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RFE/RL Newsline, Vol. 3, No. 139, 99-07-20

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Newsline Directory - Previous Article - Next Article

From: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty <http://www.rferl.org>

RFE/RL NEWSLINE

Vol. 3, No. 139, 20 July 1999


CONTENTS

[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

  • [01] ARMENIAN NEWSPAPER PREDICTS EXPANDED WAR WITH AZERBAIJAN
  • [02] STALIN WAS 'RUSSIAN' PHENOMENON, SAYS GRANDSON
  • [03] SHEVARDNADZE WILL 'PROBABLY' RUN AGAIN...
  • [04] ...WELCOMES GROWING TIES WITH U.S.
  • [05] GEORGIA RAISES THRESHOLD FOR PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION
  • [06] CENTRAL ASIANS TO FORM SECURITIES MARKET
  • [07] KAZAKHSTAN STEPS UP PRESSURE OVER BAIKONUR
  • [08] KYRGYZSTAN, RUSSIA SIGN BORDER CONTROL ACCORD
  • [09] TAJJIK MUSLIM LEADER RE-ELECTED
  • [10] UZBEKISTAN PRESIDENT PROPOSES AFGHAN PEACE PLAN

  • [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

  • [11] REHN CALLS FOR 'NEW MECHANISM' AGAINST RIGHTS VIOLATORS
  • [12] U.S. REJECTS AMNESTY FOR MILOSEVIC
  • [13] CLINTON TO ATTEND BALKAN SUMMIT
  • [14] EU REACHES 'MESSY COMPROMISE' ON BALKAN RECONSTRUCTION
  • [15] DJINDJIC WANTS 'CONCRETE PLAN' FOR EU ADMISSION
  • [16] BELGRADE CAMPAIGN AGAINST 'CRONYISM'?
  • [17] BELGRADE SAYS UN VIOLATES ITS SOVEREIGNTY
  • [18] UN TRIES TO GET RUGOVA'S PARTY ON TRANSITIONAL COUNCIL
  • [19] WORLD BANK GIVES $40 MILLION TO ALBANIA
  • [20] GREECE EXPELS MORE ALBANIANS
  • [21] CROATIA REBUFFS ARBOUR
  • [22] ROMANIAN DEFENSE MINISTER DEFENDS CONVICTED GENERALS
  • [23] ROMANIAN PRESIDENT DENIES ALLEGATIONS OF ESPIONAGE
  • [24] TRANSDNIESTER LEADER ON KYIV SUMMIT
  • [25] RUSSIA REBUFFS BULGARIA ON AIR CORRIDORS FOR KFOR TROOPS
  • [26] BULGARIA BANS USE OF POLICE FORCE AGAINST JOURNALISTS

  • [C] END NOTE

  • [27] HAS HUNGARY OVERSTATED ITS VOJVODINA CASE?

  • [A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

    [01] ARMENIAN NEWSPAPER PREDICTS EXPANDED WAR WITH AZERBAIJAN

    Even as Armenian President Robert Kocharian and Azerbaijani

    President Heidar Aliev expressed satisfaction with their

    recent meeting, the Armenian newspaper "Golos Armenii"

    suggested that Azerbaijan will eventually earn enough money

    from oil and gas exports to be able to finance a new and

    larger war against Armenia. Writing in that newspaper's 17

    July issue, V. Grigoryan said that "it will then become

    increasingly harder for Armenia to maintain military parity

    and a full-scale war will be unavoidable in 10 years' time."

    PG

    [02] STALIN WAS 'RUSSIAN' PHENOMENON, SAYS GRANDSON

    Speaking in

    Moscow on 18 July to a meeting of those opposed to burying

    Lenin, Yevgeny Dzhugashvili said that his grandfather was

    "not a Georgian but a Russian phenomenon," Caucasus Press

    reported on 19 July. And he said that those who try to blame

    Stalin on the Georgians are making a major mistake. PG

    [03] SHEVARDNADZE WILL 'PROBABLY' RUN AGAIN...

