Voice of America, 96-09-06

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From: The Voice of America <gopher://gopher.voa.gov>

CONTENTS

[01] FRIDAY'S EDITORIALS BY ANDREW N. GUTHRIE (WASHINGTON)

[02] BOSNIA SITREP (L ONLY) BY DAVID FOLEY (SARAJEVO)

[03] BOSNIA: THE TUZLA VOTE BY PAMELA TAYLOR (SARAJEVO)

[04] CHRISTOPHER-GERMANY (L) BY RON PEMSTEIN (STUTTGART)

[05] CLINTON/NATO (S ONLY) BY JIM MALONE (PANAMA CITY, FLORIDA)

[06] KURDS PROFILE BY LAURIE KASSMAN (CAIRO)

[07] TURKEY AND NORTHERN IRAQ BY ED WARNER (WASHINGTON)

[08] U-N WEEK-IN-REVIEW BY ELAINE JOHANSON (UNITED NATIONS)

[09] U-S/TURKEY/IRAQ (S-ONLY) BY DAVID GOLLUST (PENTAGON)

[01] FRIDAY'S EDITORIALS BY ANDREW N. GUTHRIE (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: THE LONG-ANTICIPATED HANDSHAKE BETWEEN YASSER ARAFAT AND BENJAMIN NETANYAHU, AS THEY MET FACE-TO-FACE FOR THEIR FIRST, IS A PROMINENT EDITORIAL TOPIC IN MANY OF FRIDAY'S U-S NEWSPAPERS. OTHER COMMENTARIES INCLUDE THE ALARMING RISE IN HEROIN USE; THE IMPACT OF THE IRAQI SITUATION IN U-S POLITICS; RUSSIAN SECURITY CHIEF LEBED'S TRUCE VICTORY IN CHECHNYA; QUESTIONS ABOUT ROSS PEROT JOINING THE PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES, AND HOW U-S POLITICAL CONVENTIONS MAY BE CHANGING. NOW, FOR A CLOSER LOOK, HERE IS __________________ WITH TODAY'S U-S OPINION ROUNDUP.

TEXT: A NUMBER OF U-S DAILIES ARE LEADING WITH EDITORIALS COMMENTING ON THIS WEEK'S MEETING BETWEEN THE LEADER OF THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY, YASSER ARAFAT, AND ISRAEL'S NEW, TOUGH-TALKING LIKUD PARTY PRIME MINISTER, BENJAMIN NETANYAHU. MANY NOTE THAT DURING THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN, MR. NETANYAHU HAD VOWED NEVER TO MEET MR. ARAFAT FACE-TO-FACE, A MAN HE CALLED A BLOODY-HANDED TERRORIST. THE THEME OF SEVERAL EDITORIALS IS THAT THE ISRAELI LEADER HAS BOWED TO REALITY. THE LOS ANGELES TIMES CALLS IT A "METAMORPHOSIS."

VOICE: "IF THEIR BRIEF MEETING WAS LESS THAN WARM, IT AT LEAST WAS BUSINESSLIKE. IF NO RESOLUTION OF MAJOR ISSUES WAS EVEN ATTEMPTED, AN IMPORTANT PSYCHOLOGICAL BOUNDARY NEVERTHELESS WAS CROSSED. [MR.] NETANYAHU THE IDEOLOGICAL CAMPAIGNER APPEARS TO HAVE GIVEN WAY TO [PRIME MINISTER] NETANYAHU THE PRAGMATIC STATESMAN, A METAMORPHOSIS TO BE WELCOMED."

TEXT: THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER SAYS:

VOICE: "CONGRATULATIONS ARE IN ORDER TO ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER ... NETANYAHU FOR BOWING TO THE INEVITABLE... HAVING TAKEN THIS FIRST STEP, MR. NETANYAHU SHOULD NOT DELAY IN WITHDRAWING ISRAELI TROOPS FROM MOST OF HEBRON, AS CALLED FOR BY SIGNED AGREEMENTS. [OPT] HE WOULD ALSO BE WISE TO HELP THE PALESTINIANS IMPROVE THEIR DREADFUL ECONOMIC SITUATION BY LETTING THOUSANDS MORE UNEMPLOYED PALESTINIAN WORKERS ENTER ISRAEL."[END OPT]

TEXT: THE NEW YORK TIMES SAYS THE NETANYAHU-ARAFAT MEETING WAS A MILESTONE THAT MARKED THE CROSSING OF "AN IMPORTANT POLITICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIER."

VOICE: "IT REQUIRED NO SMALL MEASURE OF POLITICAL COURAGE FOR THE ISRAELI LEADER TO OVERCOME HIS OWN ANTAGONISM TOWARD MR. ARAFAT AND THE NOISY OBJECTIONS OF HIS FELLOW LIKUD LEADERS. GRANTED, MR. NETANYAHU WAS UNDER HEAVY PRESSURE TO ARRANGE A MEETING... STILL, MEETING MR. ARAFAT WAS NOT AN EASY STEP FOR HIM TO TAKE."

TEXT: AND THE WASHINGTON POST CALLS THE MEETING "A SIGNAL EVENT" AND HEADLINES ITS LEAD EDITORIAL, "THE SECOND HAND SHAKE."

VOICE: "...NOW WHAT A NORWEGIAN GO-BETWEEN CALLS 'THE OTHER HALF OF ISRAEL' -- REPRESENTED BY LIKUD, THE PARTY NOW GOVERNING -- IS STARTING TO COME AROUND... JUST AS MR. ARAFAT'S HANDSHAKE WITH YITZHAK RABIN CREATED A MEMORABLE IMAGE OF A FIRST STAGE IN PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI RECONCILIATION, SO THE HANDSHAKE WITH MR. NETANYAHU POINTS TO A SECOND STAGE."

TEXT: THE BOSTON GLOBE TODAY VOICES CONCERN OVER THE RECENT RISE IN HEROIN USE THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES.

