the

    signing in Moscow in June 1997 of the Common Agreement on

    Peace and National Accord, which ended five years of civil

    war. The peace provided for the return from Iran and

    Afghanistan of opposition leaders and their armed units,

    whose members were to be disarmed and given a choice of

    serving in the Tajik army or police force. In exchange, the

    UTO was to be given 30 percent of posts in the central

    government and on local councils.

    Hopes that the disarmament process and the formation of

    a new coalition government would be completed in time for

    elections to be held in mid-1998 proved over-optimistic,

    however. The peace process and tenuous political stability

    were repeatedly threatened by local insurrections, political

    assassinations. and the inability of government and

    opposition representatives to reach agreement on the

    opposition's proposed candidates for 14 ministerial posts.

    In part, instability was the consequence of the

    exclusion from the peace process of representatives of strong

    regional elites. On three occasions--in August 1997, January

    1998, and last November--Colonel Mahmud Khudoiberdiev, whose

    base is in the largely Uzbek-populated Kyurgan-Tyube region

    of southwestern Tajikistan, launched an unsuccessful

    insurrection. Tajik officials publicly accused Uzbekistan of

    supporting the most recent coup attempt by Khudoiberdiev, in

    Leninabad, in the northwest of the country. In particular,

    they claim that the Uzbek leadership offered refuge and

    possibly assistance to the man identified as the "third

    force" in Tajik politics, former Prime Minister Abdumalik

    Abdulladjonov. Khudoiberdiev reportedly receives both his

    orders and funding from Abdulladjonov,

    The assassination in September 1998 of Otakhon Latifi, a

    widely respected opposition politician, similarly threatened

    to derail the peace process. That murder prompted the UTO to

    suspend temporarily its participation in the work of the

    Commission for National Reconciliation, on which the UTO and

    the Tajik government have equal representation.

    Those disruptions notwithstanding, by November 1998 the

    UTO had reached agreement with the Tajik leadership on

    candidates for 11 of the 14 ministerial posts the opposition

    was claiming, including the first deputy premiership, which

    went to UTO Deputy Chairman Hodja Akbar Turandjonzoda. But

    the Tajik government's steadfast refusal to condone the

    appointment of former opposition field commander Mirzo Zioev

    to head the Defense Ministry prompted the opposition to

    threaten to withdraw from the peace process in May. After

    weeks of negotiations, and under pressure from the UN and

    OSCE representatives in Dushanbe, Zioev was named minister

    for emergency situations in early July, and some 90

    imprisoned opposition members were released from jail. In the

    following weeks, the UTO reciprocated by completing the

    disarmament of its military units, a key precondition for

    holding presidential and parliamentary elections.

    Those elections, however, are to be preceded by the 26

    September referendum, on which the parliament decided in late

    June. The electorate is to vote on a package of three

    constitutional amendments: replacing the unicameral

    parliament with a bicameral one, extending the president's

    term in office from five to seven years, and legalizing the

    participation in domestic politics of political parties of a

    religious nature.

    Of the three proposed amendments, the third is clearly

    the most controversial. The law on political parties, enacted

    by the parliament in May 1998, bans religious parties,

    including the Islamic Renaissance Party. That group forms the

    backbone of the UTO.

    In August, following the disarmament of the last

    opposition military units, the Tajik Supreme Court lifted the

    ban it had imposed in 1993 on four opposition formations: the

    Islamic Renaissance Party, the Democratic Party, and the

    Rastokhez and Lali Badakhshan movements. Those parties,

    however, must re-register with the Justice Ministry in order

    to contest the 6 November presidential poll (assuming that

    the referendum does not extend the president's term by two

    years) and the January 2000 parliamentary elections. In

    theory, that requirement could serve as a pretext for

    preventing the Islamic Renaissance Party from nominating a

    candidate to run against incumbent Imomali Rakhmonov in the

    presidential poll. But the deputy leader of the ruling

    People's Democratic Party, Abdulmadjid Dostiev, told Reuters

    last week that "opposition participation is important because

    it will prove that the elections were democratic."

    The present Tajik leadership, along with its backers in

    Moscow, are presumably confident that the country's war-weary

    population will opt for stability and continuity, rather than

    risk precipitating a new civil war. Such stability may

    prevail in the short term, provided that support for the

    Islamic opposition does not become a groundswell. If that

    were to happen, either Moscow or Tashkent, which regards any

    overtly Islamic force with extreme suspicion, might be

    tempted to intervene to thwart the avowed long-term goal of

    the Islamic Renaissance Party. According to its newly elected

    chairman, Said Abdullo Nuri, the party aims to come to power

    by peaceful democratic means. Alternatively, tensions may

    emerge between the moderate Nuri and more radical members of

    the Islamic Renaissance Party over the optimum strategy for

    assuming power and over the desirability of imposing an

    Islamic state.

    24-09-99


    Reprinted with permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
    URL: http://www.rferl.org


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