Epikoinwnhste me thn Israhlitikh Koinothta 8essalonikhs: jct1@compulink.gr
O xronos ths arxikhs egkatastashs
twn Ebraiwn sth 8essalonikh paramenei ws twra alyto istoriko problhma.
Kapoioi ereynhtes pisteyoyn oti apo thn epoxh ths idryshs ths
(315 p.X.) h 8essalonikh eixe kai Ebraioys katoikoys. Kapoioi
alloi 8ewroyn oti oi Ebraioi egkatasta8hkan arxika sth 8essalonikh
to 140 p.X. proerxomenoi apo thn Ale3andreia. Ebraioi sth Makedonia
anaferontai ston Flabio Iwshpo kai se diasw8en gramma toy 10 m.X.
apo ton Hrwdh pros ton Kalligoyla.
Mia allh shmantikh grapth martyria
Yparxoyn arketes martyries gia
thn ypar3h Ebraikhs Koinothtas sth 8essalonikh sta Rwmaika kai
sta Byzantina xronia.
Oi Ebraioi aytoi, oi legomenoi
Rwmaniwtes, eixan e3ellhnisei ta onomata toys kai miloysan thn
Ellhnikh glwssa. Apo ta mesa toy 14oy aiwna, h 8essalonikh 8a
dex8ei kai alloys Ebraioys proerxomenoys apo thn Kentrikh Eyrwph,
thn Sikelia kai thn Italia. To ka8oristiko omws gegonos gia thn
e3eli3h ths Israhlitikhs Koinothtas einai h egkatastash sthn polh
15-20.000 Ispanoebraiwn, twn legomenwn Sefaradim, poy erxontai
apo to 1492, diwgmenoi apo thn Ispania me diatagma twn ka8olikwn
basiliadwn Ferdinandoy kai Isabellas. S' aytoys 8a proste8oyn
kai alloi e3oristoi Ebraioi apo th Sikelia, thn Portogalia kai
th Boreia Afrikh. Oloi aytoi 8a egkatasta8oyn sthn sxedon erhmh,
meta thn alwsh ths (1430) apo toys Toyrkoys 8essalonikh, 8a katalaboyn
tis synoikies apo thn Egnatia mexri thn paralia kai apo to Bardari
mexri th Diagwnio, 8a epikrathsoyn dhmografika kai 8a metabaloyn
thn polh se emporiko kentro prwths grammhs. Oi Sefaradim 8a diakri8oyn
sthn yfantoyrgia, 8a doylecoyn sta oryxeia toy Gallikoy kai ths
Sidhrokacas, 8a idrysoyn to prwto typografeio sth 8essalonikh
gyrw sta 1520, kai 8a anadei3oyn megales proswpikothtes toy pneymatos,
rabbinoys, iatroys, filosofoys, poihtes, nomodidaskaloys. Etsi
h fhmh ths Ebraikhs Koinothtas 8essalonikhs 8a aplw8ei s' oloklhrh
thn Eyrwph. Kai akribws ayth thn epoxh h 8essalonikh 8a timh8ei
me ton titlo ths "Mhteras en Israhl".
H periodos ths megalhs akmhs
8a anakopei stis arxes toy 17oy aiwna. To emporio 8a klonistei
me thn anakalych newn 8alassiwn dromwn kai h idia h 8essalonikh
8a dokimastei apo diadoxikes pyrkagies kai epidhmies. To ka8oristiko
omws gegonos einai h emfanish toy ceytomesia Sampetai Sebh (1655).
Tote o Sampetai Sebh 8a prosxwrhsei ston Mwame8anismo gia na swsei
th zwh toy. 8a ton akoloy8hsoyn peripoy 300 Ebraikes oikogeneies.
H omadikh apostasia 8a klonisei
kyriolektika thn Koinothta poy 8a synel8ei mono pros ta mesa toy
19oy aiwna. 8a prohgh8oyn kapoia metra eksygxronismoy ths O8wmanikhs
dioikhtikhs mhxanhs alla kai ths idias ths polhs ths 8essalonikhs.
poy epekteinetai kai apokta hlektrofwtismo, tram, sygxrono limani,
sidhrodromikh syndesh me thn Eyrwph klp. Apo to 1873 oi Ebraioi
dexontai proxwrhmenh Eyrwpaikh paideia xarh stis sxoles ths ALLIANCE
ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLE. Thn idia periodo kykloforei sth 8essalonikh
h prwth efhmerida, h Ebraikh "EL LUNAR" (1864) kai egkainiazetai
h biomhxanikh anapty3h me ton megalo atmomylo twn Italoebraiwn
Allatini (1854).