VOICE: "THE COLOMBIAN TRAFFICKERS, WHO STARTED THEIR OWN POPPY-GROWING AND HEROIN-MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS ABOUT FIVE YEARS AGO, HAVE AN EXQUISITELY EVIL SENSE OF TIMING. ACCORDING TO THE ... PARTNERSHIP FOR A DRUG FREE AMERICA, MUCH 'GENERATIONAL FORGETTING' HAS TAKEN PLACE AMONG OLDER TEENS AND YOUNG ADULTS WHO WEREN'T BORN OR WERE TOO YOUNG TO REMEMBER HEROIN'S DESTRUCTIVE PATH IN THE 1960'S AND '70S: HEROIN-USING ROCK STARS AND THE INJECTION OF SO-CALLED 'HEROIN CHIC' INTO THE FASHION WORLD HAVE AIDED THE DRUG'S COURSE."

TEXT: TODAY'S NEW YORK POST, EXAMINING THIS WEEK'S IRAQ-U-S CONFRONTATION, AND THE CONSPICUOUS LACK OF ALLIED SUPPORT, CALLS IT A "DUBIOUS (AMERICAN) VICTORY."

VOICE: "IN ONE SENSE, THIS ABSENCE OF ALLIED SOLIDARITY WITH WASHINGTON UNDERSCORES THE EXTRAORDINARY NATURE OF PRESIDENT BUSH'S ACHIEVEMENT IN ORGANIZING THE 1991 COALITION. STILL, THE CONTRAST WITH [MR.] CLINTON'S RECORD IS PAINFUL... IT REMAINS OUR VIEW THAT [MR.] CLINTON DID WELL IN USING FORCE AGAINST SADDAM... BUT IT'S HARD NOT TO NOTE HOW LITTLE PRESIDENT CLINTON'S WOOING OF BORIS YELTSIN HAS ACCOMPLISHED. RUSSIA, THE BENEFICIARY OF BILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN U-S AND I-M-F AID, HAS OPENLY OPPOSED WASHINGTON'S UNDERTAKING IN RECENT DAYS, MANIFESTING A HOSTILITY REMINISCENT OF THE COLD WAR ERA."

TEXT: HOWEVER, THE BALTIMORE SUN NOTES THE POLITICAL "BOUNCE," OR INCREASE IN SUPPORT, MR. CLINTON HAS GAINED FROM HIS REPRISALS AGAINST SADDAM HUSSEIN'S FORCES.

VOICE: "AMERICA'S MISSILE STRIKES AGAINST IRAQ ARE A CLEAR POLITICAL BONANZA FOR PRESIDENT CLINTON. ALREADY RIDING HIGH IN THE POLLS, THE DEMOCRATIC INCUMBENT HAS GOTTEN AN ADDED BOUNCE IN POPULARITY WHILE CHASING REPUBLICAN BOB DOLE'S FALTERING PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN OFF THE FRONT PAGES. [HOWEVER] MR. CLINTON STILL FACES PERILS IN FOREIGN AFFAIRS HE CANNOT CONTROL."

TEXT: REACTING TO THE CHECHEN TRUCE NEGOTIATED BY KREMLIN SECURITY CHIEF ALEXANDER LEBED, THE PORTLAND [MAINE] PRESS HERALD REMARKS:

VOICE: "[GENERAL] LEBED DEMONSTRATED SKILL AND PERSONAL AUTHORITY IN PERSUADING BOTH THE CHECHENS AND STRONG-WILLED RUSSIAN OFFICERS TO STOP FIGHTING. HIS AGREEMENT WAS APPROVED THROUGH AN INTERMEDIARY BY A SEQUESTERED PRESIDENT BORIS YELTSIN, WHO IS FACING HEART SURGERY LATER THIS MONTH... IF A LEADERSHIP VACUUM DEVELOPS ... IN THE KREMLIN ... HE'S PROVED HE CAN CUT A DEAL. THAT MAKES HIM A MAN TO WATCH."

TEXT: TODAY'S NEW YORK TIMES ARGUES THAT ROSS PEROT, THE TEXAS BILLIONAIRE AND CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT OF THE REFORM PARTY, SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO ENTER THE PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES.

VOICE: "WITH BOB DOLE STILL WELL BEHIND PRESIDENT CLINTON, THE NEXT EVENT THAT COULD AFFECT THE STANDINGS IN THE PRESIDENTIAL RACE IS LIKELY TO BE THE DEBATES BETWEEN THE CANDIDATES. ONE BIG QUESTION IS WHETHER ROSS PEROT SHOULD BE INVITED. REPUBLICANS WORRY THAT MR. PEROT'S PRESENCE COULD HURT MR DOLE. BUT THE DECISION WHETHER TO INCLUDE MR. PEROT, OR ANYONE ELSE, SHOULD BE BASED ON WHETHER A CANDIDACY HAS THE EARMARKS OF A VALID NATIONAL CAMPAIGN."

TEXT: TODAY PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER IS CALLING FOR PRESIDENT CLINTON TO RELEASE HIS COMPLETE MEDICAL RECORDS, NOTING:

VOICE: "AMERICANS HAVE THE RIGHT TO DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT THE HEALTH OF PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES BEFORE THEY PUT ONE OF THEM IN THE OVAL OFFICE."

TEXT: THE LATEST REBEL ATTACKS IN MEXICO TOP THE EDITORIAL COLUMN IN TODAY'S DALLAS MORNING NEWS, WHICH SAYS "INSTABILITY MAY BE PART OF A NECESSARY EVOLUTION."

VOICE: "FEROCIOUS ATTACKS BY PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN REVOLUTIONARIES AGAINST MEXICAN POLICE AND MILITARY POSTS PORTEND NO IMMINENT DESCENT INTO CATASTROPHIC INSTABILITY BY THE UNITED STATES' SOUTHERN NEIGHBOR."

TEXT: AND LASTLY, SOME ADVICE ABOUT FUTURE AMERICAN POLITICAL CONVENTIONS AND HOW TO MAKE THEM MORE REALISTIC. THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR SAYS HOLD THEM FOR ONLY TWO NIGHTS AND LIMIT PROCEEDINGS TO THREE HOURS EACH NIGHT. BUT, SAYS THE MONITOR, THEY ARE WORTH SAVING.

