Enenhnta Epta - To Periodiko ths Politistikhs Prwteyoysas Teyxos 7o

KOMIKS: Mia nearh Texnh 100 xronwn!

Agaph8hkan, amfisbhth8hkan, polemh8hkan oso isws kamia allh texnh. Disekatommyria o ethsios tziros toys, ekatommyria oi anagnwstes toys, xiliades ta entypa poy ta filo3enoyn, ekatontades oi hrwes toys poy -paroti xartinoi- antexoyn ston xrono!...

Komiks: Afhghsh me eikones kai logo - gi' ayto kai «eikonografhghmata» kata ton k. Petro Martinidh.

Mia texnh poy gennh8hke akribws 100 xronia prin, otan to «Yellow Kid» toy Ritsarnt Aoytkolt, emfanisthke san comic-strip stis selides ths New York Journal.

Mia texnh poy poly grhgora e3aplw8hke ston planhth me pampolles morfes kai sxhmata.

Miloyme, bebaia, gia texnh, afoy ayto to afhghmatiko eidos, para ta daneia kai toys ephreasmoys poy moiraia dexthke apo alles ghraioteres texnes, (zwgrafikh, logotexnia), alla kai neoteres (kinhmatografos, fwtografia) katafere na anapty3ei aytonomia ekfrashs me dikoys toy kwdikes epikoinwnias, alla kai eikastikes diastaseis poy anamfibola to entassoyn stis kales texnes.

Fysika, opws pantoy, yparxoyn ki edw ta «chla» kai ta «xamhla», ta «diamantia» kai ta «skoypidia», etsi mporei kaneis na brei olh thn gkama stis poiothtes kai na peta3ei h na krathsei ayta poy h paideia, h ais8htikh h h kritikh toy ikanothta toy ypagoreyoyn.

Ta 8emata toys: o polemos, oi fyletikes diakriseis, h bia, o fanatismos, oi sxeseis twn an8rwpwn, ta narkwtika, to se3, o erwtas, einai 8emata poy pragmateyontai kai alles texnes. H diafora egkeitai sto gegonos oti oi 8eseis twn komiks einai parembatika anatreptikes.

Yparxoyn ki edw oi dakrybrextes synais8hmatikes istories, o erwtismos, oi stomfwdeis tonoi toy epoys, opws kai oi xamhloi ths ka8hmerinothtas. Yparxei h peripeteia s' oles tis morfes ths, o aysthros realismos, h axalinwth fantasia, h xara, h lyph, h orgh, h aganakthsh. Dinontai omws m' enan diaforetiko tropo, poy syndyazei thn perigrafh me thn kritikh, th diaskedash me thn koyltoyra, thn eirwneia me thn pikra, ton sarkasmo me to ekleptysmeno xioymor, th fantasiwsh me ton realismo, to synais8hma me th logikh. Ki ola ayta me sygxrones morfes optikopoihmenhs afhghshs, poy sthrizetai sthn isorropia kai allhlosymplhrwsh logoy kai eikonas. Logos poy allote periorizetai se aploys dialogoys ki allote apokta logotexnikes diastaseis kai eikona, poy allote einai ena perigrammiko skitso ki allote enas zwgrafikos pinakas.

Exoyme, loipon, na kanoyme me mia kainoyria antimetwpish kai malista, opws leei kai h A. Sxina, «oxi mono ths texnhs kai twn ais8htikwn parametrwn poy yphretoyn ta komiks, alla kai ths idias ths koinwnias, mesa apo ta xarakthristika apo ta opoia ayth prosdiorizetai shmera».

Ta komiks aresoyn giati afhgoyntai me parastatiko tropo, ermhneyoyn kai krinoyn ton kosmo mas, pla8oyn alloys «fantastikoys kosmoys» kalyteroys h xeiroteroys ap' ton diko mas, einai pio amesa apo ton grapto logo, ta diabazei kaneis me ton ry8mo poy 8elei, oses fores 8elei, ston xwro kai ston xrono poy epilegei kai kyriws giati einai konta sth glwssa kai stis taxythtes toy aiwna mas.

An kai gennh8hkan sthn Amerikh, ta komiks shmera einai eyrwpaika, afrikanika, asiatika, ka8ws oi dhmioyrgoi afhgoyntai tis istories toys anatrexontas sthn koyltoyra kai stis idiaiterothtes toy topoy toys.

Den einai, bebaia, ka8oloy eykolo na genikeysei kaneis, bazontas sto idio kala8i, paragwges poy apexoyn (ki oxi mono gewgrafika) meta3y toys opws thn Gallikh kai thn Iapwnikh, thn Italikh kai thn Amerikanikh, thn Ellhnikh kai thn Ispanikh. Oyte xreiazetai na poyme oti kapoies einai kalyteres apo tis alles -ayto allwste einai ypokeimeniko kai e3artatai apo polloys paragontes- shmasia exei oti sthn Eyrwph 3eroyme na ektimhsoyme tis yperatlantikes paragwges, enw ekeinoi den mporoyn na kanoyn to idio me tis dikes mas, gia ton logo oti synh8isan na katanalwnoyn mono aytox8ona proionta kai agnooyn ayta poy toys erxontai ap' to e3wteriko.