Oi Ebraioi kratoyn to megalytero
meros toy emporioy , e3askoyn ola ta epaggelmata kai apoteloyn
thn pleiochfia toy ergatikoy plh8ysmoy. Gi' ayto h polh erhmwnei
ta Sabbata kai tis megales Ebraikes giortes. To 1891 h Ebraikh
Koinothta idryei toys laikoys synoikismoys toy Barwnoy Xirs kai
ths Kalamarias kai proikizetai me mia alysida lamprwn filan8rwpikwn
idrymatwn, egka8istwntas ena systhma allhloboh8eias poy omoio
toy den 8a synanthsoyme se kamia allh Koinothta ths diasporas.
(Orfanotrofeia Karoloy Allatini kai Mair Ampoab, Nosokomeio Xirs,
Asylo Frenoblabwn, Ghrokomeio Saoyl Modiano, k.a.) H Koinothta
dia8etei epishs panw apo 30 megales synagwges, dekades eykthrioys
oikoys, sxoleia kai th megalh paradosiakh sxolh "Talmoyd
Tora Agkadol". Dia8etei telos plhrh organwsh peri8alchs
kai enisxyshs, twn ana3iopa8oyntwn melwn ths kai paroxhs pashs
fysews yphresiwn (8rhskeytikwn, ygeionomikwn k.a.). Meta th Neotoyrkikh
epanastash (1908) idryetai h sosialistikh organwsh Fenterasion
kai emfanizontai kai oi prwtoi siwnistikoi syllogoi (Mpene Siwn,
Kadima, Makamph, Misraxh, k.a.).
Apo tis 26/10/1912 h 8essalonikh
einai kai pali Ellhnikh. Oi hgetes ths Koinothtas ginontai amesws
dektoi apo ton basilia Gewrgio kai ton prw8ypoyrgo Eley8erio Benizelo
poy yposxontai sebasmo twn pronomiwn ths Koinothtas kai plhrh
isonomia.
Symfwna me apografh twn Ellhnikwn
arxwn, oi Ebraioi ths 8essalonikhs ari8moysan tote 61.439 cyxes,
enanti 45.867 Moysoylmanwn, 39.936 Ellhnwn kai 10.600 atomwn poy
anhkan se alles e8nothtes.
Liga xronia argotera h Ebraikh
Koinothta 8a dex8ei ena syntriptiko xtyphma, me thn pyrkagia
toy 1917, ka8ws 53.000 melh ths menoyn astega. Katastrefontai
epishs oles sxedon oi synagwges, ta sxoleia kai oi kthriakes egkatastaseis
twn filan8rwpikwn idrymatwn.
Etsi polloi Ebraioi 8a metanasteysoyn
sto e3wteriko sth diarkeia toy mesopolemoy, idiaitera ystera apo
to 8libero gegonos toy emprhsmoy toy synoikismoy Kampel apo e3tremistika
stoixeia (1931). Oi perissoteroi 8a egkatasta8oyn sth gh toy Israhl.
Par' ola ayta h Koinothta 8a ari8mei, to 1940, panw apo 50.000
cyxes. Oi Ebraioi ths 8essalonikhs zoyn armonika me toys Xristianoys
sympolites toys kai ekteloyn sto akeraio to ka8hkon toys apenanti
sthn Ellhnikh patrida, ston polemo toy 40-41, ka8ws 12.989 ap'
aytoys 8a stelexwsoyn tis enoples dynameis (343 a3iwmatikoi).
Oi apwleies toys anerxontai se 513 nekroys kai 3.743 traymaties.
H ypodoylwsh ths 8essalonikhs
Apo to Febroyario toy 1943 oi
Ebraioi ypoxrewnontai na foroyn to kitrino astro kai na katoikoyn
se orismenes mono synoikies (gketo). Stis 15 Martioy 1943 anaxwrei
o prwtos syrmos me proorismo ta stratopeda toy 8anatoy Aoysbits-Mpierkenaoy.
8a akoloy8hsoyn, mexri ton Aygoysto toy 1943, alles dekaoxtw apostoles,
poy 8a metaferoyn oloys sxedon toys Ebraioys ston topo ths e3ontwshs,
stoibagmenoys se bagonia poy proorizontan gia zwa. Enas mono ashmantos
ari8mos 8a mporesei, me th boh8eia Xristianwn filwn, na diafygei
h na entax8ei sthn antistash. Aytoi 8a epistrecoyn sth 8essalonikh,
me thn apeley8erwsh ths, ton Oktwbrio toy 1944 kai mazi me toys
elaxistoys epizwntes twn stratopedwn toy 8anatoy, 8a prospa8hsoyn
na oikodomhsoyn mia kainoyria zwh mesa apo ta ereipia.