VOICE: "THEY [CONVENTIONS] REMAIN VALUABLE AS THE ONLY TIME A POLITICAL PARTY -- OR RATHER 50-PLUS STATE AND TERRITORIAL PARTIES -- MEET AS A NATIONAL [ITALICS FOR EMPHASIS] BODY."

TEXT: THAT CONCLUDES THIS BRIEF SAMPLING OF EDITORIALS FROM TODAY'S U-S PRESS.
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06-Sep-96 11:30 AM EDT (1530 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[02] BOSNIA SITREP (L ONLY) BY DAVID FOLEY (SARAJEVO)

INTRO: ELECTION OFFICIALS IN BOSNIA SAY CAMPAIGN RALLIES BY BOSNIAN SERBS MAY HAVE VIOLATED ELECTION RULES. DAVID FOLEY IN SARAJEVO REPORTS THE OFFICIALS SAY A DECISION WILL BE MADE NEXT TUESDAY WHICH COULD LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT PENALTIES AGAINST THE RULING BOSNIAN SERB POLITICAL PARTY.

TEXT: IN AN ELECTION RALLY HELD IN A SERB AREA NEAR SARAJEVO ON WEDNESDAY, SENIOR BOSNIAN SERB LEADERS MADE NUMEROUS REFERENCES TO FORMER BOSNIAN SERB PRESIDENT RADOVAN KARADZIC.

EARLIER THIS SUMMER, MR. KARADZIC, WHO HAS BEEN INDICTED FOR WAR CRIMES, WAS FORCED BY INTERNATIONAL PRESSURE TO LEAVE POLITICAL LIFE COMPLETELY. HIS RULING S-D-S PARTY IS FORBIDDEN FROM USING HIS NAME OR PICTURE DURING POLITICAL CAMPAIGNING. BUT IN ADDITION TO REFERENCES MADE TO MR. KARADZIC AT THE RALLY, HUNDREDS OF SERBS WAVED POSTERS OF HIM WHICH THEY SAID HAD BEEN PROVIDED BY THE RALLY ORGANIZERS.

AGGIE KUPERMAN, THE SPOKESWOMAN FOR THE INTERNATIONAL BODY ORGANIZING THE ELECTIONS, SAYS AN INVESTIGATION IS UNDERWAY.

WE HAVE REPORTS THAT THE MOST EGREGIOUS INCIDENTS TOOK PLACE AT THE RALLY YESTERDAY.

THE ACTING BOSNIAN SERB PRESIDENT, BILJANA PLAVSIC, ALSO ADDRESSED THE RALLY, AND DECLARED IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE FOR SERBS TO LIVE WITH CROATS AND MUSLIMS. SHE SAID SERBS CAN BUILD BROTHERHOOD AND UNITY ONLY WITH OTHER SERBS IN THE BALKANS.

THE RULING MUSLIM PARTY HAS LODGED AN OFFICIAL COMPLAINT OVER THE USE OF MR. KARADZIC'S NAME AND IMAGE DURING THE RALLY, AND SENIOR ELECTION OFFICIALS HAVE HELD MEETINGS WITH SERB LEADERS IN PALE.

THE ELECTION OFFICIALS SAY AN EXPEDITED RULING BY THE COMMISSION CHARGED WITH JUDGING ELECTION RULE VIOLATIONS WILL BE ISSUED ON TUESDAY. THAT DECISION COULD LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT PENALTIES AGAINST THE RULING BOSNIAN SERB PARTY, INCLUDING THE STRIKING OF LEADING CANDIDATES FROM THE BALLOT.

THE SPOKESMAN FOR THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL, ALEX IVANKO, HAS AGAIN CRITICISED THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY FOR NOT ENSURING THE CAPTURE OF MR. KARADZIC AND OTHERS INDICTED FOR WAR CRIMES.

THIS DISCUSSION WOULDN'T BE NECESSARY IF WHAT THE TRIBUNAL HAS BEEN URGING WAS DONE EARLIER, SPECIFICALLY THAT INDICTED WAR CRIMINALS WERE TRANSPORTED TO THE HAGUE. THE TRIBUNAL BELIEVES THAT THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY WAS NOT RESOLUTE ENOUGH IN DEALING WITH THIS ISSUE.

WITH ELECTIONS NOW JUST A WEEK AWAY THE ELECTION ORGANIZERS HOPE A SHARP AND IMMEDIATE REACTION TO THESE LATEST VIOLATIONS WILL HELP ENSURE A PEACEFUL FINAL WEEK OF CAMPAIGNING. (SIGNED)
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06-Sep-96 10:35 AM EDT (1435 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[03] BOSNIA: THE TUZLA VOTE BY PAMELA TAYLOR (SARAJEVO)

INTRO: THE NORTHERN CITY OF TUZLA -- HOME TO THE U-S FORCES IN BOSNIA -- IS EXPECTED TO PLAY A CRITICAL PART IN NEXT WEEK'S ELECTIONS. BEFORE THE WAR, TUZLA, LIKE SARAJEVO, HAD ONE OF THE MOST MIXED ETHNIC POPULATIONS IN BOSNIA. TODAY IT REMAINS RELATIVELY MIXED DESPITE A MASSIVE INFLUX OF MUSLIM REFUGEES. V-O-A'S PAMELA TAYLOR HAS JUST RETURNED FROM TUZLA AND HAS THIS REPORT.

TEXT: THE CITIZENS OF TUZLA, ONE OF BOSNIA'S MOST ETHNICALLY MIXED CITIES, REPRESENT A BIG UNDECIDED VOTE IN NEXT FRIDAY'S ELECTION. WHILE THE REST OF THE REPUBLIC IS WIDELY EXPECTED TO VOTE ALONG ETHNIC PARTY LINES, NATIONALIST PARTY LEADERS AREN'T AT ALL CONFIDENT OF THE TUZLA VOTE.

THE MAYOR OF TUZLA, SELIM BESLAGIC (BESH-LAH-GITCH) DOESN'T THINK THE TUZLA VOTE WILL HAVE A MAJOR IMPACT ON THE ELECTION OUTCOME. HE SAID THAT IN 1991 85 PER CENT OF THE BOSNIAN POPULATION VOTED FOR NATIONALIST PARTIES.