    At his weekly news

    conference on 19 July, Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze

    said that he will "probably" run for a second term but added

    that "to be serious, I haven't yet decided," Reuters

    reported. In other comments, reported by Caucasus Press,

    Shevardnadze expressed his believe that the "president can

    head a political party," suggesting that he will seek to run

    as the leader of one. PG

    [04] ...WELCOMES GROWING TIES WITH U.S.

    The Georgian leader said

    that "relations between Georgia and the U.S. are gradually

    assuming the nature of a strategic partnership," ITAR-TASS

    reported. But he commented that "this cooperation is not

    aimed against anyone." He again expressed interest in NATO's

    participation in finding a solution to the Abkhaz problem. In

    related developments, Tbilisi announced that the parliament

    will consider sending 20 Georgian servicemen to Kosova, ITAR-

    TASS reported. A representative of the Georgian military will

    go to Italy in August for NATO training, according to

    Caucasus Press. PG

    [05] GEORGIA RAISES THRESHOLD FOR PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION

    The Georgian parliament on 20 July voted to increase the

    voting threshold for representation in parliament from 5

    percent to 7 percent, Caucasus Press reported. The vote,

    which will make it more difficult for some smaller parties to

    gain representation in the parliament, results in the first

    amendment to the country's 1995 constitution. But President

    Shevardnadze dismissed it as having little importance for him

    and his political future. PG

    [06] CENTRAL ASIANS TO FORM SECURITIES MARKET

    Kazakhstan,

    Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan will form a securities

    market, the Kazakhstan government announced to Interfax-

    Kazakhstan on 20 July. PG

    [07] KAZAKHSTAN STEPS UP PRESSURE OVER BAIKONUR

    Meibek

    Moldabekov, the head of Kazakhstan's Space Agency, told

    Reuters on 20 July that his government will seek a percentage

    of profits from all future Russian launches from Baikonur as

    well as a say in future launch schedules. But he acknowledged

    that "Kazakhstan does not have the legal right" to limit the

    number of launches at the site, Interfax-Kazakhstan reported

    the same day. PG

    [08] KYRGYZSTAN, RUSSIA SIGN BORDER CONTROL ACCORD

    Under the

    terms of a 17 July agreement, Kyrgyzstan will assume

    responsibility for parts of its border that have been under

    the control of Russian border guards, Interfax reported on 19

    July. PG

    [09] TAJJIK MUSLIM LEADER RE-ELECTED

    Haji Amanullo Negmatzoda was

    re-elected to the chairmanship of the Tajik Muslim Religious

    Board for another five years, Interfax reported on 19 July.

    PG

    [10] UZBEKISTAN PRESIDENT PROPOSES AFGHAN PEACE PLAN

    Speaking to

    a meeting of the "Six plus Two" group in Tashkent on 19 July,

    President Islam Karimov called for a cease-fire, an exchange

    of prisoners, and the end of all blockades of humanitarian

    assistance in Afghanistan, Interfax reported. Karimov said

    that "our most coveted and greatest desire is to see a

    peaceful, stable, and secure Afghanistan." PG


    [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

    [11] REHN CALLS FOR 'NEW MECHANISM' AGAINST RIGHTS VIOLATORS

    Former UN envoy to Bosnia Elisabeth Rehn said in Helsinki on

    19 July the international community must "create a mechanism

    with which we can deal with the actions of this kind of a

    terror state"--by which she meant Yugoslav President Slobodan

    Milosevic's Serbia--without resorting to a bombing campaign.

