Enenhnta Epta - To Periodiko ths Politistikhs Prwteyoysas Teyxos 6o

Stageira

Sth geneteira toy Aristotelh

Kwstas Sismanidhs

Dr. Arxaiologias

D/nths Anaskafhs Arxaiwn Stageirwn

H 8esh ths shmantikhs ayths polhs, poy einai s' oloys gnwsth ws h geneteira toy Aristotelh, taytizetai toso apo tis anafores twn arxaiwn syggrafewn oso kai apo tis epifaneiakes ereynes sygxronwn melethtwn. Entopizetai amesws sta boreioanatolika toy shmerinoy xwrioy ths Olympiadas Xalkidikhs, panw se mia oreinh kai panemorfh xersonhso poy onomazetai «Liotopi». H polh htan xtismenh panw stoys dyo xamhloys lofoys ayths ths xersonhsoy, ton Boreio, poy eisxwrei ba8ytera sth 8alassa, kai ton Notio.

Ta Stageira idry8hkan apo Iwnes apoikoys ths nhsoy Androy, sta mesa toy 7oy ai. p.X. Meta toys Persikoys Polemoys eginan melos ths A´ A8hnaikhs Symmaxias, kata ton Peloponnhsiako, omws, Polemo apostathsan kai prosxwrhsan stoys Spartiates (424 p.X). Argotera h polh prosxwrhse sto «Koino twn Xalkidewn», poy eixe prwteyoysa sthn Olyn8o, enw to 349 p.X. ypekyce ston Filippo B´, o opoios kai thn katastrece olosxerws, gia na thn epanidrysei, omws, o idios liga xronia argotera, pros timhn toy Aristotelh, daskaloy tote toy Ale3androy. Sxetika me ton Aristotelh, mia metagenesterh paradosh anaferei pws, ligo meta toN 8anato toy filosofoy sth Xalkida to 322 p.X., oi Stageirites meteferan ki e8acan to swma toy sthn polh toys, idryontas dipla ston tafo toy megalo bwmo kai ka8ierwnontas megalh ethsia giorth, ta «Aristoteleia». O gewgrafos Strabwn, poy ezhse sta xronia toy Xristoy, shmeiwnei oti sthn epoxh toy h polh htan hdh erhmh. Xilia peripoy xronia argotera -gyrw ston 11o m.X. aiwna-, egkatasta8hke ena byzantino kastro ston boreio lofo ths arxaias polhs, sto opoio anhkoyn mia megalh ydatode3amenh kai to entypwsiaka swzomeno teixos, sthn arxh aytoy toy lofoy.

Oi anaskafikes ereynes sta Arxaia Stageira 3ekinhsan dokimastika molis ton Septembrio toy 1990. Meta ta prwta, idiaitera en8arryntika apotelesmata toys, apofasisthke h dienergeia systhmatikhs anaskafhs, h opoia synexizetai kanonika mexri kai shmera. Molonoti h anaskafh ayth brisketai akomh sthn arxh ths, ta apotelesmata ths krinontai poly shmantika :

Apo ta spoydaiotera einai o entopismos kai h apokalych toy notioy teixoys ths polhs, mesa sthn orgiastikh blasthsh toy notioy lofoy. H a3ia toy entopismoy toy egkeitai kyriws sto gegonos oti gnwrizoyme pleon ta akribh oria kai thn ektash poy eixan ta arxaia Stageira, afoy einai bebaio oti s' oles tis alles ths pleyres h polh brexontan apo th 8alassa.

To teixos ayto, poy apotelei ena 8aymasto ergo ths oxyrwmatikhs arxitektonikhs, apokalyfthke mexri twra se mhkos 500m. peripoy. Diathrh8hke se e3airetikh katastash -se orismena shmeia toy swzetai mexri ycoys 5 metrwn- kai einai kataskeyasmeno me diafora systhmata domhshs. Sto idio teixos kai se kanonika meta3y toys diasthmata, ycwnontai isxyroi kyklikoi kai tetragwnoi pyrgoi, enw, se diafora shmeia ths eswterikhs toy ochs, yparxoyn megales sympageis «klimakes anodoy», poy odhgoysan me skalopatia stoys promaxwnes.