AT THE TIME OF THE LAST CENSUS IN 1991 MUSLIMS WERE IN A MAJORITY IN TUZLA WITH SERBS AND CROATS EVENLY DIVIDED. MAYOR BESLAGIC SAYS THAT ENOUGH SERBS HAVE REMAINED IN HIS CITY TO PROMPT HIM TO NEGOTIATE THE RETURN OF THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX PATRIARCH. AND THE NEWLY PAINTED ORTHODOX CHURCH IS ONE OF THE PRETTIEST LANDMARKS IN TUZLA TODAY.

ANOTHER NOTABLE SIGN OF TUZLA'S TOLERANCE IS THE FACT THAT POSTERS FROM BOSNIA'S INDEPENDENT AND MULTI-ETHNIC PARTIES APPEAR ON WALLS AND SIGNPOSTS. IN THE VILLAGES BETWEEN SARAJEVO AND TUZLA, ON THE OTHER HAND, POSTERS FROM THE RULING MUSLIM PARTY CLEARLY DOMINATE. WHEN ASKED HOW THE CITIZENS OF TUZLA HAD RESISTED THE SOMETIMES VIOLENT EFFORTS OF THE RULING MUSLIM PARTY TO DISCOURAGE INDEPENDENTS BY DISRUPTING THEIR RALLIES AND RIPPING DOWN THEIR CAMPAIGN POSTERS, MAYOR BESLAGIC SAID IT WAS BECAUSE THE CITIZENS KNEW THEY HAVE HIS SUPPORT IF THEY RESIST SUCH TACTICS. IT IS THIS KIND OF LEADERSHIP, OTHERS IN TUZLA SAY, THAT HAS ALLOWED TUZLA TO PRESERVE ITS MULTI-ETHNIC WAY OF LIFE.

LATER IN AN INTERVIEW WITH THE U-S COMMANDER IN CHARGE OF THE AREA SURROUNDING THE NEARBY SERB TOWN OF ZVORNIK, COLONEL ANTHONY HARRIMAN, HARRIMAN SAID TOO MUCH HAS BEEN MADE ABOUT THINGS LIKE CAMPAIGN POSTERS, INCLUDING WHETHER OR NOT HIS TROOPS SHOULD REMOVE THE ONES THEY SEE OF RADOVAN KARADZIC. POSTERS OF MR. KARADZIC HAVE SPROUTED EVERYWHERE IN THE SERB REPUBLIC DESPITE A BAN ON ACTIVE CAMPAIGNING BY THE INDICTED SERB LEADER.

WE'RE TRYING TO BUILD A FUTURE HERE AND TO RUN AROUND WORRYING ABOUT PICTURES OF KARADZIC WHEN WE'RE TRYING TO HAVE AN ELECTION THAT WILL BUILD A THREE-PART PRESIDENCY. IF YOU CAN IMAGINE THREE DIFFERENT PEOPLE (PRESIDENTS) -- THEY'LL HAVE TO TALK TO EACH OTHER JUST TO HAVE THE PRESIDENCY DO SOMETHING. THAT'S A STEP AND IT'S A GOOD STEP.

COLONEL HARRIMAN SAID HE IS HOPEFUL ABOUT THE ELECTIONS BECAUSE HE THINKS BOTH SIDES KNOW THEY WILL NEVER MOVE FORWARD ECONOMICALLY WITHOUT A RECOGNIZED STATE WHICH OTHER COUNTRIES CAN DO BUSINESS WITH. (SIGNED) NEB/PAM/GKT/T/KL
06-Sep-96 3:45 PM EDT (1945 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[04] CHRISTOPHER-GERMANY (L) BY RON PEMSTEIN (STUTTGART)

INTRO: SECRETARY OF STATE WARREN CHRISTOPHER HAS ANNOUNCED THAT A NATO SUMMIT MEETING WILL TAKE PLACE IN THE MIDDLE OF NEXT YEAR TO SELECT NEW MEMBERS FROM CENTRAL EUROPE AND TO DRAW UP AN AGREEMENT WITH RUSSIA. V-O-A'S CORRESPONDENT RON PEMSTEIN REPORTS FROM STUTTGART, GERMANY.

TEXT: FIFTY YEARS AGO ON SEPTEMBER 6TH, AN AMERICAN SECRETARY OF STATE USED THE PODIUM OF THE STATE THEATER HERE TO ANNOUNCE THAT THE UNITED STATES INTENDED TO BRING A DEMOCRATIC GERMANY INTO THE WEST AND TO STAY INVOLVED IN EUROPE.

ON THIS ANNIVERSARY, WARREN CHRISTOPHER CAME TO THIS SOUTHWEST GERMAN CITY TO SPEAK FROM THE SAME PLACE TO CALL FOR A NEW ATLANTIC COMMUNITY IN THE POST COLD WAR ERA. THE SECRETARY OF STATE SAYS NATO LEADERS BY LATE SPRING OR EARLY SUMMER OF 1997 SHOULD NAME NEW MEMBERS FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE.

BASED ON THESE DISCUSSIONS, AT THE 1997 SUMMIT WE SHOULD INVITE SEVERAL PARTNERS TO BEGIN ACCESSION NEGOTIATIONS. WHEN THE FIRST NEW MEMBERS PASS THROUGH NATO'S OPEN DOOR, THAT DOOR WILL STAY OPEN FOR ALL THOSE WHO ARE WILLING AND ABLE TO SHOULDER THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF MEMBERSHIP AND ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE THAT THEY CAN CARRY OUT THOSE RESPONSIBILITIES.

IN AN EARLIER MEETING IN BONN, CHANCELLOR HELMUT KOHL TOLD MR.CHRISTOPHER HE WILL DELIVER THAT MESSAGE THIS WEEKEND IN MOSCOW TO THE AILING RUSSIAN PRESIDENT BORIS YELTSIN. IN HIS SPEECH HERE, MR. CHRISTOPHER CALLS FOR FORMAL RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE NEW NATO.