Ap' thn allh meria oi Eyrwpaioi dhmioyrgoi den mporoyn oyte 8eloyn na exoyn ton aysthro epaggelmatismo twn Amerikanwn kai ypologizoyn perissotero sto proswpiko pa8os para stoys nomoys ths agoras.

Sthn Ellada mono to 10% twn komiks poy kykloforoyn einai egxwrias paragwghs! Ki ayto oxi giati den yparxoyn ikanoi kallitexnes h giati to koino diakatexetai kai s' ayton ton tomea apo 3efrenh 3enomania. Edw syntrexoyn treis alloi basikoi logoi poy prosdidoyn ayth thn idiaiterothta: ston topo mas eixame panta poly spoydaioys geloiografoys kai alloprosalloys politikoys, poy me th drash toys trofodotoysan anellipws thn geloiografia. Etsi h anagkh ektonwshs mesa ap´ thn eikona kai ton logo eixe kalyf8ei, wste na mh fainetai epitaktikh h anazhthsh mias paremferoys ekfrashs, opws einai ayth twn komiks. Den einai tyxaio, allwste, oti oi pio gnwstoi Ellhnes «komistes» (Iwannoy, Akokalidhs, Kalaitzhs, Sta8hs) einai geloiografoi. O deyteros logos einai oi apoceis twn ekdotwn mas (periodikwn, efhmeridwn alla kai bibliwn), poy fainetai oti brhkan oikonomika prosforoterh th lysh na dhmosieyoyn h na ekdidoyn 3ena komiks -poy h epityxia toys sto e3wteriko htan kapoia eggyhsh poiothtas- apo to na ependysoyn sthn Ellhnikh paragwgh. Edw, pantws, as shmeiw8ei oti to kostos paragwghs twn komiks, logw twn eidikwn typografikwn ergasiwn, einai poly ychlotero apo to antistoixo twn koinwn bibliwn. O tritos logos afora stoys kallitexnes. Oi Ellhnes komistes (ektos elaxistwn) den kataferan na peisoyn me to apotelesma ths doyleias toys, afoy ephreasmenoi apo ta 3ena komiks, mimh8hkan ta 8emata, toys xarakthres twn hrwwn, th sxediastikh grammh twn 3enwn synadelfwn toys, petyxainontas etsi na meinoyn makria apo ta endiaferonta kai tis apaithseis toy anagnwstikoy koinoy. Oi elaxistoi poy kataferan na anapty3oyn «proswpiko yfos», na epile3oyn katallhla 8emata, wste na piasoyn ton «sfygmo» toy koinoy, edwsan erga poy oxi mono petyxan sthn Ellada, alla sta8hkan kai sthn 3enh agora (Arkas, Akokalidhs).

Apo thn ellhnikh paragwgh, h 8essalonikh diekdikei isws to megalytero meridio, afoy oi seires twn «Agrotikwn Synetairistikwn Ekdosewn» paliotera («Kwmwdies Aristofanh», «Froytopia», «Oi my8oi toy Aiswpoy», «Sygxrona Ellhnika Komiks», ka.) kai teleytaia oi paragwges twn ekdosewn «Kwlios» («Xameno Fasma», «Paizw me ta komiks», Kokteil almpoym) dhmioyrgh8hkan apo 8essalonikeis kyriws kallitexnes kai kykloforhsan sthn Ellada kai kapoies sto e3wteriko -opoy apespasan kai diakriseis- me kentro thn polh mas.

H 8essalonikh apedei3e allwste thn ektimhsh ths sthn eikona, to skitso, th geloiografia, ta komiks, opws kai stoys dhmioyrgoys toys, diorganwnontas polles sxetikes politistikes ekdhlwseis me megalh aphxhsh (Panellhnies ek8eseis komiks ka8e tria xronia, atomikes kai omadikes ek8eseis geloiografwn, drwmena me to programma «Kaleidoskopio» ths Eyrwpaikhs Enwshs k.lp.).

Ta prwta 100 xronia htan pragmati dyskola gia ta komiks, eprepe na apodei3oyn thn aytoteleia toys, na peisoyn gia thn a3ia toys, na ka8ierw8oyn kai na katakthsoyn to koino.

Ta komiks eiserxontai ston deytero aiwna ths zwh toys me filodo3ies: anazhtoyn kainoyrgies formes, eyryterh poikilia 8ematwn, synarpastikoterh my8oplasia. Epidiwkoyn akomh thn dieyrynsh toy koinoy toys, dieisdyontas se pneymatikoteroys xwroys, xwris omws na 3exnoyn ton prwtarxiko toys skopo poy einai h cyxagwgia toy anagnwsth.

Epistrofh sthn prohgoymenh selida..

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