Shmera, para ton afanismo toy
96% twn melwn ths, h Israhlitikh Koinothta ths 8essalonikhs einai
3ana mia zwntanh pragmatikothta.
Oi proaiwnioi calmoi anthxoyn
stis treis synagwges ths, ta kainoyria blastaria ths foitoyn sena
artio Dhmotiko Sxoleio. Enas ypersygxronos oikos eyghrias filo3enei
toys apomaxoys ths zwhs ki ena koinotiko kentro sygkentrwnei th
neolaia. Etsi, para thn tragikh dokimasia toy, o Ebraismos ths
8essalonikhs katafere na 3anagennh8ei apo thn tefra toy, prosferontas
ena apto paradeigma zwtikothtas kai pneymatikhs dynamhs.
Opws einai gnwsto apo toys 50.000
Ebraioys ths propolemikhs 8essalonikhs sw8hkan ligotero apo 2.000.
Arxika, me thn apeley8erwsh ths
polhs apo toys Nazi, (Oktwbrios 1944), emfanisthkan oi ligoi Ebraioi
poy entax8hkan sthn antistash h kryfthkan, mesa sthn Ellada. Aytoi
sygkentrw8hkan sth synagwgh Monasthriwtwn, th monh poy diasw8hke
kai e3ele3an mia dioikoysa epitroph poy katafere na 3anaparei
ta akinhta ths Koinothtas kai na organwsei mia ypotypwdh estw
koinotikh zwh, me th boh8eia organismwn opws h JOINT kai h HIAS.
Apo to Maio toy 1945 arxisan na kataf8anoyn stadiaka kai oi diasw8entes
twn stratopedwn toy 8anatoy.
To megalytero meros twn diasw8entwn
eixan meinei xwris oikogeneies kai mesa synthrhshs. Osoi kataferan
na 3anaparoyn ta spitia toys kai ta magazia toys ta brhkan kena,
lehlathmena apo toys Nazi kai toys synergates toys. Stegazontai
sta ktiria koinotikwn idrymatwn kai sitizontai se syssitia poy
organwnei h Koinothta. Polloi ap' aytoys, mesa sth dekaetia toy
1950, metanasteyoyn mazika, kyriws stis HPA kai sto Israhl. Par'
ola ayta h mikrh pleon Ebraikh Koinothta arxizei na organwnetai
kai me to perasma toy xronoy h zwh twn Ebraiwn ths 8essalonikhs
pairnei ton kanoniko ths dromo.
Shmera h koinothta diathrei treis
synagwges kai dia8etei ena rabbino. Gia tis anagkes ths Sexita
kai toy Moeloy8 kaleitai 8rhskeytikos leitoyrgos apo thn A8hna.
Ws pros thn paideia, h Koinothta
dia8etei ebraiodidaskaloys metakaloymenoys apo to Israhl h Ellhnoebraioys
poy ekpaideythkan ekei. Ta prwta metapolemika xronia h Koinothta
eixe symblh8ei me dyo idiwtika dhmotika sxoleia, wste ta paidia
na einai sygkentrwmena kai na mporoyn na didaskontai stoixeia
Ebraikhs glwssas kai 8rhskeias. Apo to 1979 h Koinothta dia8etei
diko ths idiwtiko dhmotiko sxoleio kai nhpiagwgeio kai ka8e kalokairi
organwnei paidikes kataskhnwseis. H Koinothta diathrei epishs
koinotiko kentro me ai8oyses gia th neolaia kai to monadiko sthn
Ellada asylo gerontwn.
To 1983 h Israhlitikh Koinothta
8essalonikhs anhgeire me dapanh ths ton "Oiko ths Ellados",
sto Panepisthmio ths Ieroysalhm. Gia to ergo ayto timh8hke apo
thn Akadhmia A8hnwn me xryso metallio. H Koinothta timh8hke epishs
apo ton Dhmo 8essalonikhs poy, apo to 1986, afierwse mia plateia
ths polhs sth mnhmh twn 8ymatwn toy Olokaytwmatos.
DIOIKHSH
H Israhlitikh Koinothta 8essalonikhs
einai Nomiko Proswpo Dhmosioy Dikaioy. Ypagetai sto Ypoyrgeio
Paideias kai 8rhskeymatwn. Leitoyrgei me bash to Nomo 2456/20
"peri Isralhtikwn Koinothtwn", to idrytiko ths Diatagma
kai to katastatiko ths, poy epishs egkri8hke me Diatagma. Telei
ypo ton elegxo toy kratoys sto opoio ypoballei pros egkrish ton
proypologismo kai ton apologismo ths.