RUSSIA'S COOPERATION WITH NATO SHOULD BE EXPRESSED IN A FORMAL CHARTER. THIS CHARTER SHOULD CREATE STANDING ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONSULTATION AND JOINT ACTION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE ALLIANCE. NATO AND RUSSIA NEED A CHARTER BECAUSE WE SHARE AN INTEREST IN PREVENTING ARMED CONFLICT. WE ARE EQUALLY THREATENED BY PROLIFERATION, NUCLEAR SMUGGLING AND THE SPECTER OF DISASTERS LIKE CHERNOBYL. THE CHARTER WE SEEK SHOULD GIVE US A PERMAMENT MECHANISM FOR CRISIS MANAGEMENT SO THAT WE CAN RESPOND TOGETHER IMMEDIATELY AS THESE CHALLENGES ARISE.

THE SPEECH SECRETARY OF STATE JAMES BYRNES GAVE HERE IN 1946 IS FONDLY REMEMBERED IN STUTTGART AS THE SPEECH OF HOPE WHEN GERMANY WAS GIVEN A CHANCE TO LIVE PROTECTED AS A DEMOCRATIC NATION. AS STUTTGART MAYOR MANFRED ROMMEL TOLD MR. CHRISTOPHER, "IT WAS EXCEPTIONAL IN HISTORY THAT A VICTORIOUS NATION SHOULD GIVE SO MUCH HOPE AND ENCOURAGEMENT TO THE DEFEATED." IN THIS ANNIVERSARY STATEMENT, MR. CHRISTOPHER REACHED OUT TO THE LOSERS OF THE COLD WAR TO OFFER A ROADMAP FOR THEIR INTEGRATION IN THE WEST. (SIGNED)
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06-Sep-96 2:31 PM EDT (1831 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[05] CLINTON/NATO (S ONLY) BY JIM MALONE (PANAMA CITY, FLORIDA)

INTRO: PRESIDENT CLINTON SAYS HE HOPES NATO WILL MEET NEXT YEAR AS A FIRST STEP TOWARD EXPANDING THE NATO ALLIANCE. THE PRESIDENT ISSUED A WRITTEN STATEMENT TO REPORTERS DURING HIS CAMPAIGN SWING THROUGH FLORIDA FRIDAY, AND WE HAVE A REPORT FROM V-O-A'S CORRESPONDENT JIM MALONE IN PANAMA CITY, FLORIDA.

TEXT: THE PRESIDENT'S STATEMENT WAS ISSUED FOLLOWING SECRETARY OF STATE WARREN CHRISTOPHER'S SPEECH IN STUTTGART, GERMANY, WHICH ADDRESSED THE ISSUE IN DETAIL.

THE STATEMENT SAYS THE PRESIDENT REQUESTED THAT SECRETARY CHRISTOPHER CALL THE NATO SUMMIT NEXT YEAR TO TAKE THE NEXT STEPS ON ADAPTING AND ENLARGING THE NATO ALLIANCE AND PREPARING IT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY.

BRIEFING REPORTERS DURING THE PRESIDENT'S CAMPAIGN SWING THROUGH FLORIDA, PRESIDENTIAL SPOKESMAN MIKE MCCURRY SAYS THE PURPOSE OF THE SUMMIT WOULD BE TO DECIDE WHICH COUNTRIES WOULD BE ADMITTED FIRST IN AN EXPANDED NATO AND EXACTLY WHEN THAT WOULD TAKE PLACE.

PART OF THIS SUMMIT WILL, IN FACT, BE ABOUT ENHANCING THEPARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE SO THAT THOSE WHO ARE NOT SELECTED FOR THE FIRST ROUND OF ADMISSIONS TO NATO WOULD SEE THEIR OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVOLVEMENT WITH NATO STEP UP.

MR. MCCURRY SAYS THE ADMINISTRATION DID LET THE RUSSIANS KNOW ABOUT SECRETARY CHRISTOPHER'S SPEECH IN ADVANCE. BUT HE ADDED THAT HE DID NOT HAVE A REPORTED REACTION FROM THE RUSSIANS TO THE U-S CALL FOR A NATO SUMMIT. (SIGNED)
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06-Sep-96 6:17 PM EDT (2217 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[06] KURDS PROFILE BY LAURIE KASSMAN (CAIRO)

INTRO: THE POWER FEUD BETWEEN IRAQ'S KURDISTAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY (K-D-P) AND THE PATRIOTIC UNION OF KURDISTAN (P-U-K) HAS AGAIN GRABBED INTERNATIONAL HEADLINES AND SPARKED INTERNATIONAL CONCERN. THE KURDS HAVE A LONG, NATIONAL HISTORY -- BUT NO NATION. SOME 20-MILLION MOSTLY-SUNNI MUSLIM KURDS LIVE IN THE RUGGED MOUNTAINS THAT STRADDLE IRAQ, TURKEY, IRAN, SYRIA, AND THE SOUTHERN REACHES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION. BUT AS VOA'S LAURIE KASSMAN REPORTS, NOWHERE IS THE KURDISH STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE AS HIGHLIGHTED -- OR AS COMPLICATED -- AS IN NORTHERN IRAQ.

TEXT: JALAL TALABANI, NOW IN HIS MID-60'S, JOINED IRAQ'S KURDISH INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT AS A TEENAGER. HE FOUGHT ALONGSIDE MASSOUD BARZANI'S CHARISMATIC FATHER. BUT IN 1975, HE BROKE RANKS AND SET UP A RIVAL FACTION. HE AND MASSOUD BARZANI HAVE BEEN SPARRING EVER SINCE, IN SPITE OF THEIR COMMON GOAL OF KURDISH AUTONOMY.

IRAQ'S KURDS WON THE RIGHT TO RULE THEMSELVES AND SPEAK THEIR OWN LANGUAGE IN THE MOSTLY-KURDISH NORTH, JUST AFTER WORLD WAR TWO. BUT IT DID NOT LAST. A GOVERNMENT OFFENSIVE IN 1974 SENT SEVERAL HUNDRED-THOUSAND KURDS FLEEING FOR SAFETY TO NEIGHBORING IRAN. IN 1988, THE PLIGHT OF IRAQI KURDS GRABBED INTERNATIONAL ATTENTION WHEN THE BAGHDAD GOVERNMENT LAUNCHED A POISON GAS ATTACK AGAINST THE TOWN OF HALABJA. MORE THAN FIVE THOUSAND KURDS DIED.

HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF KURDS FLED AGAIN TO TURKEY AND IRAN WHEN BAGHDAD PUT DOWN ANOTHER REVOLT AFTER THE 1991 GULF WAR. THAT LED THE UNITED NATIONS TO CARVE-OUT A SAFE HAVEN FOR THE KURDS IN NORTHERN IRAQ AND AGREE TO A U-S-LED AIR PATROL TO PROTECT THEM FROM BAGHDAD'S AGGRESSIONS.

IN THE RELATIVE CALM WHICH FOLLOWED, THE KURDS ORGANIZED PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS TO GOVERN THE AUTONOMOUS AREA THAT STRETCHES ACROSS NORTHERN IRAQ ALONG THE SYRIAN, TURKISH AND IRANIAN BORDERS AND SOUTH ALONG THE EDGE OF IRAQ'S OIL FIELDS. BUT THE BARZANI-TALABANI COALITION QUICKLY DISINTEGRATED. FACTIONAL FIGHTING ERUPTED IN EARNEST IN MAY OF 1994 AND CLAIMED MORE THAN TWO-THOUSAND VICTIMS.

SINCE THEN, THE FACTIONS BASICALLY HAVE SPLIT NORTHERN IRAQ IN HALF WITH BARZANI FORCES IN CONTROL OF THE BORDER AREA NEAR TURKEY AND MR. TALABANI'S FORCES IN CONTROL OF THE IRANIAN BORDER AREA, AND OF IRBIL -- THE SEAT OF THE ILL-FATED KURDISH PARLIAMENT.

BOTH MR. TALABANI AND MR. BARZANI HAVE DENOUNCED SADDAM HUSSEIN FOR OPPRESSING THE KURDS, BUT BOTH HAVE RESORTED TO NEGOTIATING WITH THE IRAQI LEADER FOR THE SAFETY OF THEIR COMMUNITY. NOW, MR. BARZANI ACCUSES MR. TALABANI OF RELYING ON IRANIAN MILITARY SUPPORT. AND, MR. BARZANI SAYS HE CALLED ON BAGHDAD'S HELP TO TRY TO OFFSET IT.

THE KURDISH FEUD CREATES A POWER VACUUM IN NORTHERN IRAQ THAT CONCERNS NOT ONLY BAGHDAD. TEHRAN PERIODICALLY LAUNCHES CROSS-BORDER RAIDS TO HIT IRANIAN KURDS BASED IN NORTHERN IRAQ. DIPLOMATS IN THE REGION SUGGEST IRAQ'S ARCH-ENEMY IS ALSO EXPANDING AN UNOFFICIAL PRESENCE THERE. LAST YEAR, THOUSANDS OF TURKISH TROOPS CROSSED THE BORDER TO CHASE AWAY TURKEY'S KURDISH REBELS WHO TAKE REFUGE IN NORTHERN IRAQ. NOW, TURKEY WANTS TO SET UP A SECURITY BUFFER THERE.

MR. BARZANI'S CALL FOR BAGHDAD'S HELP TO OUST TALABANI FORCES FROM IRBIL HAS REOPENED THE DOOR TO AN INTERNATIONAL POWER PLAY IN NORTHERN IRAQ.

EVEN AFTER SADDAM HUSSEIN PULLS HIS TROOPS BACK FROM THE NORTH, HE STANDS TO GAIN FROM THE ALLIANCE WITH MR. BARZANI. K-D-P FORCES CONTROL THE KEY ROUTES FOR SMUGGLING IRAQI OIL OUT TO TURKEY AND FOOD AND LUXURY GOODS INTO IRAQ. ALL ARE BANNED BY U-N SANCTIONS THAT HAVE SLOWLY CRIPPLED IRAQ'S ECONOMY DURING THE PAST SIX YEARS. (SIGNED)
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06-Sep-96 11:51 AM EDT (1551 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[07] TURKEY AND NORTHERN IRAQ BY ED WARNER (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: TURKEY IS NOW ESTABLISHING A SECURITY ZONE SEVERAL KILOMETERS WIDE IN NORTHERN IRAQ TO KEEP KURDISH REBELS FROM CROSSING THE BORDER. THE UNITED STATES, WHICH PROTECTS THE KURDISH SAFE-HAVEN IN NORTHERN IRAQ IN ITS OPERATION "PROVIDE COMFORT", HAS MADE NO OBJECTION. V-O-A'S ED WARNER EXPLAINS SOME OF TURKEY'S REASONS FOR BEING CONCERNED ABOUT THE SITUATION ALONG ITS SOUTHEASTERN BORDER.

TEXT: FOR YEARS, TURKEY HAS FACED A KURDISH REBELLION IN ITS SOUTHEAST, WITH GUERRILLAS EASILY CROSSING THE BORDER INTO NORTHERN IRAQ. ALAN MAKOVSKY, A SENIOR FELLOW AT THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY, SAYS FOR THIS REASON, TURKEY FEARS A KURDISH ENTITY IN NORTHERN IRAQ MORE THAN IT FEARS SADDAM HUSSEIN.

MANY TURKS WERE UNEASY ABOUT THE ROLE THAT THEY PLAYED EVEN DURING THE GULF WAR. THEY HAVE BEEN UNEASY ABOUT BEING THE BASE FOR OPERATION "PROVIDE COMFORT." (U-S PROTECTION OF THE KURDS IN NORTHERN IRAQ). IF THEY WERE TO BE A BASE NOT ONLY FOR OPERATION "PROVIDE COMFORT" BUT FOR AN OPERATION THAT REQUIRED IRAQI ARMOR TO VACATE NORTHERN IRAQ -- MEANING THAT U-S AIRPLANES BASED IN TURKEY WOULD HIT ANY IRAQI TANKS IN THE NORTH -- THAT WOULD CERTAINLY MAKE THE TURKS UNEASY.

IRAQI ARMOR, ALONG WITH TROOPS, APPEAR TO BE WITHDRAWING FROM THE NORTH, ALTHOUGH SMALLER FORCES OF SADDAM HUSSEIN ARE EXPECTED TO REMAIN.

