Enenhnta Epta - To Periodiko ths Politistikhs Prwteyoysas
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Pws fwtografizontai oi 8essalonikeis
ston mesopolemo
Oi 8essalonikeis anazhthsan apo poly nwris th fwtografikh apa8anatish. Hdh sta telh toy 19oy aiwna o Albert Baubin, poy eixe ergasthrio sthn odo Benizeloy, kai malista sto skepasto tmhma ths, diafhmize ta portreta toy, opws ekane kai o Paul Zepdji. Ayta ta iera terata ths -oysiastika agnwsths- fwtografias ths 8essalonikhs epikolloysan, kata tis synh8eies ths epoxhs, tis fwtografies se eidiko xartoni se xrwma skoyro gkri h prasino, sto opoio eixan prohgoymenws typwsei th firma toys sthn toyrkikh kai gallikh glwssa. Oi ektypwseis aytes exoyn a3ia ws typografika protypa gia th 8essalonikh ths epoxhs, dioti perieixan polla diakosmhtika stoixeia. Sta 1910 anaferontai kai oi fwtografoi I. Kamliel, D. Kwnstantinidhs, N. Papadakhs, D. Tziarios, L. Tzitzian kai A. Filopoylos. Ligo argotera, to 1915, katagrafontai oi Nikolaos Matsikas, Kwnstantinos Mat8aioy, Gewrgios Mertikas. Thn idia xronia yphrxan tesseris fwtografoi me to epi8eto Liontas (gia thn akribeia Leontas): O Dhmhtrios 65 etwn, o Gewrgios 65 etwn, o Gewrgios 30 etwn kai Kwnstantinos 30 etwn, dhladh dyo diaforetikes genies.
Sta telh ths dekaetias toy '20 yphrxan eikosi ws eikosi pente fwtografeia sth 8essalonikh, ari8mos poy paramenei sta8eros mexri ton deytero pagkosmio polemo. Me krithrio to fwtografiko yliko poy diaswzetai kai kykloforei, apo toys fwtografoys aytoys 3exwrizan o Lykidhs, o Nikolaidhs, oi Foibos kai Giannoylhs (Fwto Hlektrikon), oloi egkatesthmenoi gyrw apo thn odo Tsimiskh, alla kai oi Dario Menaxem (sthn odo Spandwnh) kai Salbator Koynio (arxika sthn Tsimiskh kai argotera sth Benizeloy), oi opoioi prepei na ekanan tis perissoteres emfaniseis erasitexnikwn lhcewn, mia kai briskoyme tis sfragides toys sthn pleiochfia twn idiwtikwn fwtografiwn poy exoyme entopisei.
Oi perissoteres idiwtikes fwtografies toy mesopolemoy einai anamnhstikes kai synh8ws polyproswpes. H fwtografia taytizetai me thn katastash ey8ymias poy prokalei h synanastrofh, tis perissoteres fores se ypai8rio xwro. Oi eikones aytes mas ma8ainoyn polla gia tis endymatologikes kai tis ais8htikes proseggiseis twn 8essalonikewn: royxa, xtenisma, yfos, h emfanish en genei, poy xarakthrizei mian epoxh e3isoy kala me tis ka8eaytoy istorikes eidhseis.
Mia fwtografia toy 1924 twn ma8htriwn ths STī ta3hs enos sxoleioy 8hlewn deixnei poso mia anwnymh ka8hmerinh eikona mporei na xarakthrisei mia epoxh, otan ayth h eikona perilambanei proswpa. Sth lezanta shmeiwnetai: "Se mia ekdromh stoys Xortatzhdes, ta3is STī 1924". Kapoy pros tis shmerines 40 Ekklhsies, tote topo ekdromwn. Apo ta deka koritsia ths fwtografias, ta oktw kanoyn kapoia kinhsh me ta daktyla, se ena eidos synais8hmatikhs synennohshs me ton fwtografo, enw taytoxrona oles koitazoyn pros ton fako. Ypociazetai kaneis oti h fwtografia einai tmhma mias istorias. Den gnwrizei ti prohgh8hke oyte kai ti 8a akoloy8hsei, alla ais8anetai symmetoxos. O royxismos fainetai akribos, opws kai ta ypodhmata. Oles sxedon oi eikonizomenes foroyn kapelo kai mporei kaneis na diakrinei megalh poikilia apo ayta. H agnwsth gynaika sto kentro ths eikonas den exei isws epilegei tyxaia gia ton pyrhna ayths ths kyklikhs diata3hs (poy wstoso sxhmatizei metwpo). Me ka8aro proswpo, entono blemma ka8hlwmeno ston fako, to ainigmatiko xamogelo ths 8a kerdize thn prosoxh ka8e fwtografoy. Dystyxws, h fwtografia einai anwnymh.
H fwtografia "Giagia kai eggones" ektypw8hke apo ton Koynio ligo meta to 1920. Eikonizei mia hlikiwmenh gynaika kai dyo neares kopeles, oles komca ntymenes. O anwnymos fwtografos dieta3e ta proswpa twn gynaikwn se tria diaforetika epipeda. H kopela sta aristera, me entona xarakthristika poy den krybontai apo ton zakar mallino skoyfo ths, koitazei apey8eias ston fako. H giagia sto meson koitazei ypo gwnia, kai to blemma ths kalyptetai apo ta skoyra gyalia ths. To koritsi sta aristera exei akribws thn anti8eth klish kefalhs apo th giagia. Etsi, to fws (poy peftei apo ta aristera), antanakla se treis epifaneies me diaforetikh klish. E3alloy, ta tria proswpa einai diatetagmena me bash to mege8os toy kapeloy toys. Sth mikroterh kopela sta de3ia to kapelo krybei ena tmhma apo thn epifaneia toy proswpoy ths kai skiazei ena allo tmhma, enw to idio to proswpo exei mia mikrh klish pros ta katw. Olh ayth h skhno8esia prodidei fwtografo me gnwseis poy 3epernoyn ta oria toy erasitexnismoy.