Anwtato organo ths einai h eikosamelhs
Koinotikh Syneleysh poy eklegetai me ka8olikh chfoforia ka8e tessera
xronia. H Syneleysh eklegei, me mystikh chfoforia, to pentameles
dioikhtiko symboylio poy askei thn ektelestikh e3oysia. To dioikhtiko
symboylio diorizei diafores epitropes stis opoies ana8etei epi
meroys tomeis (nekrotafeio, synagwges, sxoleio, sxolikh arwgh,
peri8alch, iatrikh peri8alch, diaxeirish, a3iopoihsh akinhtwn,
kataskhnwseis, dhmosies sxeseis). Oi koinotikes yphresies kalyptoyn
oles tis drasthriothtes kai ylopoioyn tis apofaseis toy dioikhtikoy
symboylioy kai twn epitropwn.
EKPAIDEYSH
To Ebraiko Dhmotiko Sxoleio.
Apo to 1979 h Israhlitikh Koinothta 8essalonikhs diathrei e3ata3io
dhmotiko sxoleio kai nhpiagwgeio, sto opoio shmera foitoyn peripoy
80 paidia. To sxoleio stegazetai sto paradosiako ktirio ths filan8rwpikhs
organwshs "Matano8 Laebionim", sto opoio, mexri to olokaytwma,
sitizontan dwrean oi aporoi ma8htes twn koinotikwn sxoleiwn.
Sxolikh arwgh. H arwgh
ths Koinothtas sthn ekpaideysh epekteinetai kai stoys ma8htes
gymnasiwn-lykeiwn kai stoys spoydastes anwterwn-anwtatwn sxolwn.
Oi aporoi enisxyontai me epixorhghseis kai daneia, enw stoys aristoys
foithtes aponemontai ypotrofies.
Kataskhnwseis. Apo ta
prwta metapolemika xronia h Koinothta egkainiase to 8esmo twn
8erinwn paidikwn kataskhnwsewn, twn monadikwn sthn Ellada, poy
leitoyrghsan arxika stis aktes ths Peraias 8essalonikhs, metafer8hkan
sth synexeia sth Xalkidikh kai ta teleytaia xronia sthn Plaka
Litoxwroy, stoys propodes toy Olympoy.
KENTRO NEOLAIAS
Sta plaisia twn drasthriothtwn
ths IK8, leitoyrgei ena kentro neolaias poy organwnei diafores
cyxagwgikes kai politistikes ekdhlwseis (xoroesperides, ekdromes,
synedria-seminaria, ekdhlwseis logoy kai texnhs).
SYLLOGOI - KOINWNIKH ZWH
Sth 8essalonikh leitoyrgoyn
a) H ebraikh morfwtikh lesxh
"H Adelfoths". Sto enteykthrio ths organwnontai
diafores ekdhlwseis.
b) Oi organwseis twn kyriwn
poy askoyn eyrytath koinwnikh kai politistikh drasthriothta.
g) O a8lhtikos syllogos "Makamph"
me tmhmata kala8osfairas kai epitrapezias antisfairishs.
d) O syndesmos "Ellas-Israhl"
poy me diafores ekdhlwseis symballei sthn proseggish anamesa stoys
dyo laoys.
FILAN8RWPIKH DRASTHRIOTHTA
Peri8alch
H Koinothta epixorhgei me xrhmatika
boh8hmata ta apora melh ths kai exei egkainiasei prosfata mia
seira metrwn gia thn enisxysh twn newn zeygariwn, me skopo thn
antimetwpish toy dhmografikoy problhmatos. Leitoyrgei epishs ena
tameio daneiwn pros toys epaggelmaties kai biotexnes. Diathrei
iatreio kai parexei plhrh iatrofarmakeytikh peri8alch sta apora
melh ths.
Ghrokomeio "Saoyl Modiano"
To Ghrokomeio "Saoyl Modiano"
idry8hke xarh se dwrea toy Saoyl Modiano, 8essalonikioy sthn katagwgh,
poy pe8ane to 1924 sthn Tergesth.
Egkainias8hke to 1932 kai stegasthke
se idiokthto oikhma, sthn perioxh E3oxwn. Skopos toy htan h stegash,
diatrofh kai peri8alch twn yperhlikwn Israhlitwn kai twn dyo fylwn.