Ektos apo thn oxyrwsh, mesa sthn polh hr8an akomh sto fws :

• H akropolh, poy, se sxhma peripoy or8ogwnioy trigwnoy, katalambanei thn koryfh toy notioy lofoy.
• H Agora twn Stageirwn, poy brisketai ston ayxena meta3y twn dyo lofwn. Edw apokalyf8hkan mexri twra li8ostrwtoi dromoi, katasthmata, apo8hkes kai mia kalodiathrhmenh stoa twn klasikwn xronwn, diastasewn 7 X 27 m.
• Sto akrotato shmeio toy boreioy lofoy, dipla, dhladh, sto teixos poy extise o Filippos B´, ena arxaiko iero kai ena kykliko 8esmoforio, afierwmeno sth 8ea Dhmhtra.
• Arketa spitia twn arxaikwn kai klasikwn xronwn, se diafora shmeia ths polhs.
• O kentrikos ydrodotikos agwgos ths polhs, ka8ws kai dyo de3amenes neroy.
• Dyo lhnoi (paththria stafyliwn), o ena e3 oloklhroy la3eymenos ston braxo.

To fetino htan to ebdomo, kata seiran, etos ths anaskafhs twn Stageirwn. Ektos apo to ka8ayto anaskafiko ergo, eginan fetos kai arketes alles ergasies, opws dianoi3eis dromwn kai perifra3eis, diamorfwseis, h ydrodothsh toy arxaiologikoy xwroy, ka8ws kai anasthlwtikes ergasies megalhs klimakas, sto notio klasiko teixos.

Apo tis alles, parallhles me thn anaskafh drasthriothtes mas, shmeiwnoyme thn prospa8eia anabiwshs ths megalhs arxaias giorths twn «Aristoteleiwn», thn analogh gia thn dhmioyrgia toy «Die8noys Kentroy Aristotelikwn Ereynwn kai Meleths twn Arxaiwn Stageirwn», ka8ws kai ton entopismo, ston periballonta xwro ths arxaias polhs, pollwn kai idiaitera shmantikwn arxaiothtwn.

Oso afora eidika sto anaskafiko ergo, dienergh8hkan fetos ereynes se diafora shmeia oloklhrhs ths arxaias polhs, me apotelesma:

• Ston boreio lofo kai se synexeia palaioterwn anaskafikwn tomwn, hr8e sto fws akomh ena tmhma ths ysteroklasikhs oxyrwshs twn Stageirwn -ayths dhladh poy, kata tis phges, extise o Filippos B', kata paraklhsh toy Aristotelh-, h opoia apokalyfthke, mexri twra, se synoliko mhkos 150m.
• Ligo notiotera anaskafthkan megala tmhmata li8oktistwn oikiwn, poy swzontai mexri ycoys 3m. Anhkoyn se dyo oikodomika tetragwna, poy ta xwrizei enas stenos anhforikos dromos kai mas dinoyn shmantikes plhrofories gia thn oikistikh organwsh twn Stageirwn, kata ton 6o, 5o kai 4o ai. p.X.
• Sta boreia ths Agoras ths polhs, apokalyfthkan polla kai shmantika arxitektonika leicana, meta3y twn opoiwn tmhma toy arxaioteroy teixoys twn Stageirwn me mia pylh, sto yper8yro ths opoias eikonizontai anaglyfa kai se fysiko mege8os ena liontari ki enas agrioxoiros antimetwpa, ena kalodiathrhmeno marmaro8ethmeno dapedo me or8ogwnia kogxh sto meso, h ypodomh enos megaloy bwmoy kai ena megalo ki epimelhmeno hmikykliko oikodomhma twn xronwn toy Ale3androy.
• Telos, sthn koryfh toy boreioy lofoy, opoy yparxei kastro ths ysterobyzantinhs periodoy, arxise n' anaskaptetai enas megalos naos toy 6oy ai. p.X., afierwmenos pi8anotata ston Dia. Apo tis mexri twra anaskafikes endei3eis, synagetai oti o naos htan dwrikoy ry8moy, me shmantika marmarina arxitektonika glypta kai me plastikh diakosmhsh e3airetikhs texnhs, opws prokyptei apo arketa, alla monadika deigmata ths, poy bre8hkan mexri twra.-

Epistrofh sthn prohgoymenh selida..

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