    "Every missile cost around $1 million and, in a few years, we

    will pay for the reconstruction. And so much sorrow and

    misery," Reuters reported. Rehn also called upon NATO not to

    reduce its forces in the Balkans until the remaining indicted

    war criminals have been captured. Rehn is a former Finnish

    defense minister and has served the UN in the Balkans for the

    past four years. PM

    [12] U.S. REJECTS AMNESTY FOR MILOSEVIC

    State Department

    spokesman James Rubin said in Washington on 19 July that

    "Milosevic's future is only in one place, and that is The

    Hague. We oppose any suggestion of granting sanctuary or

    amnesty to indicted war criminals, and we encourage any state

    that obtains custody over Milosevic to deliver him directly

    to The Hague." Serbian opposition politician Vuk Draskovic

    recently suggested that Milosevic receive amnesty in return

    for leaving office (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 19 July 1999). PM

    [13] CLINTON TO ATTEND BALKAN SUMMIT

    U.S. President Bill Clinton

    will attend the international summit on Balkan reconstruction

    in Sarajevo on 30 July, the White House said in a statement

    on 19 July. The statement noted that "the leaders will

    discuss ways to strengthen peace and stability, deepen

    democracy and civil society, and promote economic reforms

    throughout southeast Europe." On 28 July, international

    financial experts will meet in Brussels to plan an aid

    package for the region. PM

    [14] EU REACHES 'MESSY COMPROMISE' ON BALKAN RECONSTRUCTION

    London's "The Independent" reported on 20 July that European

    foreign ministers the previous day reached a "messy

    compromise" dividing EU offices for Balkan reconstruction

    between Thessaloniki and Prishtina. An unnamed "senior

    European Commission official said the member states were

    behaving in a 'disgraceful' way, and United States diplomats

    [were] taken aback by the naked self-interest of the

    infighting," the daily continued. The ministers also agreed

    to lift the oil embargo on Montenegro and Kosova "soon." PM

    [15] DJINDJIC WANTS 'CONCRETE PLAN' FOR EU ADMISSION

    Serbian

    Democratic Party leader Zoran Djindjic told German Chancellor

    Gerhard Schroeder in Bonn on 19 July that the EU should offer

    Serbia a "concrete plan" for obtaining EU membership.

    Djindjic stressed that Serbs will make "great efforts" to

    join European structures once Milosevic is out of power, the

    "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" reported. Djindjic added he

    considers that "Milosevic is already history." The opposition

    leader pointed out, however, that removing Milosevic from

    office "will not be easy." Schroeder replied that he "does

    not exclude" EU membership for Belgrade once Milosevic is

    gone, Deutsche Welle reported. PM

    [16] BELGRADE CAMPAIGN AGAINST 'CRONYISM'?

    Serbian Deputy Prime

    Minister Dragoljub Karic said that many unspecified company

    managers with "membership in certain political parties and

    with political connections" all too often "channel

    [corporate] money into private pockets," Reuters reported on

    19 July. Observers suggested that his reference was to a

    large number of businessmen close to the respective political

    parties of Milosevic and his wife. Former top banker

    Dragoslav Avramovic told an opposition news conference that

    Karic could not "give such a statement without a certain

    security, certain guarantees for himself, according to the

    way things work here." PM

    [17] BELGRADE SAYS UN VIOLATES ITS SOVEREIGNTY

    Vladislav

    Jovanovic, who is Yugoslavia's chief envoy to the UN, said in

    a letter in New York on 19 July that Secretary-General Kofi

    Annan's 12 July report on Kosova was "biased and tendentious"