To Ghrokomeio "Saoyl Modiano"
leitoyrghse adiakopa mexri thn periodo ths katoxhs. To 1943, oi
trofimoi toy symmerizomenoi tis tyxes kai toy ypoloipoy Ebraikoy
plh8ysmoy ths 8essalonikhs, ektopisthkan kai e3ontw8hkan stoys
8alamoys aeriwn toy Aoysbits. Etsi to ghrokomeio anesteile th
leitoyrgia toy mexri to 1974. Tote akribws h dioikhsh ths Israhlitikhs
Koinothtas 8essalonikhs, ypo thn proedria toy aeimnhstoy Dayid
(Ntik) Mpenbeniste, synelabe thn idea ths anabiwshs toy idrymatos
giati oxi monaxa sth 8essalonikh, alla kai se oloklhrh thn Ellada,
h dhmioyrgia enos asyloy gerontwn eixe katastei aparaithth.
Epeidh oi kthriakes egkatastaseis
toy Ghrokomeioy eixan katedafistei, h Koinothta anelabe to ergo
ths anegershs neoy kthrioy poy 8a plhroyse tis pleon sygxrones
prodiagrafes. Oi ergasies anegershs kai e3oplismoy oloklhrw8hkan
to 1981 kai apo tote to idryma arxise na leitoyrgei 3ana.
Sto Ghrokomeio ginontai dektoi
andres kai gynaikes, melh twn Israhlitikwn Koinothtwn ths Ellados,
poy exoyn yperbei to 65o etos. Stegazetai s' ena e3aorofo ktirio.
O ka8e orofos perilambanei epta monoklina kai dyo diklina dwmatia
kai ena saloni. Sto isogeio leitoyrgei synagwgh, trapezaria kai
enas megalos xwros ypodoxhs. To idryma apasxolei to anagkaio dioikhtiko,
ygeionomiko kai boh8htiko proswpiko. O giatros ths Koinothtas
episkeptetai to idryma kai e3etazei toys peri8alpomenoys mia fora
thn ebdomada. Epishs mia fora thn ebdomada eidikh daskala kanei
ergasio8erapeia.
Sto Ghrokomeio teloyntai me epishmothta
oles oi Ebraikes giortes, syxna me th symmetoxh twn kyriwn ths
Koinothtas kai twn ma8htwn toy sxoleioy.
Etsi, sta liga xronia ths epanaleitoyrgias
toy kai xarh sthn ameristh kai polypleyrh symparastash ths Israhlitikhs
Koinothtas 8essalonikhs, to ghrokomeio "Saoyl Modiano"
ka8ierw8hke san ena pragmatiko "spiti twn gonewn mas",
san ena filostorgo asylo opoy oi omo8rhskoi yperhlikes zoyn mesa
s' ena eyxaristo, a3ioprepes kai aneto periballon kai kyriws anamesa
se an8rwpoys poy toy agkaliazoyn me agaph kai endiaferon.
TO NEO EBRAIKO NEKROTAFEIO
Einai gnwsto oti oi Nazi katestrecan
to arxaio ebraiko nekrotafeio ths 8essalonikhs poy katalambane
ektash 300.000 t.m. peripoy, sto xwro ths shmerinhs Panepisthmioypolhs.
Ta tafika mnhmeia lehlath8hkan kai diaskorpisthkan s' oloklhrh
thn polh.
Meta thn apeley8erwsh, h Koinothta
xrhsimopoiei to neo nekrotafeio ths sthn perioxh ths Stayroypolhs,
to opoio ths paraxwrh8hke to 1938. Ekei metafer8hkan kapoia marmara
toy palioy nekrotafeioy poy diasw8hkan ki ekei exei aneger8ei
ena mnhmeio twn 8ymatwn toy Olokaytwmatos.
SYNAGWGES
Synagwgh Monasthriwtwn
H Synagwgh Monasthriwtwn idry8hke
me dwrea ths Intas Aroesth kai afierw8hke sth mnhmh toy syzygoy
ths Isaak. Sthn anegersh ths syneballan epishs me dwrees kai oikogeneis
poy katagontan apo to Monasthri ths Gioygkoslabias kai eixan egkatasta8ei
sth 8essalonikh meta toys Balkanikoys polemoys (1912-13) kai ton
A' pagkosmio polemo (1914-18).
H 8emeliwsh ths Synagwghs Monasthriwtwn
egine to 1925.
Oi ergasies gia thn anoikodomhsh
ths krathsan dyo xronia. Ta egkainia ths eginan stis 27 Eloyl
5687 (1927) apo ton tote topothrhth ths Arxirabbineias 8essalonikhs
Xaim Rafael Xampimp.