ALAN MAKOVSKY SAYS TURKEY ALSO HAS ECONOMIC CONCERNS THAT IT HOPED WOULD BE ALLEVIATED BY A U-N RESOLUTION ALLOWING IRAQ TO SELL SOME OIL TO PAY FOR BADLY NEEDED FOOD AND MEDICINE:

THE TURKS, IN ADDITION, FEEL THAT THE IMPOVERISHMENT OF THE FAR EAST, WHICH IN PART HAS BEEN CAUSED BY THESE SANCTIONS, HAS ABETTED THE KURDISH INSURGENCY IN TURKEY ITSELF. SO THE TURKS ARE EAGER TO PUT IRAQ BACK ON THE MARKET. THEY WERE LOOKING PARTICULARLY FORWARD TO IMPLEMENTATION OF (U-N RESOLUTION) 986, WHICH PROMISED TO PROVIDE, IF NOT A BONANZA, CERTAINLY A HEALTHY ECONOMIC BONUS FOR THE TURKS.

FRED HAYNES, PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN TURKISH COUNCIL, SAYS TURKEY MUST BALANCE ITS NATIONAL INTEREST WITH U-S POLICY GOALS:

THE TURKS HAVE SUFFERED PROBABLY MORE THAN ANY OTHER NATION OTHER THAN IRAQ AS A RESULT OF THE GULF WAR AND THE SANCTIONS THAT HAVE BEEN PLACED ON IRAQ. WE HAVE SEEN AN ENORMOUS DROP-OFF OF ANY KIND OF TRADE WITH IRAQ. THERE IS SOME, BUT IT IS NOT VERY MUCH. AND SECONDLY, OF COURSE, THE OIL WAS CUT OFF. SO THE TURKS HAVE LOST A LOT OF INCOME AS A RESULT, AND THEY TEND TO VIEW THEIR NEIGHBORS LIKE SADDAM HUSSEIN SOMEWHAT LESS VENOMOUSLY THAN PERHAPS WE DO.

FRED HAYNES SAYS DELAYING THE LIMITED SALE OF IRAQI OIL ASSURES CONTINUED PROBLEMS FOR TURKEY, AS WELL AS MORE SUFFERING FOR THE IRAQI PEOPLE:

THE TURKS WERE READY TO PROVIDE A VERY SIZABLE AMOUNT OF MEDICAL SUPPLIES AND FOOD IF THE SANCTIONS HAD BEEN LOOSENED. BUT AS WE KNOW, MR. BOUTROS GHALI AND THE UNITED NATIONS CHANGED THAT, AND NOW WE HAVE PEOPLE SUFFERING ON ALL FRONTS AS A RESULT OF THIS. THE TURKS WOULD HAVE PICKED UP PROBABLY 200 MILLION A YEAR IN OIL REVENUES IF THE LIMITED SUPPLIES HAD BEEN ALLOWED TO FLOW THROUGH THAT SOUTHEASTERN PIPELINE THAT COMES THROUGH TURKEY. BUT IT IS ALL UP IN THE AIR AT THE MOMENT.

FRED HAYNES OF THE AMERICAN TURKISH COUNCIL SAYS THERE IS NO WAY TO PREDICT WHAT WILL HAPPEN IN NORTHERN IRAQ, WITH ITS COMPLEX MOSAIC OF CONTENDING FORCES. (SIGNED)
NEB/EW/MMK
06-Sep-96 11:33 AM EDT (1533 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[08] U-N WEEK-IN-REVIEW BY ELAINE JOHANSON (UNITED NATIONS)

INTRO: THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL FAILS TO MEND DIFFERENCES ON IRAQ, FOLLOWING AN IRAQI INCURSION INTO THE KURSDISH NORTH; SECRETARY-GENERAL BOUTROS BOUTROS-GHALI SUSPENDS A HUMANITARIAN OPERATION FOR IRAQ AIMED AT PURCHASING BADLY NEEDED FOOD AND MEDICINE; AND, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY PREPARES TO CONSIDER A TREATY BANNING NUCLEAR TESTING. VOA CORRESPONDENT ELAINE JOHANSON REVIEWS THE MAIN DEVELOPMENTS OF THE PAST WEEK:

TEXT: WHAT WOULD NORMALLY HAVE BEEN A QUIET WEEK AT THE UNITED NATIONS WAS TURNED INTO A FRENETIC SPIN OF DIPLOMATIC ACTIVITY. IRAQ HAD SENT ITS TROOPS INTO KURDISH AREAS IN THE NORTH AND CAPTURED THE TOWN OF IRBIL. THE UNITED STATES RESPONDED WITH CRUISE MISSILE ATTACKS ON IRAQI AIR DEFENSE BASES IN SOUTHERN IRAQ.

BUT THE SECURITY COUNCIL FOUND NO COMMON GROUND FROM WHICH TO REACT TO THE NEW TENSIONS. AFTER SEVERAL DAYS OF INTENSE CONSULTATIONS, THE BRITISH LAID TO REST A DRAFT RESOLUTION THAT WOULD HAVE CONDEMNED THE TAKING OF THE KURDISH TOWN AND WARNED PRESIDENT SADDAM HUSSEIN AGAINST FURTHER INCURSIONS.

THE RUSSIANS OBJECTED BECAUSE THE RESOLUTION MADE NO MENTION OF THE U-S AIR STRIKES. MOSCOW OPPOSED U-S MILITARY ACTION IN IRAQ, WHICH WASHINGTON SAID WAS AUTHORIZED UNDER U-N RESOLUTIONS, AND WANTED THE COUNCIL TO CRITICIZE ALL USE OF FORCE IN THE REGION. RUSSIAN AMBASSADOR SERGEI LAVROV EXPRESSED HIS DISMAY AT THE U-S POSITION:

THE RESPONSE TO THESE EVENTS BY THE UNITED STATES WAS DISPROPORTIONATE AND WE DON'T THINK IT WAS AN ACCEPTABLE RESPONSE.. IT DOES NOT FLOW FROM THE RESOLUTIONS OF THE SECURITY COUCNIL IF OF COURSE ONE CARES TO READ THOSE RESOLUTIONS.