    (see "RFE/RL Balkan Report," 20 July 1999). Jovanovic added

    that Annan showed "scant respect" for Belgrade's sovereignty

    in the province. Elsewhere, the UN's Advisory Committee on

    Administrative and Budgetary Questions approved an initial

    $200 million to finance the UN's operation in Kosova. PM

    [18] UN TRIES TO GET RUGOVA'S PARTY ON TRANSITIONAL COUNCIL

    On 20

    July in Prishtina, unnamed officials of the UN and the

    Democratic League of Kosova (LDK) discussed the possible

    participation of moderate leader Ibrahim Rugova in the UN-

    sponsored transitional council for the province (see "RFE/RL

    Newsline," 19 July 1999). The council's next session is

    scheduled for 26 July. Rugova's foreign relations adviser,

    Edita Tahiri, told AFP in Prishtina that the LDK declined to

    attend the first council meeting on 16 July because the

    Christian Democratic, Liberal, and Social Democratic Parties

    were not invited. These small parties were represented in the

    last shadow-state parliament. The UN instead opted to invite

    all Kosovar representatives who were at the Rambouillet

    conference, as well as representatives of the Kosovar Serbs

    and Turks. A UN official told AFP that inclusion of the

    smaller Albanian parties could lead to further demands for

    representation by other small lobby groups from other ethnic

    communities. FS

    [19] WORLD BANK GIVES $40 MILLION TO ALBANIA

    Albanian Prime

    Minister Pandeli Majko and World Bank President James

    Wolfensohn signed an agreement in Tirana on 19 July

    providing for a $40 million loan, AP reported. The loan

    will be used to upgrade infrastructure, promote regional

    integration, and assist the development of small

    enterprises. The credit has a 40-year maturity period, a

    10-year grace period, and an annual interest rate of 0.75

    percent. Wolfensohn told President Rexhep Meidani that "now

    is the moment for you to secure...Albania's position in the

    region and world. The World Bank will be your partner." He

    urged the Albanian government to continue its privatization

    program and step up the fight against corruption. Since

    1991, Albania has received loans totaling $482 million from

    the World Bank in support of 33 projects. FS

    [20] GREECE EXPELS MORE ALBANIANS

    Greek authorities continued to

    deport Albanian immigrants on 19 July, dpa reported (see

    "RFE/RL Newsline," 9 July 1999). Within 24 hours, Greek

    police shipped 1,000 immigrants to the border crossing of

    Kakavia. Many of them complained that Greek police had torn

    up their bank documents, which made it impossible for them to

    retrieve their savings deposited in Greek banks. Others

    claimed that they have the necessary papers to stay in

    Greece. One immigrant told Albanian Radio that "the police

    did not bother to look at my documents, they just tore them

    up and put me forcibly on a bus for the border." Albanian

    officials estimate that Greek authorities deported more than

    3,000 emigrants to Albania the previous week. FS

    [21] CROATIA REBUFFS ARBOUR

    Croatian Minister of Justice Zvonimir

    Separovic told Louise Arbour, who is the Hague-based war

    crimes tribunal's special prosecutor, in Zagreb on 19 July

    that the Croatian authorities will not extradite Mladen

    "Tuta" Naletilic and Vinko "Stela" Martinovic until court

    cases against them in Croatia have been completed. She had

    demanded that the two appear before the tribunal to face

    charges of war crimes that they allegedly committed in Bosnia

    during the 1992-1995 war. Separovic also refused to give

    Arbour all the documents the latter had requested regarding

    alleged atrocities committed against Serbs in Croatia between

    1991 and 1995. Separovic commented that "we have to take care

    of our national interests." He stressed, however, that "no

    country" has given the court as many documents as Croatia

    has. PM

    [22] ROMANIAN DEFENSE MINISTER DEFENDS CONVICTED GENERALS

    Victor

    Babiuc on 19 July said his ministry will appeal not only the

    decision of the Supreme Court obliging his ministry to pay

    damages to the victims of the 1989 uprising in Timisoara but

    also the sentencing of Generals Victor Stanculescu and Mihai

    Chitac (see "RFE/RL Newsline,"16 July 1999). Babiuc said the

    sentence was "not just a legal mistake" but "a blunder, with

    strong political bias" aimed at discrediting the army as a

    whole. He emphasized that the army in 1989 "sided with the

    revolution" and that Stanculescu "played a key role in that

    decision." Chief of Staff General Constantin Degeratu said