Sth diarkeia ths Nazistikhs Katoxhs,
h Synagwgh Monasthriwtwn htan to epikentro to gketo poy dhmioyrgh8hke
sto kentro ths 8essalonikhs. Otan to synolo toy ebraikoy plh8ysmoy
ektopisthke sta stratopeda toy 8anatoy, h Synagwgh Monasthriwtwn
xrhsimopoih8hke apo ton Ery8ro Stayro, san apo8hkh. Gi' ayto to
logo diefyge ths katastrofhs ths ap' toys Nazi kai diathrh8hke
se sxetika kalh katastash.
Amesws meta thn apeley8erwsh,
to Noembrio toy 1944, katefygan s' aythn oi elaxistoi Ebraioi
poy eixan diasw8ei apo filikes xristianikes oikogeneies h eixan
entaxtei sthn E8nikh Antistash. Ekei sygkalesan syneleysh, e3ele3an
to prwto, meta thn katoxh, dioikhtiko symboylio kai proxwrhsan
sthn organwsh mias ypotypwdoys koinotikhs zwhs. Argotera, me thn
epistrofh kai twn elaxistwn epizwntwn ap' ta stratopeda toy 8anatoy
kai thn plhrh epanasystash ths Koinothtas, h Synagwgh Monasthriwtwn
egine h kentrikh Synagwgh ths 8essalonikhs.
Ton Ioynio toy 1978, h Synagwgh
ypesth sobares katastrofes apo to megalo seismo poy eplh3e thn
polh mas kai h leitoyrgia ths stamathse mexri
na oloklhrw8oyn oi leptes epembaseis
ths anasthlwshs ths. Shmera synexizei th leitoyrgia ths e3yphretwntas
tis 8rhskeytikes anagkes toy ebraismoy ths 8essalonikhs.
Synagwgh Giant Lezikaron
H synagwgh Giant Lezikaron egkainias8hke
to 1984 kai einai afierwmenh sth mnhmh twn 8ymatwn toy Olokaytwmatos.
Xtisthke sth 8esh toy mikroy eykthrioy oikoy "Mpoyrla"
gnwstoy ws "Kal nte la Plasa" (Synagwgh ths Agoras),
poy leitoyrgoyse apo to 1921 gia thn e3yphrethsh twn latreytikwn
anagkwn twn polyari8mwn Ebraiwn poy ergazontan sthn parakeimenh
agora.
POLITISTIKA
1) Kentro Istorikhs Diadromhs
Ebraismoy 8essalonikhs
Egkainiasthke to 1985, sta plaisia
twn ekdhlwsewn gia ta 2300 xronia ths polhs mas. Perilambanei
monimh ek8esh fwtografiwn me 8emata apo thn istoria twn Ebraiwn
ths 8essalonikhs (paradosiakes endymasies, synagwges, ebraikos
typos, paradosiaka spitia kai filan8rwpika idrymata, synokismoi,
olokaytwma).
2) Moyseio Ebraikhs Paroysias
sth 8essalonikh
Perilambanei epishs moyseio kai
e3eidikeymenh biblio8hkh me meletes gia thn istoria kai th laografia
twn Ebraiwn ths 8essalonikhs. Problepetai na leitoyrghsei mesa
sto 1997, sta plaisia twn ekdhlwsewn ths Politistikhs Prwteyoysas.
2) Ekdoseis
H Koinothta exei xrhmatodothsei,
ta teleytaia xronia, mia seira ekdosewn poy anaferontai sthn istoria
ths kai sthn paradosh ths. Oi ekdoseis aytes einai:
1) "Agkada sel Pessax"
me thn epimeleia toy Mparoyx Simph. Einai triglwssh (Ellhnikh,
ebraikh kai ispanoebraikh me xarakthres latinikoys kai Rasi).
To biblio ayto gnwrise pagkosmia anagnwrish, giati prokeitai gia
pragmatiko ergo texnhs.
2) IN MEMORIAM. Twn M. Molxo
kai I. Nexama:
Prokeitai gia thn istoria toy
Olokaytwmatos twn Ebraiwn ths Ellados apo toys Nazi. To ergo ayto,
grammeno sth gallikh glwssa, kykloforhse se prwth ekdosh ta prwta
metapolemika xronia kai eixe apo kairo e3antlh8ei. H Israhlitikh
Koinothta 8essalonikhs anelabe thn epanekdosh kai sth gallikh
th glwssa toy prwtotypoy kai taytoxrona proebh kai sthn ellhnikh
toy metafrash, apo ton Giwrgo Zwgrafakh.
3) "Istoria twn Ebraiwn
ths 8essalonikhs" toy I. Nexama.