U-S AMBASSADOR MADELEINE ALBRIGHT EXPRESSED REGRET, SAYING PERHAPS THE SECURITY COUNCIL IS NOT ALWAYS THE BEST PLACE TO HANDLE PROBLEMS. SHE SAID THE UNITED STATES DID WELL BY STRIKING INSIDE IRAQ BECAUSE IT TURNED OUT TO BE THE ONLY SIGNAL OF DISAPPROVAL BAGHDAD WOULD GET:

WE STAND BY WHAT THE UNITED STATES DID TO DEAL WITH THE PROBLEM IN THE NORTHERN GOVERNANCE AND IT'S JUST UNFORTUNATE THAT AT THIS STAGE THE COUNCIL WAS NOT ABLE TO SPEAK ON THE SUBJECT.

-0- MEANWHILE, THE U-N SUPSENDED DEPLOYMENT OF MONITORS IN IRAQ TO SUPERVISE A LIMITED OIL SALES DEAL THAT WOULD ALLOW IRAQ TO RAISE MONEY FOR HUMANTARIAN SUPPLIES. IRAQ WAS TO BEGIN SELLING TWO BILLION DOLLARS OF OIL OVER SIX MONTHS TO EASE THE IMPACT OF SIX YEARS OF U-N SANCTIONS IMPOSED AFTER IRAQ INVADED KUWAIT IN 1990.

THE UNITED STATES DEMANDED A REVISION OF THE SO-CALLED OIL-FOR-FOOD DEAL IN LIGHT OF IRAQ'S LATEST MILITARY ACTION. BUT IT RECEIVED NO SUPPORT FOR THE IDEA INSIDE THE SECURITY COUNCIL. DIPLOMATS SAID THE SECRETARY-GENERAL WOULD DECIDE WHEN TO RESUME THE OPERATION -- APPARENTLY WHEN THE SAFETY OF U-N PERSONNEL CAN BE GUARANTEED.

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THE U-N GENERAL ASSEMBLY IS MEETING MONDAY TO CONSIDER A TREATY BANNING ALL NUCLEAR TEST EXPLOSIONS. AUSTRALIA REQUESTED THE MEETING AFTER INDIA LAST MONTH BLOCKED ITS ADOPTION IN GENEVA.

SUPPORTERS OF THE TREATY ARE CONFIDENT THEY WILL HAVE THE NECESSARY VOTES. UNLIKE THE DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE IN GENEVA, A UNANIMOUS VOTE FOR PASSAGE IS NOT REQUIRED IN THE ASSEMBLY.

INDIA OBJECTED TO THE TREATY BECAUSE IT DOES NOT INCLUDE A TIMETABLE FOR COMPLETE NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT. AUSTRALIA'S U-N AMBASSADOR RICHARD BUTLER CALLED THE ARGUMENT NONSENSE. HE SAID A TEST BAN WILL MOVE THE WORLD CLOSER TOWARD DISARMAMENT, WHICH THE NUCLEAR POWER STATES HAVE COMMITTED THEMSELVES TO:

OUR POINT IS THAT THE ONE SHOLD NOT BE MADE HOSTAGE TO THE OTHER. WE SHOULD PURSUE BOTH. AND IN THIS TREATY DOCUMENT WE HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY WE SOUGHT FOR 40 YEARS TO BRING AN END TO TEST EXPLOSIONS.

IF THE TEST BAN TREATY IS ADOPTED MONDAY, IT WOULD BE OPEN FOR SIGNATURES IN ABOUT TWO WEEKS. (SIGNED)
NEB/EJ/KL
06-Sep-96 5:26 PM EDT (2126 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[09] U-S/TURKEY/IRAQ (S-ONLY) BY DAVID GOLLUST (PENTAGON)

INTRO: THE UNITED STATES WILL OPEN TALKS NEXT WEEK WITH TURKEY ON TURKISH ECONOMIC LOSSES RESULTING FROM ANKARA'S SUPPORT FOR WESTERN SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAQ. TURKEY SAYS IT HAS LOST NEARLY 30 BILLION DOLLARS SINCE THE GULF WAR BECAUSE OF SANCTIONS. V-O-A'S DAVID GOLLUST HAS DETAILS.

TEXT: ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS SAY THE U-S AMBASSADOR TO TURKEY WILL DISCUSS THE FINANCIAL ISSUES WITH TURKISH LEADERS IN ANKARA NEXT WEEK. BUT THEY ARE GIVING NO INDICATION THE UNITED STATES IS READY TO OFFER ADDITIONAL AID.

TURKISH FOREIGN MINISTER TANSU CILLER HAS RAISED TURKEY'S ECONOMIC PROBLEMS IN LETTERS TO PRESIDENT CLINTON AND SECRETARY OF STATE CHRISTOPHER, AND SAYS HER GOVERNMENT WANTS COMPENSATION FOR AT LEAST SOME OF THE LOSSES INCURRED IN UPHOLDING IRAQI SANCTIONS.

IN A TALK WITH REPORTERS HERE, DEFENSE SECRETARY WILLIAM PERRY SAID THE UNITED STATES IS SYMPATHETIC TO WHAT HE SAYS ARE VALID TURKISH CONCERNS:

THEY HAVE BEEN AN UNINTENDED VICTIM OF THOSE SANCTIONS, BECAUSE THEY HAD SUBSTANTIAL INCOME WHICH CAME FROM THE PIPELINES WHICH FLOWED THROUGH TURKEY. SO WE ARE VERY SYMPATHETIC WITH THAT AND WE HAVE NOT MADE ANY COMMITMENTS TO PROVIDE ECONOMIC SUPPORT OURSELVES.

A U-N PLAN TO ALLOW IRAQ TO EXPORT OIL THROUGH TURKEY TO MEET HUMANITARIAN NEEDS -- WHICH WOULD HAVE BROUGHT TURKEY NEW REVENUE -- HAS BEEN PUT ON HOLD BY IRAQI LEADER SADDAM HUSSEIN'S MILITARY THRUST INTO KURDISH REGION OF NORTHERN IRAQ. (SIGNED)
NEB/DAG/AC/KL
06-Sep-96 6:49 PM EDT (2249 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

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