    the sentence was "bizarre, unfounded, and illegal" and

    undermined the principle of "fulfillment of orders" by the

    military. MS

    [23] ROMANIAN PRESIDENT DENIES ALLEGATIONS OF ESPIONAGE

    Presidential spokesman Razvan Popescu on 19 July said that

    Senator Corneliu Vadim Tudor's recent allegations that Emil

    Constantinescu spied for the U.S. were "just another

    aberration circulated by Tudor and the team of retired

    Securitate people that surrounds him." Popescu called on the

    Prosecutor-General's Office to indict the senator. During an

    interview with a private television station on 15 July, Tudor

    played a videotape in which a former officer of the communist

    secret police made the allegation. Interviewed by the daily

    "Cotidianul" on 19 July, the officer repeated the allegations

    but added that he cannot produce proof. His colleagues who

    were in charge of shadowing Constantinescu under the former

    regime are all dead, he added. MS

    [24] TRANSDNIESTER LEADER ON KYIV SUMMIT

    Speaking on Tiraspol

    television on returning from the Kyiv summit (see "RFE/RL

    Newsline, 19 July 1999), separatist leader Igor Smirnov said

    the negotiations were "constructive" and that the documents

    submitted by his delegation were "highly appreciated" by

    Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma and "particularly by

    [Russian Prime Minister] Sergei Stepashin." Smirnov said that

    according to Stepashin, the agreed declaration on a single

    Moldovan-Transdniestrian state "may successfully serve as a

    model for solving relations between the Russian Federation

    and Chechnya," RFE RL's Chisinau bureau reported. Smirnov

    also said that Moldovan President Petru Lucinschi "did not

    share Stepashin's optimism," pointing out that the Moldovan

    Constitution defines the country as a "unitary state." MS

    [25] RUSSIA REBUFFS BULGARIA ON AIR CORRIDORS FOR KFOR TROOPS

    Russia has said it rejects as "unacceptable" the conditions

    set by Bulgaria on air corridors for the transportation to

    Kosova of Russian KFOR peacekeepers. An embassy spokesman

    said on 19 July that Bulgaria insists that Russia present a

    list of the exact number of troops, their weapons, and

    ammunition five days prior to the transit. He argued that it

    is "impossible to satisfy these demands," ITAR-TASS reported.

    The spokesman also said that the Bulgarian Foreign Ministry

    has informed the embassy that the transit requires

    parliamentary approval and that the legislature cannot

    discuss the request now because of the parliamentary recess.

    MS

    [26] BULGARIA BANS USE OF POLICE FORCE AGAINST JOURNALISTS

    Interior Minister Bogomil Bonev on 19 July issued an order

    prohibiting police from using force against journalists, AP

    reported, citing BTA. The ban comes after several incidents

    involving such force. Most recently, police in Varna

    confiscated and exposed the films of a local newspaper

    photographer who was taking pictures of municipal workers

    pulling down illegally constructed buildings. Last week,

    military police in Sofia handcuffed a newspaper photographer

    taking pictures of guests arriving at a reception at the

    French embassy. Earlier, police on the Bulgarian-Turkish

    border attacked a radio reporter covering the transit of

    Turkish peacekeepers to Kosova. MS


    [C] END NOTE

    [27] HAS HUNGARY OVERSTATED ITS VOJVODINA CASE?

    by Michael Shafir

    There are indications that Budapest's repeated

    insistence on the need for the autonomy of neighboring

    Vojvodina is having diminished returns. Hungary's new allies

    in NATO and its prospective future EU partners have distanced

    themselves from the Hungarian position, according to which

    the Vojvodina Magyars must be safeguarded against the

    idiosyncrasies of Slobodan Milosevic's regime in Belgrade.

    There are three reasons for this development.

    First, Hungarian leaders have been using vague

    terminology, such as "personal autonomy," borrowed from the

    program of the Hungarian Democratic Federation of Romania.

    That term, which has been widely employed but seldom

    clarified, means little more than ensuring that Vojvodina

    ethnic Hungarians living in settlements where there is no

    Magyar majority have the right to participate in electing

    provincial representative bodies. The lack of understanding

    of this term is self-evident: The Hungarian language is not

    exactly an international communications tool, nor are leaders

    of Hungary's new allies known for browsing through Hungarian

    publications over their morning porridge or croissants.