H Israhlitikh Koinothta 8essalonikhs
anelabe thn epanekdosh twn pente prwtwn tomwn, poy eixan kykloforhsei
otan o syggrafeas zoyse alla eixan apo kairo e3antlh8ei. Anelabe
epishs thn prwth ekdosh twn dyo teleytaiwn tomwn toy mnhmeiwdoys
aytoy ergoy. Syntoma proketai na ekdo8ei kai h ellhnikh toy metafrash.
Alles ekdoseis poy xrhmatodoth8hkan
h enisxy8hkan apo thn Israhlitikh Koinothta 8essalonikhs einai:
"BIRKENAU"- anamnhseis toy sympolith mas iatroy
A. Menase apo ta stratopeda toy 8anatoy, "Oi synagwges
ths 8essalonikhs" toy Almpertoy Nar, "Oi paroimies
twn Ebraiwn Sefaradim ths Elladas" apo ton Giwrgo Zwgrafakh,
oi metafraseis twn Calmwn kai toy proseyxologioy ths hmeras toy
E3ilasmoy (Giom Kipoyr) apo ton Asser Mwysh, h eidikh ekdosh toy
periodikoy "Xronika" gia ta 2300 xronia ths 8essalonikhs
k.a.
O OIKOS THS ELLADOS
H Israhlitikh Koinothta 8essalonikhs
epi8ymwntas na en8arrynei thn ereyna kai th meleth ths arxaias
ellhnikhs grammateias kai na symballei sthn peraiterw sysfig3h
twn desmwn anamesa stoys laoys ths Elladas kai toy Israhl, anelabe
thn anegersh pterygas mesa sto ktiriako sygkrothma toy Panepisthmioy
ths Ieroysalhm. H pteryga ayth onomasthke "Oikos ths Ellados",
egkainiasthke stis 14.3.84, me thn paroysia koryfaiwn proswpikothtwn
toy politikoy kai toy pneymatikoy kosmoy, opws o aeimnhstos Proedros
ths Dhmokratias Kwnstantinos Tsatsos kai o aeimnhstos ka8hghths
Manolhs Andronikos, kai afierw8hke sth mnhmh twn Ellhnoebraiwn
spoydastwn poy afanisthkan sto olokaytwma.
TA NEOTERA EBRAIKA MNHMEIA
THS 8ESSALONIKHS
Anamesa sta elaxista neotera
mnhmeia ths polhs mas poy diasw8hkan mexri shmera, 3exwrizoyn
kai orismena ktiria poy anhkan se ebraikes oikogeneies h stegazan
koinotika idrymata.
Ta spoydaiotera apo ayta einai:
Billa Allatinh
Ergo toy Italoy arxitektona Bitaliano
Pozeli. Xtisthke to 1888 san e3oxikh katoikia ths Oikogeneias
Allatinh, poy htan onomasth gia tis epixeirhmatikes alla kai gia
tis koinwnikes ths drasthriothtes.
Apo to 1909 mexri to 1912 xrhsimopoih8hke
ws katoikia kai fylakh toy soyltanoy Abdoyl Xamit toy B', poy
ek8ronisthke apo toys Neotoyrkoys. To 1926 stegase to neoidrymeno
tote Panepisthmio ths 8essalonikhs, enw ston polemo toy 40-41
xrhsimopoih8hke san nosokomeio.
Shmera sth billa Allatinh, edreyei
o Nomarxhs 8essalonikhs kai meros twn yphresiwn ths Nomarxias.
Alla mnhmeiwdh ktiria poy anhkan
stoys Allatinh kai swzontai alla kai leitoyrgoyn mexri shmera
einai, oi myloi sthn odo An8ewn kai h Trapeza toys sthn plateia
Xrhmatisthrioy, h shmerinh Stoa Malakophs.
Billa Fernantes h Kaza Mpianka
Ergo toy arxitektona Piero Arigkoni.
Xtisthke to 1910 san katoikia toy Ebraioy epixeirhmatia Ntino
Fernantes kai synde8hke me thn romantikh istoria toy eidylioy
ths korhs toy Alin kai toy an8ypoloxagoy Alimperth.
Billa Mordox
Ergo toy arxitektona 3enofwnta
Paionidh. Xtisthke to 1905 san katoikia toy Toyrkoy merarxoy Seifoylax
Pasa. To 1923 agorasthke apo thn ebraikh oikogeneia Sialwm kai
to 1930 apo thn epishs ebraikh oikogeneia Mordox. Meta ton B'
pagkosmio polemo stegase diadoxika yphresies toy ELAS, toy G'
Swmatos Stratoy kai toy IKA. Shmera stegazei thn Pinako8hkh toy
Dhmoy 8essalonikhs.