H polyproswph fwtografia, anamnhstikh mias ekdromhs trapezikwn ypallhlwn apo th 8essalonikh sthn Edessa, xronologhmenh to 1928, einai sigoyra erasitexnikh. Dia8etei omws shmasia gia thn endymatologikh kai thn kommwtikh poikilia twn eikonizomenwn. Plhn ths endymatologikhs poikilias, o fwtografos kategrace kai to dyspisto blemma ths gynaikas epanw aristera pros ena apo ta proswpa ths fwtografias.
O idios fwtografos, pi8anon o logotexnhs M. Kokkinos, eixe megalyteres filodo3ies otan apotypwne, sthn idia ekdromh, tria proswpa mprosta ston katarrakth. Diale3e fwtismo xamhlo, apo ta de3ia, kai topo8ethse ta proswpa oxi sto kentro alla sto aristero meros toy kare, paragontas eikona me entonh fwtoskiash.
A3ioprosekth einai h fwtografia "Aygoystiatiko apogeyma toy 1928 sthn Peraia", topos kai xronos poy omologoyntai apo shmeiwsh sto pisw meros ths fwtografias. Kyriarxei h diagwnios poy sxhmatizei to istio toy skafoys, me bash to opoio topo8etoyntai ta eikonizomena proswpa. To fws peftei apo ta aristera sthn kopela panw sto skafos, enw symplhrwmatika fwtografizetai h plath toy paidioy me to kapelo. Sto ba8os de3ia diakrinetai to kafeneio "8ermaikon".
Se mia allh fwtografia, sthn apoba8ra ths Peraias, o erasitexnhs fwtografos kategrace kommwseis poy synanta kaneis kai sta 1996. A3izei na shmeiw8ei oti, an kai telh Ioynioy, o kyrios me ta stroggyla gyalia kai xtenisma "kapelaki" fora sakaki kai grabata, enw h despoinis sta de3ia toy meta3wtes kaltses.
Stis 18 Aprilioy 1937 h Lesxh Ergazomenwn Koritsiwn ekdramei sth Sindo. Mia fwtografia me apokleistika gynaikeia paroysia se e3oxiko topo prodidei enan akomh anwnymo fwtografo, isws gynaika. To klasiko 8ema toy einai ena koritsi poy, amhxano, krata froyta.
Ta ais8htika protypa twn mesopolemikwn fwtografwn ths 8essalonikhs elaxista diaferoyn apo ta antistoixa eyrwpaika twn meswn toy 19oy aiwna kai syxna apoteloyn kakh mimhsh twn teleytaiwn. Koritsia akoympismena se an8osthles, kyries dipla se epipla h or8ies amhxanes morfes se koinotypes staseis, epikratoyn stis fwtografies atelie poy diaswzontai. Yparxoyn malista endei3eis oti oi basikoteroi kai pio gnwstoi fwtografoi ths odoy Tsimiskh meionektoysan ws pros ta ais8htika krithria kai thn texnikh apo toys palaioteroys synadelfoys toys, opws o Zeptsi kai Mpompen poy eixan hdh apoxwrhsei to 1915. H idia parathrhsh isxyei an h sygkrish ginei me toys agioreites fwtografoys ths idias epoxhs, oi opoioi diakrinontai gia to ychlo epipedo toys. Den einai isws tyxaio oti o e3oristos Alh Samh mpehs, allote ypaspisths kai fwtografos toy soyltanoy, an diathroyse fwtografeio sth 8essalonikh, feygei gia na ergastei ws fwtografos sto Agio Oros. Monon oi neoteroi Leontaioi entassontai se kapoia paradosh (en prokeimenw thn oikogeneiakh) poy fainetai pws xa8hke gia toys ypoloipoys.
Wstoso, oi fwtografies atelie, alla kai
oles oi peristasiakes e3wterikes fwtografiseis, akomh kai apo
erasitexnes, mas apokalyptoyn -pera apo ta protypa twn fwtografwn-
ta ais8htika metra twn idiwn twn eikonizomenwn. Eimaste arketa
tyxeroi wste na dia8etoyme ena portreto ths Mis 8essalonikh toy
1931 apo ton fako ths idias ths Nelly's. To fws peftei apo chla,
megalwnontas to metwpo kai tonizontas thn arxaiopreph kommwsh.
To proswpo gernei sta aristera, pros th stash twn triwn tetartwn,
proballontas thn ellhnikh myth, krybontas thn anw leptoxeilia
kai ypoba8mizontas to dynato phgoyni. O laimos skiazetai apo thn
katey8ynsh toy fwtos, meta8etontas thn emfash stoys wmoys toy
koritsioy kai malista ston aristero, afoy o de3ios misoxanetai
sto ba8os ths prooptikhs. Ena ntekolte "xamogelo" apotelei
th bash ths eikonas. H Nelly's den ekane kamia prospa8eia na krycei
ta entona frydia poy dia8etoyn kai oles oi alles eikonizomenes
sta portreta twn 8essalonikewn fwtografwn. Perissotero eydiakrita
einai ta xtenismata twn koritsiwn poy plhmmyrizoyn tis fwtografies.
H omoiomorfia twn xtenismatwn, ths emfanishs en genei, se omadikes
gynaikeies fwtografies, akomh kai s' aytes twn sxolikwn parelasewn,
apokalyptei 3exasmena protypa poy eixan, dixws amfibolia, perash
sthn epoxh toys.
E. A. Xekimogloy
Epistrofh sthn prohgoymenh selida..