    Second, Budapest's behavior during the Kosova conflict

    failed to meet the expectations of its new allies. While that

    behavior was not as unsatisfactory as that of the Czech

    government--prominent members of which criticized the

    alliance as air strikes took place against Yugoslavia --the

    Hungarian cabinet obviously considered it had done its duty

    by allowing the alliance to use the Taszar air base for anti-

    Yugoslav sorties. Moreover, according to a report in the

    daily "Vilaggazdasag" on 25 June, Prime Minister Viktor Orban

    had vetoed in April a planned NATO ground operation from

    Hungary.

    Budapest repeatedly emphasized that Yugoslavia's likely

    reprisals against the 350,000-strong Magyar minority in the

    province prevented it from contributing troops to a possible

    ground force. Its worries about such reprisals are likely to

    have been the reason for Orban's vetoing an invasion from

    Hungary. But after the conflict ended and Hungary escalated

    its own Vojvodina autonomy campaign, her allies were little

    inclined to follow a course that could lead to a new

    conflict, one for which neither domestic nor international

    public opinion were prepared.

    Not that the Hungarian argument lacks in persuasiveness.

    Orban, Foreign Minister Janos Martonyi, and other Hungarian

    officials have all pointed out that since the region's

    autonomy was abolished by Milosevic in 1989, Vojvodina has

    lost much of its multi-ethnic character. The break up of

    Tito's Yugoslavia saw Serbs from Croatia and Bosnia settled

    in Vojvodina, and the region's ethnic balance was further

    altered by the recent conflict in Kosova. In an address to a

    NATO workshop in Budapest on 21 June, Orban said that no

    fewer than 250,000 Serbs fled from Kosova to Vojvodina once

    Milosevic's defeat became clear. Even more worrisome, as

    Hungarian President Arpad Goncz indicated during a visit to

    Norway in late June, members of Serbian paramilitary

    organizations from Kosova had appeared in Vojvodina,

    increasing the prospect of ethnic-cleansing in the province.

    The third reason for NATO's reluctance to support the

    Hungarian position stems from the reaction of Hungary's

    neighbors, other than Yugoslavia, which fear that the next

    step in applying the autonomy model might be "imported" to

    their territory. When NATO Supreme Commander Europe, General

    Wesley Clark spoke in Budapest last month about the

    obliteration of the Trianon legacy (by which he meant non-

    interference in so-called "internal affairs" when human

    rights are at stake), Romania's politicians were united in

    denouncing the declaration and calling for "clarification."

    It was not sufficient for NATO headquarters in Brussels to

    send a verbatim report of Clark's statement to Bucharest,

    which the media printed in full. Clark himself had to

    reassure his hosts, during a brief visit of Bucharest on 15

    July, that he had not suggested that borders would in any way

    be questioned after Kosova. NATO was pursuing regional

    stability, he stressed, and "stability means no change of

    borders."

    When William Cohen visited Budapest on 12 July, the U.S.

    defense secretary's hosts were confronted with his obvious

    reluctance to back ethnic Hungarians in Vojvodina. "Magyar

    Hirlap" reported that when Orban asked for such support,

    Cohen "politely" changed the subject. The look on his face,

    according to an AP report, was "not again!" A senior US

    official, speaking on condition of anonymity, told AP that

    the U.S. would certainly not meet Orban's request that the

    issue be included on the Western agenda for talks on the

    future of the Balkans. "The last thing we need," he said, "is

    another push for autonomy."

    Likewise, a Foreign Ministry official from one of the EU

    member states told "Nepszabadsag" that the issue of autonomy

    for Vojvodina's Hungarians will be at the bottom of the list

    of priorities in talks on the region's stability. The

    official rejected the Kosova-Vojvodina link, noting that the

    two provinces are not comparable, since one's population is

    90 percent Albanian and the other's 17 percent Hungarian.

    When Orban was asked whether his demand that NATO "guarantee"

    autonomy meant using military force, he replied "How else?"

    He would have been well advised to come up with a

    different answer. Unless, of course, he is ready to settle

    for an air base in the U.S, from which Hungary would launch

    air strikes to defend its Vojvodina brethren.

    20-07-99


    Reprinted with permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
    URL: http://www.rferl.org


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