Billa Iakwb Modiano
Xtisthke to 1906 san katoikia
toy Iakwb Modiano se sxedia toy mhxanikoy Eli Modiano. To 1913
h billa agorasthke apo ton Dhmo 8essalonikhs kai prosfer8hke gia
anaktoro ston basilia Kwnstantino. Xrhsimopoih8hke, sthn periodo
toy mesopolemoy, gia katoikia toy ekastote Genikoy Dioikhth Makedonias
kai argotera stegase thn Stratiwtikh Iatrikh sxolh. Apo to 1970
stegazei to Laografiko Moyseio.
O episkepths poy endiaferetai
gia xwroys poy synde8hkan me thn Ebraikh koinothta ths 8essalonikhs,
mporei epishs na episkef8ei thn grafikh "Agora Modiano",
thn "Stoa Saoyl", to Ippokrateio Nosokomeio, xtismeno
to 1907 apo thn Israhlitikh Koinothta me th syndromh ths Barwnhs
Klaras nte Xris kai telos to "Geni Tzami" (prwhn arxaiologiko
moyseio) xtismeno to 1902, apo toys "ntonmedes", prwhn
Ebraioys poy apo ton 17o aiwna eixan aspastei ton Islamismo.
ISRAHLITIKH KOINOTHTA 8ESSALONIKHS
XRHSIMES PLHROFORIES
1) Synagwgh Monasthriwtwn
Epistrofh sthn prohgoymenh selida..
gia thn ypar3h organwmenhs Ebraikhs Koinothtas sth 8essalonikh,
brisketai stis pra3eis twn Apostolwn. Sto sxetiko xwrio diabazoyme
oti o Apostolos Paylos, poy episkef8hke thn polh gyrw sto 50 m.X.
dida3e sth synagwgh ths epi tria synexh Sabbata.
stis dynameis toy a3ona (9-4-41) 8a shmanei thn arxh toy teloys.
Oi Nazi egkainiazoyn ta antiebraika metra apo tis prwtes kiolas
meres. Apagoreyoyn thn eisodo twn Ebraiwn se kafeneia, zaxaroplasteia
klp. Epitassoyn to nosokomeio Xirs kai polla Ebraika spitia, fylakizoyn
ta melh toy Koinotikoy Symboylioy, lehlatoyn ta grafeia ths Koinothtas,
katastrefoyn ta arxeia kai tis Ebraikes biblio8hkes. Stis 11-7-1942
oi Ebraioi andres apo 18-45 xronwn diatazontai na paroysiastoyn
sthn plateia Eley8erias. Ekei, afoy yfistantai aperigraptes tapeinwseis,
katagrafontai kai odhgoyntai se katanagkastika erga. H Koinothta
8a katabalei lytra 2,5 dis drx. gia na toys apeley8erwsei. Sto
telos toy idioy xronoy katasxontai oi Ebraikes epixeirhseis kai
katastrefetai to nekrotafeio.
Sto nhpiagwgeio ginontai dekta
nhpia apo thn hlikia twn 3,5 etwn. Sto dhmotiko sxoleio, ektos
apo to geniko analytiko programma, didaskontai h Ebraikh glwssa
kai istoria ka8ws kai h Agglikh glwssa.
Shmera oi kataskhnwseis filo3enoyn
150-200 paidia, hlikias 7-15 etwn, poy proerxontai apo oles tis
Ebraikes Koinothtes ths xwras mas kai apo to e3wteriko.
(Bas. Olgas 198)
(Bas. Olgas - 8. Sofoylh)
(B. Olgas 162)
(B. Olgas 68)
Syggroy 35, thl. 524.968
2) Synagwgh Giant Lezikaron-Kentro
Istorikhs Diadromhs
Ebraismoy
8essalonikhs
B. Hrakleioy 24, thl. 223.231
3) Koinotika Grafeia, Rabbineia,
Koinotiko Kentro
Tsimiskh 24, thl. 272.840,
277.803,
270.256, 221.124
4) Nekrotafeio kai mnhmeio
Olokaytwmatos
Stayroypolh
(enanti ergostasioy "AGNO")
thl. 665.855
5) Ebraiko dhmotiko sxoleio
"Talmoyd Tora Agkadol"
Flemigk 17, thl. 830.347,
837.177
6) Ghrokomeio Saoyl Modiano
Kim. Boga 83, thl. 848.473
7) Plateia Ebraiwn Martyrwn
Meta3y twn odwn Papanastasioy,
Priamoy kai Karakash
8) Morfwtikh Lesxh Israhlitwn
"H ADELFOTHS"
Tsimiskh 24, thl. 221.030
9) Epikoinwnia mesw Internet : jct1@compulink.gr
